中国政府出台促进消费措施，鼓励民众花钱_OK阅读网
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中国政府出台促进消费措施，鼓励民众花钱
China Is Trying to Make Its Gloomy Consumers Spend More

来源：纽约时报    2023-08-01 10:10



        Chinese drivers who trade in older cars for newer models will be eligible for subsidies, as will rural households that buy insulation and other home renovation materials to improve energy efficiency. Entrance fees at scenic sites will be cut to promote tourism.
        中国的开车族以旧换新购买新车时将有资格获得补贴，同样，农村家庭为提高能效购买隔热材料和其他家居装修材料时也将有资格获得补贴。为促进旅游业，景区门票也将降价。
        Those were a few of a long list of measures detailed on Monday by the Chinese government in an effort to stimulate consumer spending. Attempts by officials in Beijing to juice the economy have taken on greater urgency as it has become clear that the recovery is flagging.
        这些只是中国政府周一推出的刺激消费措施的一部分。随着经济复苏明显乏力，政府官员提振经济的努力也变得更加紧迫。
        Li Chunlin, vice chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission, acknowledged at a news conference that consumers are wary. “Some consumers lack confidence and have many concerns,” he said.
        国家发展和改革委员会副主任李春临在记者会上承认，消费者对花钱持谨慎态度。“一些居民消费信心不强、顾虑不少，”他说。
        Real estate prices have tumbled, leaving many Chinese feeling poorer and less willing to spend. Youth unemployment reached 21.3 percent in June, leaving them and their nervous parents more cautious about spending. After two decades of brisk increases, wages have stagnated.
        房地产价格暴跌让许多中国人感觉变穷了，降低了他们花钱的意愿。今年6月份的青年人失业率达到了21.3%，让他们及其忧心忡忡的父母对花钱更加谨慎。工资在经过20年的快速增长后已停滞下来。
        Economists have said that policies to encourage Chinese consumers to spend are greatly needed, but largely met the government’s plans with skepticism.
        经济学家们表示，虽然非常需要推出鼓励中国消费者消费的政策，但他们对政府推出的方案基本上持怀疑态度。
        The development commission, China’s top economic planning agency, did not indicate how much national government spending would be provided to support the measures, meaning their cost will likely fall to local budgets.
        中国的最高经济规划机构发改委没有说明中央政府将为支持刺激措施提供多少支出，这意味着推动消费的成本可能会落入地方预算。
        “These measures don’t make it look like the central government is planning to pay for any of this,” said Michael Pettis, an economist at the Carnegie-China Center.
        “这些措施让人觉得中央政府并不打算为它们中的任何一个付钱，”卡内基中国中心的经济学家迈克尔·佩蒂斯说。
        With the exception of Beijing and Shanghai, as well as Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, most of the local governments in China are in a precarious financial condition. Many are struggling to pay civil servants’ salaries and interest on debts, much less to pay for new consumption subsidies.
        除北京、上海以及广东、福建两省外，中国大部分地方财政吃紧。许多地方政府在公务员工资和偿还债务利息方面已经遇到困难，更不用说提供新的消费补贴了。
        The measures announced on Monday were vaguely described. For cars, the national government told local governments to “increase financial support for auto consumption” and “encourage the trade-in of old ones,” without providing specifics. The government is not sending cash directly to consumers.
        政府对周一宣布的刺激措施描述含糊。就汽车而言，中央政府要求地方政府“加强汽车消费金融支持”，“畅通二手车市场流通”，但没有给出具体做法。政府没有直接把现金发给消费者。
        The government also promised to make it easier for people to sell and register used cars. But easing the obstacles to transferring car ownership could prompt more people to see inexpensive used cars as alternatives to new ones, adding fuel to a price discounting war for new cars already underway in the Chinese car industry, said Tu Le, the managing director of Sino Auto Insights, a Beijing consulting firm.
        政府还承诺让二手车的交易登记变得容易。但降低汽车所有权转让的障碍可能会带来另一个问题，会让更多的人将便宜的二手车视为替代购买新车的选择，给中国汽车行业已经展开的新车降价战火上浇油，北京的咨询公司Sino Auto Insights董事总经理涂乐说。
        Some of the policies that were announced Monday are also not new. The planning agency, for example, called for adding elevators to older apartment buildings — a national program that former Premier Li Keqiang proposed in a speech in May 2020, which is already well underway.
        周一宣布的一些政策也不新。例如，发改委呼吁为老旧公寓楼加装电梯，这是前总理李克强在2020年5月的一次讲话中提出的国家计划，早已在实施中。
        Surveys of consumer confidence, among the best barometers of households’ willingness to spend, plummeted during a two-month lockdown in Shanghai, China’s most populous city, in the spring of 2022. Confidence barely began to recover in the early months of this year, even after the central government lifted lockdowns nationwide in early December.
        消费者信心指数是衡量家庭消费意愿的最佳晴雨表。2022年春，在上海这个中国人口最多的城市长达两个月的封城期间，中国的消费者信心指数大幅下降。尽管中央政府于去年12月初在全国范围取消了封锁措施，但消费者信心似乎并未在今年头几个月出现恢复。
        China’s National Bureau of Statistics has responded to the weak data by halting the public release of any monthly readings of consumer confidence past March, discontinuing a series that it launched 33 years ago.
        面对疲弱的消费者信心，中国国家统计局做出的回应是，停止公布今年3月以来的月度消费者信心指数，终止了统计局33年前开始发布的这个数据系列。
        China’s approach to stimulating consumer spending differs considerably from the tactics embraced by the United States and other advanced economies during the pandemic: sending checks to consumers. That approach produced soaring trade deficits in the West, as households spent heavily on manufactured goods imported from China, like consumer electronics or exercise equipment.
        与美国和其他发达经济国家在疫情期间给消费者发现金的做法相比，中国刺激消费者支出的办法有很大的不同。西方国家的做法导致它们的贸易逆差飙升，因为西方国家的家庭花了很多钱购买从中国进口的制成品，例如消费电子产品或健身器材。
        Instead, China’s policies provide incentives for the purchase of goods and services that are almost entirely produced in China, from electric cars and household appliances to domestic tourism. That is in keeping with the longstanding policy impulse in China to assist the industrial businesses that also power its exports.
        而中国的政策为购买几乎完全是国产的商品和服务提供奖励措施，包括从电动汽车、家用电器到国内旅游等。这符合中国长期以来的政策冲动，即给那些同时为出口提供动力的工业企业提供帮助。
        Louise Loo, an economist in the Singapore office of Oxford Economics, said that China might be making the right approach in choosing subsidies for specific kinds of consumer spending, rather than direct cash assistance. Sending checks to nervous households might prompt them just to put the money in the bank.
        牛津经济研究院驻新加坡的经济学家卢姿蕙(Louise Loo)说，中国选择为特定类型的消费支出提供补贴，而不是直接给消费者提供现金帮助，这种做法可能是正确的。给忧心忡忡的家庭发现金可能会导致他们将钱存起来。
        Direct cash handouts “could well just substitute for what they would have spent anyway and allow them to save more of their own money,” she said.
        直接发现金“可能会取代他们本来会花的钱，让他们把更多自己的钱存起来”，卢姿蕙说。
        Also on Monday, the government released more economic data that underlined why China’s policymakers are concerned: Surveys of purchasing managers indicated that the country’s vast manufacturing sector was on track in July to shrink for the fourth straight month.
        政府在周一还发布了更多经济数据。这些数据凸显了中国决策者们为什么担心：对采购经理人的调查显示，中国庞大的制造业今年7月份继续萎缩，这是连续第四个月萎缩。
        More worrisome, growth in service sectors slowed markedly in July. That was mainly because of considerable weakness in construction, which has been dragged down by widespread delays over the past two years in the completion of new apartments.
        更令人担忧的是，服务业的增长已在7月份明显放缓，主要原因是建筑业相当疲软。新公寓的完工在过去两年里普遍出现拖延，拖累了建筑业。
        
        
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