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| At a time when many of China’s exports are faltering and its consumers are spending less at home, the country is flooding the world with cars. |
| 在中国许多产品出口衰退、国内消费者减少支出的时候，中国汽车正在大量涌向世界。 |
| Overseas demand for inexpensive vehicles made in China, mostly gasoline-powered models that Chinese consumers now shun in favor of electric cars, is so great that the biggest obstacle to selling more abroad is a lack of specialized ships to carry them. |
| 海外对中国制造的廉价汽车（主要是燃油车，中国消费者现在不想买这种车，他们更喜欢电动汽车）的需求如此巨大，以至于外销的最大障碍是缺少专门用来运输汽车的船。 |
| Chinese automakers have leaped to dominance in Russia since war began in Ukraine, transporting cars by train. The companies have also captured large shares of markets in Southeast Asia, Australia, South America and Mexico. With lingering Trump-era tariffs holding back sales to the United States, China’s automakers are preparing a big push into Europe — once they have enough ships. |
| 自俄乌战争爆发以来，中国汽车制造商在俄罗斯市场一跃占据主导地位，用火车将汽车运往那里。它们在东南亚、澳大利亚、南美和墨西哥也占据大量市场份额。由于特朗普时代加征关税的持续影响阻碍了中国汽车销往美国，中国汽车制造商们正准备等它们有足够多的运车船后，大举进军欧洲市场。 |
| Shipyards along the Yangtze River are building a fleet of car-carrying ships that act as giant floating parking lots, capable of carrying 5,000 or more cars at a time. |
| 长江沿岸的造船厂正在建造专门运输汽车的船队，这些船如同海上巨型停车场，每艘一次可运载5000辆或更多汽车。 |
| The Jinling shipyard in Yizheng, a town near Nanjing, “is busy around the clock, there are night shifts every day,” said Feng Wanyou, a ship welder, during a lunch break. |
| 金陵船厂在南京附近的仪征厂区，“ 它24小时都很忙。每天都有晚班，”造船厂的电焊工冯万友（音）在午休时说。 |
| Overall exports of Chinese goods, everything from furniture to consumer electronics, slumped 5.5 percent in the first eight months of this year, according to data released on Thursday. But China’s car industry has quadrupled exports in just three years, surpassing Japan this year as the world leader. This year, exports of cars surged 86 percent through July. |
| 据周四公布的数据，今年前八个月，从家具到消费电子产品等各种中国商品，按美元计价的出口总值，与去年同期相比下降了5.6%。但中国汽车工业的出口总值已在短短三年里翻了两番，今年超过日本，成为了世界上最大的汽车出口国。今年1至7月的乘用车出口量与去年同期相比猛增了86%。 |
| Chinese households’ appetite for spending — on new cars and almost everything else — has waned as real estate prices have fallen. Consumer confidence has shown few signs of recovering even after the lifting of nearly three years of stringent “zero Covid” policies. |
| 随着房地产价格下跌，中国家庭对新车和几乎所有其他方面的消费兴趣已经减弱。尽管政府取消了实行近三年的严厉“新冠清零”政策，但消费者信心几乎没有恢复的迹象。 |
| When Chinese households buy cars, they increasingly choose electric vehicles from local manufacturers, which lead global production of EVs. The result is an immense supply of gasoline-powered models that Chinese consumers no longer want but that still sell abroad. |
| 现在，中国家庭买车已越来越多地选择本土制造商生产的电动汽车，它已处于全球电动车生产的领先地位。结果就是中国的国内消费者不想要、但仍在国外销售的大量燃油车供应量巨大。 |
| Chinese carmakers are stuck with unused factory capacity to build about 15 million gasoline-powered cars a year. They have responded by sending more than four million cars this year to foreign markets, at bargain prices. |
| 中国汽车制造商目前有约1500万辆燃油车年产能处于闲置状态。它们的解决之道就是把燃油车低价销往国外市场，今年已出口了400多万辆。 |
| “Why have they driven into exports? Because they have to — what are you going to do, close a factory?” said Bill Russo, a former chief executive of Chrysler China who is now chief executive of Automobility, a Shanghai consultancy. |
| “他们为什么要扩大出口？因为他们不得不那样做，否则怎么办，关闭工厂？”克莱斯勒前中国区总裁罗威(Bill Russo)说，他现在是上海咨询公司Automobility的首席执行官。 |
| All over the world, Chinese automakers are taking market share. Steel and electronics used in cars are cheap in China, giving automakers here an advantage. Local governments in China also give the companies nearly free land, loans at near-zero interest and other subsidies. |
| 中国汽车制造商正在世界各地抢占市场份额。制造汽车所需的钢材和电子产品在中国很便宜，这为本地汽车制造商带来优势。中国的地方政府也向这些企业提供几乎免费的土地、近乎零息的贷款，以及其他各种补贴。 |
| After years of quality gains and technology improvements, Chinese cars, even ones with out-of-fashion combustion engines, are turning heads at industry events like the Munich auto show this week. |
| 经过多年的质量提升和技术改进，中国制造的汽车——即使是不合乎潮流的内燃机汽车，也已在行业活动中引起了人们的注意，比如本周的慕尼黑车展。 |
| In Australia, Chinese automakers have passed South Korean rivals in sales, and are catching up with Japanese competitors. China has also expanded exports quickly to Mexico and Britain, and is beginning to increase shipments to Belgium and Spain, which have important car-unloading ports that serve as a gateway to other European Union countries. |
| 中国汽车制造商在澳大利亚的销量已超过了韩国的竞争对手，并正在追赶日本。中国还迅速扩大了对墨西哥和英国的汽车出口，并开始增加运往比利时和西班牙的汽车数量，这两个国家有重要的汽车卸货港，是通往其他欧盟国家的门户。 |
| A lack of ships has held China back from exporting even more. |
| 运车船的短缺阻碍了中国更多的出口。 |
| “They are building cars a lot faster than they are building ships,” said Michael Dunne, a former president of General Motors Indonesia. |
| “他们造车的速度比造船的速度快得多，”曾任通用汽车印尼公司总裁的迈克尔·邓恩说。 |
| That is starting to change. |
| 这种情况正在开始改变。 |
| Chinese automakers like BYD and Chery, and the European and Singaporean shipping lines that transport cars for them, have placed almost all of the orders now pending worldwide for 170 car-carrying vessels. Before China’s auto export boom, only four a year were being ordered, said Daniel Nash, head of vehicle carriers at VesselsValue, a London shipping data firm. |
| 全球范围内目前待造的170艘汽车运输船的订单几乎全部来自比亚迪和奇瑞等中国汽车制造商，以及为它们运输汽车的欧洲和新加坡海运公司。中国开始大量出口汽车之前，每年只有四艘这种船的订单，伦敦的海运数据公司VesselsValue的汽车运输船主管丹尼尔·纳什说。 |
| Shipyards up and down the Yangtze River, with thousands of workers, clang and rattle from dawn until far into the night. The frenzy was visible last Friday at the Jinling Shipyard, where workers have nearly finished two car-carrying ships for Eastern Pacific Shipping of Singapore. |
| 在长江沿岸的造船厂里，数千名工人敲敲打打干活的声音从黎明到深夜一直不断。金陵船厂上周五显得尤其忙碌，那里的工人为新加坡东太平洋海运公司造的两艘汽车运输船已接近完工。 |
| Li Cha, a welder, said he was doing 12-hour shifts with a two-hour break at midday to bicycle home for lunch. Floodlights illuminate the shipyard by night so that teams can do particularly pressing tasks then, like installing electrical systems. |
| 电焊工李查（音）说，他每班12个小时，中午有两小时休息时间，他骑自行车回家吃午饭。造船厂夜里灯火通明，上夜班的工人在继续完成特别紧迫的任务，例如安装电气系统。 |
| The incentive to build more ships is clear. The cost per day for an automaker to hire a car-carrying ship has soared to $105,000, from $16,000 two years ago, Mr. Nash said. BYD is spending close to $100 million apiece for the construction of what will be the six largest car carriers ever built. Most of the vessels are scheduled for completion in the next three years. |
| 造更多运车船的好处显而易见。汽车制造商租用汽车运输船每天的费用已从两年前的1.6万美元飙升到了10.5万美元，纳什说。比亚迪正在为建造六艘有史以来最大的汽车运输船支付每艘近1亿美的造价，这六艘船中的大多数按计划将在未来三年内完工。 |
| Europe is becoming the main target for most Chinese automakers. They are using brands like Volvo and MG, acquired many years ago, to win greater acceptance in Europe. |
| 欧洲正在成为大多数中国汽车制造商的主要目标。它们正在用多年前收购的沃尔沃和名爵等品牌赢得欧洲市场的更大认可。 |
| The state-owned Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, which acquired Britain’s fabled MG brand in 2007, is exporting inexpensive cars from China not just to Britain but also to Australia. MG has re-emerged in Australia this year as one of the country’s best-selling car brands. |
| 名爵是英国著名品牌，中国国有的上海汽车工业有限公司在2007年将其收购。上汽集团正在从中国出口价格廉价的汽车，不仅销往英国，也销往澳大利亚。名爵今年已在澳大利亚重新崛起，成为该国最畅销的汽车品牌之一。 |
| General Motors’ joint venture with SAIC has begun shipping Chevrolet Aveo subcompact cars to Mexico, for sale in June starting at $16,300. |
| 通用汽车与上汽集团的合资企业已开始将雪佛兰Aveo微型汽车运往墨西哥，今年6月开售，起价16300美元。 |
| One big market is conspicuously missing among leading destinations for Chinese car exports: the United States. Almost no Chinese cars are going there now, and few are expected to do so soon. |
| 中国汽车出口的主要目的地中明显缺少美国这个大市场。美国市场上现在几乎没有中国汽车，预计近期也不会有多少。 |
| When the Trump administration imposed tariffs on imports from China in 2018 and 2019, the first batch included 25 percent levies on gasoline-powered and electric cars and on gasoline engines and electric car batteries. Not only are the tariffs still in place, but they were issued under legislation that gives broad discretion to the United States trade representative, currently Katherine Tai, to increase them if needed. |
| 特朗普政府在2018年和2019年对来自中国的进口产品征收关税时，第一批就包括对燃油汽车和电动汽车，以及燃油发动机和电动汽车电池加征25%关税。这些关税不仅仍然存在，而且加征关税的立法赋予美国贸易代表（现任是戴琪）在必要时提高关税的广泛自行决定权。 |
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