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| If you find that the blistering, unrelenting heat is making you anxious and irritable, even depressed, it’s not all in your head. Soaring temperatures can damage not just the body but also the mind. |
| 如果你感到没完没了的酷暑让你焦虑暴躁，甚至是抑郁，那并不是你凭空臆想出来的问题。高温天气不仅会伤害身体，也会造成心理的问题。 |
| As heat waves become more intense, more frequent and longer, it has become increasingly important to address the impact on mental health, scientists say. |
| 科学家说，随着酷热天气变得更加剧烈、频繁而漫长，应对由此产生的精神健康问题已经变得越来越重要。 |
| “It’s really only been over the past five years that there’s been a real recognition of the impact,” said Dr. Joshua Wortzel, chair of the American Psychiatric Association’s committee on climate change and mental health, which was set up just two years ago. |
| “真正认识到这个问题其实也就是过去五年的事，”美国精神医学会气候变化和精神健康委员会主席乔舒亚·沃策尔说，该委员会也只是两年前才创立的。 |
| “Our understanding of the basic biology of why this association exists is still in its infancy,” he added. |
| “对这种关联的基础生物学原理，我们也只是刚刚开始了解，”他还说。 |
| High temperatures are strongly associated with an increase in suicides, researchers have found. Heat has been linked to a rise in violent crime and aggression, emergency room visits and hospitalizations for mental disorders, and deaths — especially among people with schizophrenia, dementia, psychosis and substance use. |
| 研究人员发现，高温和自杀的增加存在强相关。炎热与暴力犯罪和侵犯行为、因精神障碍导致的急诊就医和住院以及死亡的增加有关——在精神分裂、失智、精神异常和物质滥用群体中尤其如此。 |
| For every 1 degree Celsius (or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) increase in temperature, scientists have estimated that there is a nearly 5 percent increase in the risk of death among patients with psychosis, dementia or substance use. |
| 科学家估计，气温每上升1摄氏度（或1.8华氏度），存在精神失常、失智或物质滥用的病患的死亡风险会上升近5%。 |
| Researchers have reported a 0.7 percent increase in suicides linked to rising temperatures, and about a 4 percent to 6 percent increase in interpersonal violence, including homicides. |
| 有研究报告称与气温上升相关的自杀增加了0.7%，包括凶杀在内的人际暴力行为增加了约4%到6%。 |
| Heat not only fuels feelings like irritability and anger, but also seems to exacerbate mental illnesses, such as anxiety, schizophrenia and depression. Older adults, adolescents and people with pre-existing mental illnesses are particularly vulnerable, as are people who do not have housing or are of lower socioeconomic status. |
| 气温不仅会加剧暴躁和愤怒等情绪，似乎还能导致精神疾病的恶化，如焦虑、精神分裂和抑郁。老年人、青少年和存在既往精神疾病的人尤其容易受影响，没有居所或社会经济地位较低的人也是如此。 |
| A landmark study last year analyzed data on more than two million people with private insurance and found that emergency department visits for mental illnesses were significantly higher during the five or six hottest days of summer, compared with the coolest days of the same season. |
| 去年的一项里程碑研究分析了两百多万私人医保用户的数据，发现在夏天最热的五、六天里，因精神疾病导致的急诊就医要比同一季节里相对清凉的日子多很多。 |
| The increase was greater in northern parts of the United States, perhaps because these areas are less prepared to cope with heat waves than places like the Southwest, said Amruta Nori-Sarma, an environmental epidemiologist at Boston University School of Public Health, who led the study. |
| 主导该研究的波士顿大学公共卫生学校环境流行病学家安鲁塔·诺里-萨玛说，在美国北部的增幅尤其大，可能是因为这些地区对高温天气的准备不像在西南地区那么充分。 |
| The gap was evident across a range of mental health conditions, including mood and anxiety disorders, stress disorders, schizophrenia, substance use disorders and self-harm. “Extreme heat is an external stressor that seems to be exacerbating people’s mental health symptoms,” Dr. Nori-Sarma said. |
| 在许多精神健康问题中都可以看到这种差距，包括情绪和焦虑障碍、压力障碍、精神分裂、物质滥用障碍和自我伤害。“极端高温是一种外部压力因子，似乎会加剧人们的精神健康症状，”诺里-萨玛说。 |
| The effect is likely to be even more pronounced among people with limited or no insurance coverage or who are experiencing homelessness, she added. |
| 在只有有限医保或完全没有医保的人群中，还有无家可归者当中，这种效应可能会更明显。 |
| Scientists have proposed various biological explanations for the connection between soaring temperatures and mental health disorders. At least some of these illnesses may have a simple origin: disrupted sleep. |
| 对于气温上升和精神障碍之间的关联，科学家给出了多种生物学解释。这些疾病最起码会有一个简单的源头：睡眠受干扰。 |
| Room temperature needs to dip below 68 degrees for a comfortable rest. On warmer nights, people fall asleep later and wake up earlier, and the quality of their sleep is poorer. |
| 舒适的休息需要室温在20摄氏度以下。在相对炎热的夜晚，人会更晚入睡，更早醒来，睡眠的质量会更差。 |
| Days or weeks of sleeping in overly warm rooms can not only exacerbate chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease, but also negatively affect psychiatric disorders, suicide risk, memory, mood and cognitive function. |
| 连续数日或数周睡在过热的房间里，不仅会加剧糖尿病、心脏病等慢性疾病，还会对精神障碍、自杀风险、记忆、情绪和认知功能产生负面影响。 |
| Older adults and women are more likely to be affected: One study found that sleep loss among older adults is about twice as high as among younger people. |
| 老年人和女性更有可能受到影响：一项研究发现，老年人的睡眠损失是相对年轻的人的两倍左右。 |
| Some mental health problems may be an extension of physical issues. On a recent afternoon, Dr. Asim Shah, a psychiatrist at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, found that nearly every patient’s pulse or heart rate was higher than it had been three months earlier. |
| 一些心理健康问题可能是身体问题的延伸。最近的一个下午，休斯敦贝勒医学院的精神科医生阿西姆·沙阿博士发现，几乎每个患者的脉搏或心率都比三个月前更高。 |
| “That increase in your heart rate can increase your anxiety,” Dr. Shah said. “So heat causes a lot of physical changes, which leads to a lot of emotional and mental changes.” |
| “心率升高会使你更加焦虑，”沙阿说。“所以热量会导致很多身体变化，从而导致很多情绪和精神变化。” |
| Serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood, anxiety and depression, also regulates the body’s ability to sense temperature. Increased sunlight and heat can raise serotonin levels and may lead to mood swings, aggression and irritability. A range of widely used drugs — including antibiotics, beta blockers, some antidepressants and antihistamines — also affect the body’s ability to sense and regulate body temperature. |
| 血清素是一种与情绪、焦虑和抑郁有关的神经递质，也调节身体感知温度的能力。阳光照射和高温的上升会提高血清素水平，并可能导致情绪波动、攻击性和易怒。一系列广泛使用的药物——包括抗生素、β受体阻滞剂、一些抗抑郁药和抗组胺药——也会影响身体感知和调节体温的能力。 |
| Medications prescribed for schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder, including widely used lithium, impair the body’s ability to sweat and cool itself. Extreme heat and sweating can concentrate levels of lithium in the body to toxic levels, and can lead to serious physical and mental problems and even death, Dr. Shah said. |
| 治疗精神分裂症、抑郁症和双相情感障碍的药物，包括广泛使用的锂，会影响身体出汗和自我冷却的能力。沙阿说，酷热和出汗会使体内的锂含量浓缩到有害水平，并可能导致严重的身体和精神问题，甚至死亡。 |
| “We need to prepare our patients who take these medicines, which interact with sunlight,” he added. “Physicians also need to be more aware.” |
| “我们需要让服用这些药物的患者做好准备，这些药物会与阳光相互作用，”他还说。“医生也需要提高意识。” |
| Other drugs suppress thirst and can result in dangerous levels of dehydration. Alcohol, caffeine and some medications that increase urine output can also lead to dehydration, mental problems and confusion. |
| 还有一些药物会抑制口渴，并可能导致脱水，达到危及生命的程度。酒精、咖啡因和一些增加尿量的药物也会导致脱水、精神问题和紊乱。 |
| And there are indirect routes through which high temperatures can affect mental health, according to Dr. Wortzel. In hot weather, some crops absorb less zinc, iron and other micronutrients. Deficiencies of those nutrients can have psychiatric consequences, including neurodevelopmental disorders. |
| 沃策尔表示，高温还可以通过间接途径影响心理健康。在炎热的天气里，一些作物吸收的锌、铁和其他微量营养素减少。这些营养素的缺乏可能会对精神健康产生后果，包括神经发育障碍。 |
| Rising temperatures are expanding the reach of disease vectors, like ticks, that carry pathogens that may cause psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Heat also increases allergens and pollutants, and worsens air quality, which alone can trigger anxiety and depression. |
| 气温上升正在扩大蜱虫等疾病媒介的传播范围，它们携带可能导致精神疾病和神经系统症状的病原体。高温还会增加过敏原和污染物，并使空气质量恶化，而这本身就会引发焦虑和抑郁。 |
| Heat is only one aspect of climate change, and its immediate effect on mental health can be difficult to extricate from emotions regarding the larger existential threat. |
| 高温只是气候变化的一个方面，它对心理健康的直接影响可能很难与更大的生存威胁引发的情绪分开来看。 |
| Last year, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warned that rising temperatures, displacement, famine and economic and social losses would lead to deep anxiety, grief and stress. Children, adolescents, older adults and those with chronic health problems are particularly vulnerable, the report cautioned. |
| 去年，政府间气候变化专门委员会警告说，气温上升、流离失所、饥荒以及经济和社会损失将导致深度焦虑、悲伤和压力。报告警告说，儿童、青少年、老年人和患有慢性健康问题的人尤其容易受到伤害。 |
| “The heat has very profound effects,” said Dr. Robert Bright, a psychiatrist at Mayo Clinic. This summer, Phoenix, where Dr. Bright is based, experienced temperatures above 110 degrees Fahrenheit for a record 31 consecutive days. |
| “高温会产生非常深远的影响，”梅奥诊所的精神病学家罗伯特·布莱特博士说。今年夏天，布莱特所在的菲尼克斯出现43度以上的高温天数为创纪录的31天。 |
| “People get very overwhelmed and worried about this,” he added. |
| “人们对此感到非常担忧和不知所措，”他还说。 |
| Scientists have coined the term “climate distress” to describe a multitude of feelings triggered by the environmental changes appearing around us: anxiety, terror, sadness, shame, guilt. Those who already have anxiety or are depressed may have an even more difficult time coping. |
| 科学家创造了“气候困扰”一词来描述我们周围出现的由环境变化引发的多种感受：焦虑、恐怖、悲伤、羞耻、内疚。那些已经患有焦虑症或抑郁症的人可能会更难以应对。 |
| “It is unfortunately true that this may be the coolest summer for the rest of our lives, which is unsettling to reckon with,” said Britt Wray, the director of Stanford University’s program on climate change and mental health. |
| 斯坦福大学气候变化和心理健康项目主任布里特·雷表示：“不幸的是，这可能是我们余生中最凉爽的夏天，这令人不安。” |
| People often turn to cognitive behavioral therapy, medications or other strategies to cope with difficult emotions. But “when it comes to the climate crisis, those interventions fall apart, because the threat is real,” not just a matter of perception, she said. |
| 人们经常求助于认知行为疗法、药物或其他策略来应对情绪痛苦。但她说，“但遇到气候危机，这些干预措施就会失效，因为这个威胁是真实存在的，”而不仅仅是感觉问题。 |
| Local governments can help people feel less vulnerable and more empowered by planning for long stretches of hot days. Officials can provide information about the nearest cooling rooms for people without air-conditioning at home. |
| 地方政府可以针对持续炎热天气做好规划，帮助人们减少无助感，为人们赋能。官员可以为家里没有空调的人提供距离最近的凉爽空间的信息。 |
| Dr. Wray said connecting to others with similar worries and taking action at various levels to forestall the worst outcomes can also help alleviate climate distress. |
| 雷表示，与其他有类似担忧的人建立连接，并在各个层面采取行动以防止最坏的结果，也有助于减轻气候灾难。 |
| “People in Phoenix, Ariz., have died just from falling on the pavement and getting third degree burns,” she noted. “That’s the kind of thing that nightmares are made of.” |
| “在亚利桑那州菲尼克斯，有人因跌倒在人行道上并导致三度烧伤而死亡，”她指出。“这都属于做噩梦会梦到的事。” |
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