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| You had a little too much to drink last night, and now you’re nursing that dreaded morning aftermath — a hangover. |
| What seemed like fun at the time is now causing your hands to shake, your head to pound and your heart to race, not to mention other unpleasant symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, light sensitivity and excruciating thirst. |
| Why are you suffering? Because the liquor that smoothly passed your lips is now wreaking havoc in your body, causing dehydration, stomach distress and inflammation. These ailments peak about the time all the alcohol leaves your body. |
| There is no scientifically proven way to cure a hangover, but experts say you can prevent one — or at least keep that morning-after misery to a minimum. Here’s how. |
| Drink on a full stomach |
| Forget a late-night meal after a night of drinking — that’s much too late, experts say. Instead, eat before your first drink and keep noshing as the night goes on. |
| "Food in the stomach slows gastric emptying and can reduce hangover symptoms,” said Dr. Robert Swift, a professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown University’s Warren Alpert Medical School in Providence, Rhode Island. |
| Why does food help? Because most alcohol isn’t absorbed by an empty stomach but via the intestinal tract just below it, Swift said. |
| “Now the alcohol is diluted in the stomach, and only a small quantity of alcohol is absorbed at any time,” said Swift, who has studied alcohol abuse since the 1990s. |
| Stay hydrated |
| The same principle applies to water and other nonalcoholic beverages, Swift said. “If alcohol is mixed with fluid, it’s diluted, so when it goes into your intestines, it’s not as irritating. You’re less likely to have inflamed intestines or an inflamed stomach lining.” |
| "The primary cause of hangovers is dehydration and the loss of fluids, along with vitamins and minerals,” said Dr. John Brick, former chief of research at the Center of Alcohol Studies at Rutgers University in New Jersey. |
| Dehydration from alcohol may affect a woman even more, and she is more likely to suffer a hangover, even if she drinks less than a man, Swift said. That’s because a man has a higher percentage of body water than a woman of the same height and weight, so the same amount of alcohol will be more diluted in a man, he said. |
| Pick beer, wine or spirits with fewer additives |
| The alcohol we drink, called ethyl alcohol or ethanol, is the byproduct of fermenting carbohydrates and starches, usually some sort of grain, grape or berry. |
| Chemicals like congeners are added by manufacturers for flavor and taste. While they are added in small, nontoxic amounts, some people are overly sensitive to their effects. |
| Overall, dark-colored beer and spirits tend to contain more congeners and thus may be more likely to cause hangovers, experts say. |
| Chemical preservatives called sulfites, known to cause allergic reactions in sensitive people. However, many manufacturers of beer and wine add sulfites to their products to extend shelf life. (Sulfites are also added to soda, cereals, sweeteners, canned and ultraprocessed foods, medications and more.) |
| Sweet and white wines tend to have more sulfites than red, but red wines contain more tannins, which are bitter or astringent compounds found in the skin and seeds of grapes. Like sulfites, tannins can trigger allergic reactions in people who are sensitive. |
| As a result, limiting your drinking to light beers and white wine might help keep hangovers at bay. |
| Abstain |
| In the end, however, experts say there is only one true preventive — or cure — for a hangover: Don’t drink. |
| "There’s no simple cure because there are so many complex factors that are producing the multiple symptoms of a hangover,” Swift said. “And that’s why the only real cure for a hangover is to not drink alcohol or drink such a low amount of alcohol that it won’t trigger a hangover.” |
| 3 ways to treat a hangover |
| • Drinking coffee can speed up recovery |
| • Electrolytes help |
| • Drink as much water as you can |
| We know that alcohol dehydrates, so a headache and other hangover symptoms may be partly due to constricted blood vessels and a loss of electrolytes, essential minerals such as sodium, calcium and potassium that your body needs. |
| Replacing lost fluids with water or a type of sports drink with extra electrolytes can help boost recovery from a hangover, Swift said. |
| And while most alcohol is handled by the liver, a small amount leaves the body unchanged through sweat, urine and breathing. |
| Get up, do some light stretching and walking, and drink plenty of water to encourage urination, Brick said. |
| "Before you go to sleep and when you wake up, drink as much water as you comfortably can handle,” he said. |
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