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| Perhaps not since the Holocaust, which saw the annihilation of about two-thirds of Europe’s Jewish community, have the Jews of Europe lived in an atmosphere of fear so acute that it feels like a fundamental shift in the terms of their existence. |
| 欧洲的犹太人此刻生活在一种极度可怖的氛围中，感觉到他们的生存状况正发生一种根本性的转变。上一次他们产生这样的感觉，可能就是导致欧洲犹太社区三分之二人口被灭绝的纳粹大屠杀了。 |
| Across a Europe of daubed Stars of David on apartment buildings, bomb threats to Jewish stores and demonstrations calling for Israel’s eradication, Jews speak of alarm as pro-Palestinian sentiment surges. |
| 公寓楼上的大卫星涂鸦，犹太商店收到的炸弹威胁，示威人群喊出消灭以色列的口号，随着支持巴勒斯坦的情绪急剧上升，犹太人纷纷表示情况不妙。 |
| “There is a feeling of helplessness that has never been experienced before,” said Joel Rubinfeld of the Belgian League Against Anti-Semitism. |
| “有种从未体验到过的无助感，”比利时反对反犹联盟的乔尔·鲁宾菲尔德说。 |
| The Oct. 7 Hamas assault on Israel, often described as the largest single-day slaughter of Jews since Hitler’s program of extermination, has awakened a repressed horror in Jewish populations, now compounded by dismay at the way the world’s sympathy has rapidly shifted to the Palestinians in Gaza being killed under Israeli bombardment. |
| 10月7日哈马斯对以色列的袭击，常被称为自希特勒的灭绝计划以来单日内犹太人遭到的最大规模屠杀，这唤醒了犹太人心中压抑着的恐怖情绪，看到世界的同情心迅速转向在以色列对加沙的轰炸中死去的巴勒斯坦人，又让他们多了一层沮丧。 |
| “What strikes me is there is a wave of antisemitism in the world when 1,300 Jews were massacred a few days ago,” said Samuel Lejoyeux, the president of the Union of Jewish Students of France, which includes 15,000 members. |
| “我的感觉是，几天前刚刚有1300名犹太人被屠杀，现在却来了一波反犹风潮，”法国犹太学生联合会会长塞缪尔·勒乔说，该组织有15000名会员。 |
| This feels, to many European Jews, like the same blindness or insouciance that allowed millions of their forbears to be sent to Nazi camps to be gassed. It is precisely to that time that images of slain Jewish babies and grandmothers in the Jewish homeland have transported them. |
| 对许多欧洲犹太人来说，这种盲目或漠然与当初容许数百万他们的先辈被送进纳粹集中营毒气室的情绪是一样的。在犹太家园的犹太婴孩和老奶奶被杀的画面将他们送回到了那段日子。 |
| This month, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Germany’s president, said at a rally held at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin that it was “intolerable that Jewish people are today once again living in fear — in our country, of all places.” In the week after the Hamas attack, the German federal agency that monitors antisemitism documented 202 episodes, a rise of 240 percent compared with the same period last year. |
| 本月，德国总统弗兰克-瓦尔特·施泰因迈尔在柏林布兰登堡门的一场集会上说，“犹太人在今天再次生活在恐惧中——而且不是别处，就是在我们国家，这是不能容许的。”哈马斯袭击后的一周里，德国联邦政府部门录得202起反犹事件，比去年同期增加了240%。 |
| “Wir Haben Angst,” or “We Are Scared,” was the headline across this week’s cover of Der Spiegel, the leading German newsmagazine, over photographs of four German Jews, one of them a 90-year-old Holocaust survivor, Ivar Buterfas-Frankenthal, who said, “We Jews are once again easy targets.” |
| 德国首屈一指的新闻杂志《明镜》在本周的封面上写着“Wir Haben Angst”，即“我们害怕”，此外还有四位德国犹太人的照片，其中就有90岁的纳粹大屠杀幸存者伊娃·巴特法斯-弗兰肯塔尔，她说，“我们犹太人再一次成了省事的靶子。” |
| Angst is, indeed, palpable across the continent. From Britain to Italy, tensions have risen sharply. In the period between the Hamas attack and Oct. 27, Britain’s Community Security Trust, a charity, said that it had recorded 805 antisemitic acts, the highest number in a three-week period since it began reporting episodes of this kind in 1984. |
| 欧洲各地的确能感受到这种恐惧。从英国到意大利，气氛突然紧张起来。从哈马斯袭击到10月27日这几天里，英国的慈善组织社区安全信托称录得反犹事件805起，这是自1984年开始此类记录以来三周时间里的最高纪录。 |
| London’s Metropolitan Police Service said it had scaled up its visible presence after the conflict began, noting in a statement that it had seen a “significant increase in hate crime, particularly antisemitism,” since the war between Israel and Hamas, the armed group that controls Gaza, began. Thousands of officers are undertaking extra patrols across the city. |
| 伦敦警察厅表示，自冲突爆发以来，他们已经增加了可见的警力部署。警察厅的一份声明写道，他们注意到自以色列和控制加沙的武装组织哈马斯开战以来，“仇恨犯罪有显著增加，尤其是反犹。”数千名警官在全城增加了巡逻。 |
| At a recent rally in Milan, protesters held aloft a poster with an image of Anne Frank wearing a keffiyeh, ostensibly to draw a connection between the fate of the young Jewish girl murdered at Auschwitz during World War II and the Palestinians’ situation in Gaza. |
| 近日在米兰的一场集会上，抗议者手举一幅安妮·弗兰克批戴头巾的海报，似乎是想表明，二战期间在奥斯维辛被杀的这位犹太女孩的命运，和在加沙的巴勒斯坦人是相呼应的。 |
| The spillover into Europe of upsurges in Israeli-Palestinian violence is not new. Tensions between the large Muslim populations in France and Germany, themselves often subject to hatred and violence, and the two countries’ Jewish communities have tended to rise in tandem with regular Israeli incursions into Gaza since 2009. |
| 这不是巴以暴力升级的影响第一次波及到欧洲。法国和德国生活着大量穆斯林，本身也时常遭受仇恨和暴力的对待，但自从2009年开始以色列频频侵入加沙后，他们与两国中的犹太人的紧张关系往往也会随之起落。 |
| But the extent of antisemitic acts, and of Jewish fear, feels different this time as the scale of the horror unfurling in the Holy Land has sent everyone, on either side of the conflict, over the edge. |
| 然而这一次的反犹行为以及犹太人的恐惧，似乎跟以往是不同的，“圣地”的骇人景象已经令冲突双方都神经紧绷。 |
| “France is seeing a wave of antisemitism not equaled since 1945,” said Bernard-Henri Lévy, a French author and movie director. |
| “法国出现了自1945年以来未曾见过的反犹浪潮，”法国作家、电影导演伯纳德-亨利·列维说。 |
| In France, home to the largest Jewish community in Europe, antisemitic attacks have surged since the Oct. 7 attack, with 819 acts registered and 414 arrests made, according to Gérald Darmanin, France’s interior minister. |
| 在欧洲最大犹太社区所在的法国，反犹袭击在10月7日袭击后出现剧增，据法国内政部长热拉尔德·达尔马宁称，已经录得819起事件，逮捕414人。 |
| Parisians in the 14th Arrondissement, a southern neighborhood of the city, woke up on Tuesday morning to find 65 Stars of David sprayed on residential buildings. “These acts create a lot of fear and dread in the community,” said Carine Petit, the local mayor. “It has awakened terrible things from our history.” |
| 周二早上，当巴黎南部14区的居民醒来，迎接他们的是65起住宅楼被喷涂大卫星的事件。“此等行为在社区中制造了很多恐惧和担忧，”14区区长卡琳·佩蒂特说。“唤醒了我们对可怕历史的记忆。” |
| In particular, it has awakened memories of Jews in France forced to wear yellow stars during World War II under the collaborationist Vichy Government that sent some 76,000 French and foreign Jews to their deaths in Nazi camps. |
| 这种行为尤其唤醒了对“二战”期间法国犹太人被迫佩戴黄星的记忆，投降的维希政府曾将7.6万名法国和外国犹太人送往纳粹集中营。 |
| Yaël Braun-Pivet, the Jewish president of the French National Assembly, the country’s larger and more powerful lower house of Parliament, says she has received so many personal threats since Oct. 7 that she cannot leave her home without police protection. |
| 娅埃尔·布朗-皮韦是法国在规模和权力都更大的下议院国民议会的犹太裔议长，她说自10月7日以来，自己收到了太多人身威胁，以至于她必须在警方保护下才能走出家门。 |
| “Of course I feel in danger,” Ms. Braun-Pivet told France Inter radio last week, adding that her Jewish ancestry has become a national obsession despite the fact she does not identify personally with her heritage or faith. |
| “我当然感到危险，”布朗-皮韦在上周接受法国广播电台的采访时表示，并补充称，尽管她对犹太传统和信仰没有身份认同，但她的犹太血统已成为全国热议的话题。 |
| “All of a sudden, people see only this,” she said. |
| “突然之间，大家眼里都只有这个了，”她说。 |
| Several factors appear to have contributed to the sharp rise in antisemitism coming from both the left and right of the European political spectrum. |
| 似乎有多重因素导致了反犹主义在欧洲政治光谱的左右两端急剧上升。 |
| With feelings running so high since the Oct. 7 attack that spurred a massive Israeli military response to oust Hamas from Gaza, the fine line between anti-Zionism — opposition to the State of Israel — and antisemitism — hatred of Jews — has appeared more blurry than ever. |
| 自10月7日的袭击引发以色列誓要在加沙铲除哈马斯的大规模军事行动以来，被煽动的情绪是如此激烈，连反锡安主义（反对以色列国）和反犹主义（仇恨犹太人）的界限也变得比以往任何时候都要模糊。 |
| The scale of the Israeli reprisal, which the Hamas-run Health Ministry says has killed more than 8,000 Palestinians, has stirred fury. Images of dead Palestinian women and children race across social media and feed an anger that has long been festering, particularly among the millions of Muslims living in Europe, over Israeli control of Palestinians in the occupied West Bank and in Gaza. |
| 哈马斯控制的卫生部表示，以色列的报复行动已造成超过8000名巴勒斯坦人死亡，其规模之大引发了愤慨。巴勒斯坦妇孺丧生的图片在社交媒体上迅速流传，特别是对欧洲的数百万穆斯林而言，这加剧了他们对以色列酝酿已久的愤怒，因为以色列控制着被占领的约旦河西岸及加沙地带的巴勒斯坦人民。 |
| The Palestinian cause has also changed in nature, especially for young progressives of the left in Europe and the United States, becoming part of what is often called an “anticolonial” struggle. In this intersectional worldview, the fight against Israel — and often its very existence — becomes part of a global battle of the oppressed for justice and equality. In this good-and-evil matrix, Jews are deemed not to fare well. |
| 巴勒斯坦事业的性质也发生了变化，特别是对欧美左派年轻进步人士来说，那正在成为通常被称为“反殖民”斗争的一部分。在这种多元交织的世界观下，反对以色列（通常还包括反对其存在）的斗争就成了被压迫者争取正义和平等的全球斗争的一部分。在这个非黑即白的世界，犹太人的日子往往不会好过。 |
| The fact that Jews have been indigenous to the Holy Land for millenniums and that more than half of Israel’s population are Mizrahi Jews of Middle Eastern and North African descent who have often fled Arab persecution is generally passed over in this prism focused on white imperialism. |
| 犹太人几千年来都是“圣地”原住民，以色列一半以上的人口都是逃离阿拉伯迫害的具有中东和北非血统的米兹拉希犹太人，这些事实往往被聚焦于白人帝国主义的视角忽略了。 |
| If the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has always appeared intractable, it now appears particularly explosive. The unthinkable has come to pass. For European Jews, it seems that something fundamental has shifted since the Hamas attack, as it also has for Jews in the United States. |
| 似乎永远棘手的巴以冲突问题如今看来特别容易一点即爆。不敢想象之事已经发生。对欧洲和美国的犹太人来说，自从哈马斯发动袭击以来，一些根本性的变化好像已经发生。 |
| “This is what happened to parents and grandparents in Europe, but we thought the era of massive calamity had passed,” said Jeremy Ben-Ami, the president of J Street, a liberal American Jewish organization dedicated to a peaceful resolution of the conflict. “Now the world looks different.” |
| “欧洲的父辈和祖辈就曾经历过这样的事，但我们以为大规模灾难的时代已经过去了，”致力于和平解决巴以冲突的自由派美国犹太人组织J Street的主席杰里米·本-阿米表示。“现在的世界看起来不一样了。” |
| It is so different that Marina Chernivsky, who runs the OFEK Counseling Center for Antisemitic Violence and Discrimination in Berlin, said that in the six years since she founded the organization, she had never had to deal with so many traumatized people. Since the Hamas attack, her team of seven counselors has received more than 270 requests for counseling, a 13-fold increase over previous months. |
| 柏林OFEK反犹暴力和歧视咨询中心负责人玛丽娜·切尔尼夫斯基表示，世界变得如此不同，以至于在创立该组织的六年时间里，她从未像现在这样收到如此多遭受创伤者的求救。自哈马斯袭击以来，她的七人顾问团队收到了270多份咨询请求，比前几个月增加了13倍。 |
| “Jews in Germany are faced with real threats in their daily lives,” she said. “Life here seems to go on, but our world is on its head.” |
| “德国犹太人的日常生活正面临严峻威胁，”她说。“这里的生活似乎还在照旧，但我们的世界已被彻底颠覆。” |
| At the opening of a synagogue in Dessau on Oct. 22, Olaf Scholz, the German chancellor, said he was “outraged” at the spread of antisemitic hatred and that it was shameful that police officers were once again needed to protect synagogues and other Jewish institutions. |
| 10月22日，在德绍一座犹太教堂的落成仪式上，德国总理朔尔茨表示，他对反犹仇恨的蔓延感到“愤慨”，并称需要再次由警察保护犹太教堂和其他犹太机构的状况是可耻的。 |
| “We must now show what ‘Never Again’ really means,” he said. |
| “我们现在必须展示什么是真正的‘永不再犯’，”他说。 |
| That he felt obliged to make this statement was a measure of all that has changed in Germany and beyond. |
| 情况已经到了他觉得有必要发出这样一通宣言的地步，也说明了德国和世界究竟发生了多少改变。 |
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