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| Only three hours before she found herself huddled in the Pacific Ocean, a barrage of embers and ash hurtling above her, Chelsea Denton Fuqua was lounging in bed with a fan, a pristine blue sky outside the window of her home that lies half a mile from the Lahaina waterfront on the Hawaiian island of Maui. |
| 切尔西·丹顿·福卡把身体蜷缩在太平洋里，头顶上飞舞着大量的灰烬。而三个小时前，她还吹着风扇，懒洋洋地躺在床上，她的家在夏威夷的毛伊岛上，距离拉海纳海边数百米，窗外是一片纯净的蓝天。 |
| It was moments later when she caught a glimpse of smoke in the distance. At first it was a wisp, but within minutes it had grown thicker, rippling down the hillside on violent winds. |
| 只过了片刻，她就瞥见远处有烟雾。 起初只是一缕，但几分钟之内就变得越来越浓重，随着狂风沿山坡蔓延开来。 |
| Ms. Denton Fuqua, 32, and her husband were worried. They had received no text alerts, no sirens, no evacuation orders — no sign for her and her neighbors, she said, that Lahaina, a community of 13,000 that was once the capital of the Hawaiian kingdom, was on the cusp of incineration. |
| 32岁的丹顿·福卡和她的丈夫很担心。他们没有收到短信预警，没有警报声，没有人下令撤离——她说，她和邻居没有看到任何迹象表明拉海纳——曾经的夏威夷王都，一个拥有1.3万人的社区——即将化为废墟。 |
| But they knew what could happen in a wildfire. They grabbed a few essentials and prepared to leave in their cars. “People were just like, ‘Oh, are you heading out?’” Ms. Denton Fuqua recalled. “‘All right, be safe.’” |
| 但他们知道野火的威力。他们拿了一些必需品，准备开车离开。“其他人的反应是，’哦，你要出门吗？’”丹顿·福卡回忆道。“‘好吧，注意安全。’” |
| Nearly a week has passed since the inferno that swept West Maui last Tuesday. At least 99 people are confirmed dead, with the toll expected to rise substantially. Thousands of structures, mostly homes, have been reduced to rubble. Husks of incinerated cars line Lahaina’s historic Front Street, while nearby search crews make their way painstakingly from house to house, looking for human remains. |
| 上周二席卷西毛伊岛的大火已经过去了近一周。至少99人已确认死亡，预计死亡人数还会大幅上升。数以千计的建筑物已夷为废墟，其中大部分是民宅。拉海纳历史悠久的前街两旁排列着焚毁的汽车残骸，附近的搜索人员艰难地挨家挨户寻找罹难者。 |
| The fire’s swift rampage and stunning death and destruction are already raising questions about whether there should have been more aggressive management of electrical power as high winds buffeted the island, earlier warnings for residents in the fire’s path and better management of traffic to avert the paralyzing gridlock that funneled many people into a death trap. |
| 火势迅速蔓延，造成的死亡和破坏令人震惊，这已经引发了人们的疑问，即该岛在遭受大风袭击时，是否本应对电力进行更积极的管理，更早地向火势蔓延路径上的居民发出警告，并更好地管理交通以避免堵车，交通瘫痪使许多人陷入了死亡陷阱。 |
| Interviews and video evidence reviewed by The New York Times show that the brush fire that wound up wiping out Lahaina ignited under a snapped power line a full nine hours before it roared through town — flaring up in the afternoon after firefighters had declared it contained. |
| 《纽约时报》查阅的采访和视频证据显示，最终摧毁拉海纳的大火起因是一根断裂的电线，在燃烧整整九小时后，大火开始席卷整个城镇——在消防员宣布火势已得到控制后，下午开始复燃。 |
| Yet in dozens of interviews with people who survived, residents in neighborhood after neighborhood said they had received no warnings before the fire came rushing toward their homes. They told stories of people scrambling to escape along the waterfront and driving past others who were cluelessly frolicking on the beaches. Some stood outside their houses, marveling at what was unfolding, still sipping cocktails. Tourists who got the word packed up and fled their hotels, while others were rolling in with their luggage. |
| 然而在对数十名幸存者的采访中，一个又一个街区的居民表示，在大火向他们的屋子袭来之前，他们没有收到任何警告。他们说，人们沿着海滨拼命逃生，开车经过海滩时，海滩上嬉戏的人对大火毫不知情。有些人站在屋外喝着鸡尾酒，惊讶地看着正在发生的一切。接到消息的游客纷纷收拾行李逃离酒店，而一些拉着行李箱的游客才刚刚到达。 |
| “Nobody saw this coming,” said Mark Stefl, a tile setter. He said his first clue he might be in danger was when his wife spotted flames 500 yards from their house. |
| “没有人想到会发生这种情况，”瓷砖安装工人马克·斯特尔说。他说，他的妻子在距离他们家四五百米的地方发现了火焰，这是让他觉得自己可能面临危险的第一个信号。 |
| As the fire spread further into town, the problems multiplied: Hydrants ran dry as the community’s water system collapsed, according to firefighters. Powerful sirens, tested every month in preparation for such an emergency, never sounded. Lahaina’s 911 system went down. |
| 消防队员称，随着火势进一步蔓延到镇上，各种问题都冒了出来：社区供水系统崩溃，消防栓没有了水。为了应对这种紧急情况，强大的警报器每月都会进行测试，而这次却完全没响。拉海纳的911系统瘫痪了。 |
| Many of those who evacuated said they were corralled by road closures and downed power lines into traffic jams that left some people to burn alive in their cars and forced others to flee into the Pacific. Videos shared with The Times and posted on social media show cars on Front Street crawling in bumper-to-bumper traffic as smoke, embers and debris billow around them. |
| 许多撤离的人表示，他们被道路封闭和落地的电线所困，导致交通堵塞，一些人在车里被活活烧死，还有人被迫跳进太平洋保命。人们发给《纽约时报》并发布在社交媒体上的视频显示，在前街，汽车一辆挨着一辆在车流中缓慢行驶，烟雾、余烬和碎片在汽车周围翻滚。 |
| Government officials have blamed wind gusts that in some cases exceeded 80 miles per hour for fueling the ferocity of the blaze, combined with warming temperatures and drought that left the island’s vast grasslands and brush tinder dry. |
| 政府官员称，大风的时速有时超过130公里，助长了火势，再加上高温和干旱，导致岛上大片的草原和灌木丛干枯。 |
| The prospect of a destructive wildfire has been a growing concern across West Maui for years, as drought has worsened, invasive plants have created huge swaths of highly flammable grasslands, and worsening storms have spawned winds that can fuel fires. All those perils came sharply into focus in the days before Maui’s fire last week, when a hurricane building to the south, with significant winds forecast, created the very conditions that scientists had long warned could be a deadly combination. |
| 多年来，西毛伊岛各地越来越担心发生破坏性野火的可能性，因为干旱加剧，入侵植物繁衍成大片高度易燃的草原，而不断恶化的风暴催生了可能助长火势的大风。上周毛伊岛发生大火数天前，所有这些危险都成为人们关注的焦点，当时南部的飓风正在形成，预计会出现大风，科学家们长期以来警告说，这可能是致命的组合。 |
| Gov. Josh Green of Hawaii has said repeatedly since the fire that climate change is “the ultimate reason that so many people perished.” He has asked the attorney general to conduct a comprehensive review. |
| 自火灾发生以来，夏威夷州州长乔什·格林多次表示，气候变化是“这么多人死亡的根本原因”。他已要求州检察长进行全面核查。 |
| “Over time,” he promised, “we’ll be able to figure out if we could have better protected people.” |
| “随着时间的推移，”他承诺，“我们就能弄清楚我们是否本应能够更好地保护人们。” |
| A power line and a ‘pop’ |
| 一根电线的断裂 |
| It was shortly after sunrise on Aug. 8 and wind was already blustering down Lahaina’s west-facing slope when Shane Treu clambered onto his roof near Lahainaluna Road to repair some damage. Pieces of roofing and heavy panels for a solar water heater had been blown off and were landing on his fence. |
| 8月8日，太阳升起后不久，住在拉海纳路附近的肖恩·特鲁爬上自家屋顶进行修理时，拉海纳的西向斜坡上狂风呼啸。屋顶碎片和太阳能热水器的厚板被掀起，落在他的栅栏上。 |
| That’s when he heard a sound from a nearby power line. |
| 就在那时，他听到附近电线传来声音。 |
| “The wind is still blowing super strong and I hear a pop,” Mr. Treu recounted. “I look and the line is just arcing, laying on the ground and sparking.” The power line, landing in dry grass, was “like a fuse,” he said. It blackened the ground at the base of a power pole and began to ignite nearby yards. |
| “风仍然超级大，我听到啪的一声，”特鲁回忆道。“我一看，那条电线弯曲在地上，还冒着火花。”他说，落在干草上的电线“就像一根导火索”。电线杆底部的地面熏黑了，附近的院子烧了起来。 |
| It was precisely the location where the brush fire that would eventually engulf much of Lahaina was initially reported, at 6:37 a.m., a Times analysis of video and satellite imagery shows. |
| 根据《纽约时报》对视频和卫星图像的分析显示，这正是最早报告这场野火的地点，时间是早上6点37分。野火最终吞噬了拉海纳大部分地区。 |
| Mr. Treu began filming with his phone, panning across three power lines on the ground. One could be seen dangling in charred, smoking grass. “That’s the power line that started it,” he said on the video. In an interview, Mr. Treu said he called 911 as the fire grew, across the street from his house. It took six minutes for the police to arrive, he said, and another six for the firefighters; a water tanker and two front-end loaders arrived to create a fire break. |
| 特鲁开始用手机拍摄，镜头扫过地面上的三根电线。可以看到其中一根在烧焦冒烟的草丛中晃来晃去。“这就是引发事故的电线，”他在视频中说道。特鲁在接受采访时表示，当火势越来越大时，他在他家对面的街道上拨打了911。他说，警察花了六分钟赶到，又过了六分钟，消防员赶到。一辆供水消防车和两台前端装载机抵达现场，开辟出一条防火带。 |
| County officials reported that the fire was “100% contained” by 9 a.m. |
| 县官员报告称，截至上午9点，火势已“100%得到控制”。 |
| Mr. Treu said he resumed his repairs and then had his son drive him to one of his two jobs. In the back of his mind, he found himself wondering whether the fire might flare up again. |
| 特鲁说，他继续进行他的修理工作，然后让儿子开车送他去做另一份工作。他发现自己心里还想着，这火会不会再次烧起来。 |
| It did. |
| 的确如此。 |
| Maui officials put out a news release that said there had been an “apparent flare-up” of the Lahaina fire, and that the Lahaina Bypass — the road constructed in 2013 after residents complained for years that they might be trapped on the town’s single in-and-out road — was closed at around 3:30 p.m. |
| 毛伊岛的官员发布消息，称拉海纳的大火“明显爆发”，拉海纳绕行路于下午3点30分左右关闭。这条路是2013年修建的，多年来居民一直抱怨，进出该镇的公路只有一条，他们可能会被困住。 |
| Mr. Stefl and his wife, Michele Numbers-Stefl, already spotted a fire an hour earlier about 500 yards from their house, a little more than half a mile away from the Treu residence. |
| 斯特弗尔和妻子米歇尔·南波斯-斯特弗尔一小时前在距离他们家500米的地方发现了火情，他们住的地方距离特鲁的住所有八九百米的样子。 |
| “Oh, my God! Pack up the dogs, there’s a fire there!” Ms. Numbers-Stefl yelled to her husband. The flames along Lahainaluna Road inched closer, she said, 100 yards away, then 30 — “a freight train coming down the mountain,” in her husband’s words. |
| “哦，我的上帝！把狗带上，那里着火了！”南波斯-斯特弗尔对丈夫喊道。她说，沿着拉海纳鲁纳路的火焰慢慢逼近，先是不足百米，然后不到30米——用她丈夫的话说，“像一列货运列车从山上冲下来”。 |
| “When I turned around, it was right there — that’s how fast it was,” said Mr. Stefl, 67, a longtime resident who rebuilt after his home was destroyed on the same land in a 2018 wildfire. He said he and his wife “literally ran down the stairs, grabbed cats and dogs and backed up the drive through black smoke, fire, heat, just flying through.” |
| “我一转身，它就来了——就是这么快，”67岁的斯特弗尔说。他是这里的老居民了，2018年的一场野火摧毁了他的房子，之后他在原地进行了重建。他说，他和妻子“跑下楼，抓起猫和狗，冒着黑烟、大火和热浪，在车道上飞快地把车倒了出去逃命”。 |
| Had the authorities sent them any alerts or warnings? |
| 当局给他们发过警报或警告吗？ |
| “Oh, hell no.” |
| “根本没有。” |
| From land and sea, people stood stunned as the once-flickering grass fire near Lahainaluna Road appeared to balloon into a monster. In the upper floor office at his coffee warehouse in the center of Lahaina, next to a chocolate factory and a liquor store, J.D. Sheveland, 58, eyed the firestorm through his window as he paid bills and did paperwork. |
| 从陆地到海洋，人们都目瞪口呆地看着拉海纳鲁纳路附近一度只是零星闪烁的草丛大火似乎膨胀成一个怪物。58岁的J·D·舍夫兰的咖啡仓库位于拉海纳市中心，毗邻一家巧克力工厂和一家酒类专卖店，在楼上的办公室里，他一边支付账单和处理文件，一边透过窗户注视着这场大火。 |
| The wind sent wooden pallets flying across parking lots, he said, and tore pieces from the new affordable housing complex. He looked toward the northeast at 3 p.m. and, like Ms. Denton Fuqua, saw wisps of smoke rising. |
| 他说，大风把木托盘吹过停车场，从新建的经济适用房建筑上撕下碎片。下午3点，他向东北方向望去，和丹顿·福卡一样，他看到缕缕烟雾升起。 |
| At 3:25 p.m., Mr. Sheveland captured footage of gray smoke starting to flow over the residential streets. Within 20 minutes, his video clips showed the smoke growing ever darker. In a video shot at 3:49 p.m. and posted on the photo sharing website Imgur days later, cars could be seen driving through clouds of smoke on Honoapiilani Highway in the direction of downtown Lahaina. |
| 下午3点25分，舍夫兰拍到灰色烟雾开始在居民区街道上蔓延的画面。在20分钟内，他拍摄的视频片段显示，烟雾越来越浓。在下午3点49分拍摄，并于几天后发布在照片分享网站Imgur上的一段视频中，可以看到一辆辆汽车穿过霍诺阿皮拉尼高速公路上的烟云，向拉海纳市中心方向行驶。 |
| By 4:14 p.m., Mr. Sheveland, still in his office, could see flames leaping above the rooftops of homes as the blaze tore through the neighborhood, edging closer to the waterfront. |
| 下午4点14分，仍在办公室的舍夫兰可以看到，大火席卷了整个社区，逼近了海滨，火焰从屋顶上跃起。 |
| Tourists were left in confusion. At the landmark Lahaina Shores Beach Resort, Breanna and Glenn Gill had arrived for their vacation to discover that the power was out and that there was no cellphone service, but they had not heard about the fire; the guests and staff seemed to have even less information than they did. |
| 游客们陷入了混乱。在地标性建筑拉海纳海岸海滩度假村，布里安娜和格伦·吉尔刚抵达就发现停电了，手机也没有信号，但他们没有听说火灾的事；其他客人和工作人员似乎知道的还没有他们多。 |
| At 4:17 p.m., they said, an emergency alert blared from their phones, awakening them from a nap and informing them of the fire for the first time. “Evacuate your family and pets now, do not delay,” it read. “Expect conditions that may make driving difficult.” |
| 他们说，下午4点17分，手机里响起了紧急警报，把他们从午睡中惊醒，并第一次通知他们发生了火灾。“马上疏散家人和宠物，不要拖延，”警报写道。“预计险情会给开车带来困难。” |
| The Gills credit the message with potentially saving them from disaster. Even as they fled the hotel, other people were checking in. As they drove toward Kahului Airport — a slow, gridlocked drive that included dodging downed power lines — they saw a few tourists on the side of the road going swimming. |
| 吉尔夫妇认为，他们之所以幸免于难恐怕要感谢这条信息。就在他们逃离酒店的时候，其他人还在登记入住。驱车前往卡胡卢伊机场时，他们看到路边有几个游客在游泳。车速缓慢，交通堵塞，途中还得躲避掉落的电线。 |
| “It was very clear nobody had any idea how dangerous the coastline was at this point, or how dangerous the road conditions were,” Ms. Gill said. She believes they were quicker to leave because they are both from the Western United States and familiar with how dangerous and fast-moving wildfires can be. |
| “很明显，当时没有人知道此时的海岸线有多危险，也没有人知道路况有多危险，”吉尔说。她认为，他们之所以能迅速离开，是因为他们都来自美国西部，并且熟悉野火的危险性和快速蔓延的程度。 |
| Still, she wonders: What if they had turned their phones off? |
| 不过，她忍不住想：如果当时他们手机关机了呢？ |
| As Ms. Denton Fuqua and her husband fled their house, police officers directed them away from the main arteries out of town and toward Front Street, the historic commercial street that runs along the ocean. Cars were bumper to bumper, and moving at a crawl. Electrical wires flailed overhead and the smoke was choking. |
| 当丹顿·福卡和丈夫逃离家园时，警察引导他们离开出城的主干道，把车开到前街，这条沿海而建的商业街有着悠久的历史。汽车一辆接一辆，缓慢地移动着。电线在头顶晃动，烟雾令人窒息。 |
| Finally, they decided to leave their cars in a garage and ran toward the ocean, hoping for clearer air. But debris was flying and small fires were cropping up around them, so they jumped into a stranger’s car for a brief respite from the smoke. Again they got stuck in traffic; again they got out. |
| 最后，他们决定把车停在车库里，跑向大海，希望能呼吸到更新鲜的空气。但周围碎石横飞，小火不断，他们跳进一辆陌生人的车里，想暂时逃离浓烟。结果他们又被堵在路上；随后又下了车。 |
| By 5:15 p.m., they were cowering between a magic shop and a pizzeria on Front Street, a raging fire and a wall of smoke behind them. In front of them was a long line of cars, gridlocked, and then a short stone wall, and then the ocean. They tried to breathe through their shirts to mask the smoke. |
| 下午5点15分，他们躲在前街一家魔术店和一家披萨店之间，身后是熊熊大火和浓烟。他们前面是一长串汽车，堵得水泄不通，再往前是一堵矮石墙，再往前是大海。他们试图用衬衫捂住口鼻呼吸，遮挡烟雾。 |
| Nearby, firefighters arrived to confront the fire near Mr. Sheveland’s coffee warehouse. As soon as they were gone, flames kicked up again in a field across the street. He grabbed a fire extinguisher and rushed outside. “I’m standing out there trying to put the little fire out and I start hearing, like, a jet engine,” he remembered. “The fire was sucking wind in. It turned into a firestorm right then and there.” |
| 附近的消防员赶到现场，扑灭了舍夫兰咖啡仓库一带的大火。他们一走，街对面的田野里又烧了起来。他抓起灭火器冲出去。“我当时正站在外面，想把火扑灭，然后我就开始听到像飞机发动机一般的声音，”他回忆说。“大火把风吸进来。就在那个时候，那个地方，它变成了一场火风暴。” |
| At around 5:30 p.m., he made a run for it. He climbed into his Dodge pickup and, in a caravan of three vehicles carrying seven employees and relatives, dashed down Keawe Street, just off the bypass road, toward the main highway. But the highway was closed, he said, covered with live power lines. Stuck, he turned toward the ocean, jumped the curb, rolled over a grassy area and into a Safeway parking lot. |
| 下午5点半左右，他跑了出去。他爬上自己的道奇皮卡，和另外两辆载着七名员工和亲戚的车辆一起，沿着绕行路不远的基韦街向主干道冲去。但他说，高速公路已经关闭，布满了带电的电线。受阻后，他转向大海，冲过路沿，驶过一片草地，进入西夫韦停车场。 |
| He soon realized that the only road out of town was Front Street — but hardly anyone was getting out of town that way. Traffic would move a little bit and stop, move and stop. |
| 他很快意识到出城的唯一道路是前街——但几乎没有人走这条路出城。车流稍微移动一下，然后停下来，移动一下，然后又停下来。 |
| In his rearview mirror, he could see the firestorm sweeping into Lahaina. Somehow, around 6 p.m., the cars began moving. He escaped. |
| 从后视镜里，他可以看到大火席卷了拉海纳。不知为什么，下午6点左右，汽车开始移动。他逃脱了。 |
| By then, dozens of people, barely able to see through the smoke along Front Street, were perched on the edge of the sea wall, struggling to breathe. |
| 那个时候，有几十个人站在防波堤边上，难以呼吸，几乎无法透过前街的烟雾看到任何东西。 |
| “We couldn’t see people, but I heard people throwing up, screaming,” said Ydriss Nouara, a sales manager at a local hotel who was fleeing on a scooter with a neighbor. He said he watched as a pit bull threw itself into the water. He called 911, and the operator urged them to get into the water, too. |
| “我们看不到人，但我听到有人呕吐、尖叫，”当地一家酒店的销售经理伊德里斯·努瓦拉说，他和邻居一起踩着滑板车逃出来。他说他看到一只斗牛犬跳进了水里。他拨打了911，接线员敦促他们也下水。 |
| He watched from a jetty as boats in the harbor caught on fire and swirled around in circles, their masts ablaze. |
| 他在码头上看到港口里的船只着火了，绕着圈子打转，桅杆在燃烧。 |
| Ms. Denton Fuqua and her husband had also clambered into the ocean. “We were with a bunch of people praying — kids were crying,” she remembered. “People were letting their pets go because they couldn’t carry them and cover their mouths.” |
| 丹顿·福卡和丈夫也跳进了海里。“我们和一群人在一起祈祷——孩子们在哭，”她回忆。“人们把宠物放走了，因为不能抱着它们，也不能捂着它们的嘴。” |
| It was so dark that, at times, she could not see her husband, right next to her. Dozens of strangers floated around her, some holding planks to remain afloat. Embers would land in their hair and they would dunk their heads underwater to avoid catching fire. |
| 天太黑了，有时她甚至看不见身边的丈夫。几十个陌生人漂浮在她周围，一些人拿着木板保持漂浮。余烬落在他们的头发上，他们把自己的头浸在水里以免着火。 |
| “It was like a flamethrower on the town,” she said. “It was as if some person or mythical thing had a blowtorch and was just taking it to our whole entire town.” |
| “就像镇上有一个火焰喷射器，”她说。“就好像有人或者什么神话里的东西拿着喷灯，对着我们整个小镇喷射。” |
| Finally, they swam northwest along the shore to Baby Beach, a local landmark, and managed to reach safety. |
| 最后，他们沿着海岸，向西北方向游到了当地的地标——婴儿海滩，并设法到达了安全的地方。 |
| By that time, a 45-foot Coast Guard cutter had approached the Lahaina breakwater, a little after 6 p.m. It was slow going: The smoke was so thick that the coxswain could not see the bow of the ship. |
| 到那时，下午6点刚过，一艘14米长的海岸警卫队快艇接近了拉海纳防波堤。船开得很慢：烟太浓了，舵手看不见船头。 |
| As they eased in, trying to avoid running aground in the wind and waves, the crew began casting rope lines through the smoke, feeling some of them grow taut as people grabbed them on the other end. They pulled them in. Seven people were saved. |
| 为了避免在风浪中搁浅，船员们在烟雾中抛撒绳索，如果有人抓住绳索的另一端，他们就会感到绳索绷紧。他们把水中的人拉上来。共有七人获救。 |
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