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| Nio, a Chinese electric car company that competes with Tesla, employs 11,000 people in research and development, but sold a mere 8,000 cars per month from April through June. |
| 作为特斯拉的竞争对手，中国电动汽车品牌蔚来拥有1.1万名研发人员，但从今年4月到6月，该公司平均每月的汽车销量仅有8000辆。 |
| It has invested so extensively in robots that one of its factories employs just 30 technicians to make 300,000 electric car motors a year. Nio offers $350 augmented reality glasses for each seat in its cars, and has introduced a cellphone that interacts with the car’s self-driving system. |
| 蔚来在机器人上的投入是如此巨大，以至于它的一家工厂每年只需配备30名技术人员就能造出30万电动汽车的电动机。蔚来汽车为每个座椅都提供了售价2299元的增强现实眼镜，并推出了一款可与车内自动驾驶系统交互的手机。 |
| And none of it is profitable — far from it. Nio lost $835 million in the second quarter, or $35,000 for each car it sold. |
| 但这所有产品都不赚钱——距离盈利还差得很远。蔚来二季度亏损达60.56亿元，等于每卖一辆车就亏25万元。 |
| Nio and other companies in China’s sprawling electric car sector have formidable government backing that allows them to withstand such losses and keep growing. When Nio nearly ran out of cash in 2020, a local government immediately injected $1 billion for a 24 percent stake, and a state-controlled bank led a group of other lenders to pump in another $1.6 billion. |
| 在中国不断扩张的电动汽车产业里，包括蔚来在内的车企都得到了政府的大力支持，让它们得以在承受如此亏损的同时还能保持增长。2020年，当蔚来资金链几乎断裂，当地政府立即为其注资70亿元获得了24.1%的股份，一家国有银行又主导一批贷款机构向其授信104亿元。 |
| Today Nio embodies China’s dominance of electric vehicle innovation and manufacturing, underlining its threat to traditional auto powers in Europe and the United States. |
| 今天的蔚来象征着中国在电动汽车创新和制造上的主导地位，凸显了中国的这一产业对欧美传统汽车巨头的威胁。 |
| The strike by the United Automobile Workers union against three Detroit carmakers, now in its third week, is at its heart a conflict over electric vehicles: The companies say they must invest billions of dollars to retool their operations, while workers say they must defend their jobs from automation and technology while increasing their pay. |
| 美国汽车工人联合会对抗底特律三大车企的罢工现已进入第三周，电动汽车正是这场罢工的核心矛盾：车企称必须要投资巨额资金进行业务重组，但工人们的诉求除了加薪，还有必须保卫自己的工作不受自动化和技术影响。 |
| On Wednesday, European politicians worried by a wave of Chinese exports formally launched an investigation into whether electric car manufacturers in China have received government subsidies, a step that could lead Europe to impose tariffs. China’s E.V. exports have surged 851 percent in the past three years, mainly to Europe. The inquiry by the European Union is geopolitically complicated: Many of Europe’s most important companies have ties to China’s market, and China is ready to retaliate. |
| 对中国电动汽车大量出口感到担忧的欧洲政界于上月正式开展调查，确定中国电动汽车制造商是否获得了政府补贴，这可能导致欧洲对其加征关税。中国电动汽车出口在过去三年激增851%，主要销往欧洲。欧盟的调查在地缘政治上牵涉复杂，欧洲许多最重要的企业都与中国市场有联系，而中国已准备好进行报复。 |
| China’s Ministry of Commerce denounced the inquiry on Wednesday, calling it “naked protectionist behavior that will seriously disrupt and distort the supply chain of the global automotive industry chain.” |
| 中国商务部上周三谴责了此次调查，称之为“赤裸裸的保护主义行为，将严重扰乱和扭曲包括欧盟在内的全球汽车产业链供应链”。 |
| Companies like Nio, which is spending heavily on marketing in Germany and other European countries, need exports. The question is whether Nio can sell enough cars to justify its enormous research and investment effort. |
| 蔚来等车企都在德国等欧洲国家投入了大笔营销费用，他们需要出口业绩。问题就在于，蔚来能否卖出足够多的汽车以证明其巨大的研发和投资努力是合理的。 |
| “I’m actually not concerned about the capacity or volume of manufacturing — I’m only concerned about the demand,” said William Li, the chairman and chief executive of Nio, at a news conference in Shanghai. |
| “我其实并不关心产能或产量，我只在乎需求，”蔚来董事长兼首席执行官李斌在上海的新闻发布会上表示。 |
| As American and European manufacturers struggle to catch up, Chinese automakers lead the world in a critical aspect of the E.V. supply chain: battery technology. They have pioneered new battery chemistries that allow long-range driving at considerably reduced cost. China also dominates electric motor production, and in designing high-efficiency systems that tie together batteries and motors. |
| 在欧美车企奋力追赶之际，中国车企在电动汽车供应链的一个关键环节上世界领先，那就是电池技术。这些车企研发的新型电池配方大大降低了长途驾驶的成本。中国还主导了电动机生产，并引领了连接电池和电机的高效系统的设计。 |
| Electric car sales are growing fast, but China has been building factories even faster for practically every electric car component. That has created a glut of capacity that has driven price tags for electric cars below the price of gasoline-powered cars. |
| 电动汽车销量增长迅猛，但仍赶不上中国为几乎所有电动汽车零部件生产建厂的速度。这造成了产能过剩，导致电动汽车的价格被压得比油车还低。 |
| Wages also tend to be lower in China. Autoworkers in big cities like Shanghai earn about $30,000 a year in pay and benefits, while workers in less expensive cities in the interior earn considerably less. |
| 中国的薪资往往也较低。在上海这样的大城市，汽车工人一年的薪水加津贴大约在30000美元，而内陆地区物价水平更低的城市薪水还要低很多。 |
| By contrast, Ford Motor has said its workers earned an average of $110,000 a year in pay and benefits. The U.A.W. is seeking a roughly 40 percent pay raise over four years, plus a paid day off each workweek. |
| 相比之下，福特汽车称其工人一年的薪水加津贴达到平均110000美元。汽车工人联合会目前在寻求四年内涨薪约40%，另外每周增加一天的带薪休假。 |
| As Nio’s new electric motor factory shows, Chinese car manufacturing is now among the most automated in the world. American automakers are finding that they have to buy industrial robots and other automation from Chinese suppliers, said Michael Dunne, an auto analyst in San Diego who specializes in China. |
| 正如在蔚来新建的电动汽车厂所看到的，中国的汽车制造自动化程度是世界上最高的。专门研究中国的圣迭戈汽车业分析师迈克尔·邓恩说，美国车厂发现它们得从中国供应商那里购买工业机器人和其它的自动化设备。 |
| “They look around and say does America have anything close to their ability on automation, and the answer is no,” said Mr. Dunne, a former president of General Motors Indonesia. |
| “他们到处搜寻，想知道美国是否有在能力上接近的自动化，答案是否定的，”曾任通用汽车印度尼西亚公司总裁的邓恩说。 |
| Paul Gong, head of Asia automotive research for the bank UBS, predicted that Chinese carmakers would capture a third of the global car market by the end of the decade. Much of the growth in his forecast is a jump in Chinese carmakers’ share of the European market to 20 percent, from just 3 percent now. |
| 瑞银集团亚洲汽车业研究主管保罗·龚（音）预测，到2020年代末，中国汽车生产商将占据全球汽车市场的三分之一。他预计的增长中，有相当一部分是由于中国车厂在欧洲市场的份额从现在的3%增加到20%。 |
| In China, he said, “the competition is so fierce that it pushes every automaker to develop new technologies.” |
| 他说，在中国，“激烈的竞争迫使每家车厂都在开发新技术。” |
| China’s technological edge has convinced some European automakers that it makes economic sense to strike partnerships even though they compete with Chinese exporters. |
| 中国的技术优势让一些欧洲车厂相信，和中国出口商建立合作伙伴关系在经济上是明智的，尽管彼此是竞争对手。 |
| In July, Volkswagen paid $700 million for a 4.99 percent stake in XPeng, a money-losing Chinese electric car start-up, putting a valuation of $14 billion on XPeng. Nio received assistance from the Hefei local government, but XPeng has acknowledged assistance from the local government in Wuhan, also in central China. |
| 大众公司在7月用7亿美元购买了小鹏汽车4.99%的股份，这家仍在亏损的中国电动汽车初创公司的估值因此达到140亿美元。蔚来得到了合肥的地方政府的协助，不过小鹏也承认从武汉的地方政府那里得到过协助，同样是在中国中部。 |
| Volkswagen announced in April that it would build a $1.1 billion car development center in the central China city of Hefei. VW will hire 2,000 engineers to do work previously performed at its headquarters in Wolfsburg, Germany, for cars manufactured in China. |
| 大众在4月宣布将在中国中部城市合肥建造一座11亿美元的汽车研发中心。大众将聘用2000名工程师，为在中国的汽车生产从事原本在德国沃尔夫斯堡总部完成的工作。 |
| Not all Chinese E.V. companies are losing money. BYD, the electric car leader in China and globally, tripled profit to $1.5 billion in the first half of this year. BYD makes its own batteries and is a highly efficient manufacturer. |
| 并不是所有中国电动汽车公司都在亏损。中国和世界头号电动车生产商比亚迪在今年上半年利润翻了两番，达到15亿美元。比亚迪自己生产电池，是一个非常高效的生产商。 |
| UBS researchers teamed up with an engineering firm to tear apart a BYD Seal electric car. They found that the Seal hatchback sedan cost at least 35 percent less to make than a slightly smaller car of similar quality, the Volkswagen ID3. |
| 瑞银研究人员与一个工程公司合作，拆解了一台比亚迪海豹电动车。他们发现，相比品质相当、车型略小的大众ID3，这款斜背轿车的生产成本起码少了35%。 |
| The global market can expect far more exports from BYD: The company recently ordered, from Chinese shipyards, its own fleet of the largest transoceanic car-carrying ships ever built. |
| 全球市场预计将见到更多来自比亚迪的出口：这家公司近日向中国船厂订购了有史以来最大的远洋汽车滚装船，组建自己的船队。 |
| In addition to Europe, Chinese brands report soaring auto sales in markets from Australia to the Mideast to Latin America. The only market in which Chinese cars have a negligible share and are not expected to gain ground is the United States. |
| 除了在欧洲，中国品牌在从澳大利亚到中东到拉美的许多市场销量猛增。唯一没有取得显眼份额、预计也不会有多少进展的，是美国。 |
| In 2018, Robert E. Lighthizer, President Donald J. Trump’s trade representative, imposed a 25 percent tariff on all cars imported from China. The Biden administration has created a subsidy proposal for electric vehicles that excludes Chinese cars. |
| 2018年，唐纳德·J·特朗普的贸易代表罗伯特·E·莱特希泽对从中国进口的汽车施加了25%的关税。拜登政府提出的一项针对电动汽车的补贴方案将中国汽车排除在外。 |
| The overall car market in China has been shrinking since 2017, as sales of gasoline-powered cars have plummeted faster than electric car sales have risen. Ride-hailing services have become ubiquitous while high-speed rail lines and subways have knit the country tightly together. |
| 中国的汽车总体市场自2017年以来一直在萎缩，汽油动力的汽车销量下降要比电动车的上升更快。网约车服务随处可见，而高铁和地铁又将这个国家紧密连接起来。 |
| Chinese companies keep racing to improve their technology. Since April, Nio has introduced its first small touring wagon and a new coupe sport utility vehicle while upgrading three other car models. Nio’s Internet-enabled augmented reality glasses can allow passengers to project a video meeting or share a computer game. |
| 中国公司在加紧改进自己的技术。自4月以来，蔚来已经发布了自己的首款旅行车和一款新的溜背SUV，同时还有三个车型的升级版。蔚来的联网增强现实眼镜让乘客可以进行视频会议或分享电脑游戏。 |
| These initiatives are starting to increase the company’s sales, although they remain low. Figures released by the company on Sunday showed that the average monthly pace of vehicle deliveries rose to 18,477 from July through September. The company has not yet released financial information for the third quarter. |
| 这些尝试开始促进公司的销量，不过总体仍然不高。蔚来在周日公布的数字显示，从7月到9月，平均每月的车辆交付上升到了18477台。公司尚未公布第三季度的财务信息。 |
| Selling smartphones and electric cars together has long been the dream of the electric car and smartphone industries. The cellphones, which work closely with a car’s self-driving functions, can be replaced much more frequently as technology improves than semiconductors in cars, which must pass lengthy safety reviews. |
| 将智能手机和电动汽车捆绑出售一直是电动车和手机厂商的梦想。相比汽车上的半导体芯片，与汽车的自动驾驶功能紧密联系的手机随着技术的进步会更频繁地得到更换，而前者需要通过耗时的安全审批。 |
| On Sept. 21, Nio put on sale its own brand of cellphone with a button on the left side for car controls. The founder of Geely, another Chinese automaker, last year acquired 79 percent of a smartphone manufacturer, Meizu, and has begun putting its software into Geely cars. Apple has talked for years of selling electric cars in addition to iPhones, but the Chinese smartphone maker Xiaomi is in the final stages of preparing to enter the car market next year. |
| 9月21日，蔚来开始发售自己的智能手机，在左侧有一个用于控制汽车的按钮。另一家中国汽车生产商吉利的创始人去年收购了手机生产商魅族79%的股份，开始将其软件置入吉利的汽车。苹果多年来一直提及在iPhone之外开始出售电动汽车，但是中国智能手机生产商小米的计划已经进展到最后阶段，将于明年进入汽车市场。 |
| So China’s electric carmakers persevere despite initial losses. “You all know we have not broken even, we are under great pressure,” Nio’s Mr. Li said. But he reaffirmed the company’s tech investments as “the path we should take.” |
| 因此，尽管一开始存在亏损，中国的电动汽车生产商仍然在坚持。“你们都知道我们还没能实现收支平衡，我们承受着巨大的压力，”蔚来的李斌说。但是他重申公司的技术投资“是我们应该走的路”。 |
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