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| A few years ago, China cracked down on video games. Then it imposed limits on livestreaming by children. Now China wants them to spend less time on their smartphones. |
| 几年前，中国严厉打击电子游戏，之后又限制儿童观看网络直播。现在中国希望他们减少花在智能手机上的时间。 |
| The country’s internet regulator this week proposed regulations that if adopted as written would require smartphones, apps and app stores to build a “minor mode” into their products. The aim is to restrict how long children can spend on their phones and what content they can read or watch. |
| 中国互联网监管机构本周提出一项规定，如果通过，按照字面规定，智能手机、应用程序和应用程序商店将被要求在其产品中内置“未成年人模式”，目的是限制儿童使用手机的时间以及限制他们可以阅读或观看的内容。 |
| The proposal, which is open for public comment, would expand the Chinese government’s efforts to regulate aspects of children’s online activity that it has deemed to be negative influences, experts said. |
| 专家表示，该提案正在征求公众意见，在中国政府认为具有负面影响的儿童上网活动方面，监管力度将加大。 |
| “The state in China sees itself as being the foremost authority on how children’s media consumption should be managed,” said Sun Sun Lim, a professor communication and technology at Singapore Management University. |
| 新加坡管理大学传播与科技学教授林珊珊表示：“中国政府认为自己是儿童的媒体使用管理的最高权威。” |
| The proposal says the minor mode feature would try to prevent “internet addiction” by limiting children younger than 8 to 40 minutes of smartphone time a day. The time limit would increase with age, reaching two hours daily for those ages 16 to 18. |
| 该提案称，未成年人模式将限制八岁以下儿童每天使用智能手机的时间在40分钟以内，以此尝试防止“网络沉迷”。时间上限会随着年龄的增长而升高，16至18岁青少年每天上网时长可达两小时。 |
| Apps would also have to tailor their content for different age groups. Children younger than 3, for example, should be shown nursery rhymes and programs that can be watched with parents, according to documents from the Cyberspace Administration of China. Those between 8 and 12 could be offered videos about life skills, general knowledge, age-appropriate news and “entertainment content for positive guidance.” |
| 应用程序还必须针对不同年龄组定制内容。例如，根据中国国家互联网信息办公室的文件，应该给三岁以下的儿童播放可以与父母一起观看的童谣和节目。可以为八岁到12岁之间的人提供有关生活技能、通识教育、适合本年龄段认知能力的新闻资讯和“具有正向引导意义的娱乐性内容”的视频。 |
| The proposal says users would be able to choose whether to use minor mode when a smartphone was turned on or first set up. |
| 该提案称，当智能手机打开或首次设置时，用户将能够选择是否使用未成年人模式。 |
| Some smartphones and apps already offer features that try to curb their use by children, and China’s plan would provide an “additional layer of parental control,” said Barry Ip, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire in Britain who has researched technology use in China. |
| 英国赫特福德郡大学高级讲师巴里·叶表示，一些智能手机和应用程序已经提供了试图限制儿童使用的功能，而中国的计划将提供“额外的一层家长控制”。 |
| The proposal builds on a 2019 directive by China’s internet regulator that video and livestreaming apps create “anti-addiction systems for young people” — what the agency called a “youth mode.” |
| 该提案基于中国互联网监管机构2019年的一项指令，要求视频和直播应用程序创建“青少年防沉迷系统”——该机构称之为“青少年模式”。 |
| Dozens of video apps including Douyin — the Chinese version of TikTok — have features that limit children to 40 minutes a day on their apps and lock them out from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m., as well as restrict the content they can see. |
| 包括抖音在内的数十种视频应用程序都限制儿童每天的使用时间不得超过40分钟，晚10点至早6点禁用，并限制他们可以看到的内容。 |
| There are technical challenges in restricting how children use their phones. |
| 限制儿童使用手机的方式存在技术挑战。 |
| The Shanghai Consumers Council investigated 20 apps this year and found that some of their controls were lacking or unusable. Some apps showed no content at all when “youth mode” was turned on or showed videos that were “overly monotonous and dry,” the report found. The study found that one app that claimed to recommend different videos to children based on their age showed 4-year-olds the same cartoons as 14-year-olds. |
| 上海市消费者委员会今年对20款应用程序进行了调查，发现其中一些控制功能缺失或无法使用。报告发现，一些应用程序在打开“青少年模式”后根本不显示任何内容，或者显示的视频“过于单调和乏味”。研究发现，一款声称会根据儿童年龄推荐不同视频的应用程序，向四岁的孩子展示的动画片与14岁孩子的相同。 |
| The Chinese government heavily regulates and even censors what people see on the internet in the country. The new proposal could increase the authorities’ control, said Eric Lim, a senior lecturer in information systems and technology at the University of New South Wales. |
| 中国政府严格监管甚至审查人们在国内互联网上看到的内容。新南威尔士大学信息系统和技术高级讲师埃里克·林表示，新提案可能会加强当局的控制。 |
| “The question becomes, who’s going to be the final arbiter of what constitutes good or appropriate content for a certain age group?” he said. |
| “问题是，谁来最终裁定什么内容对于某个年龄段是好的或合适的？”他说。 |
| It was unclear how the measures set out in the proposal would be enforced, Sun Sun Lim said, though she added that the regulatory effort reflected parents’ anxieties about their children’s smartphone use. |
| 林珊珊表示，目前尚不清楚提案中规定的措施将如何执行，但她补充说，监管努力反映了家长对孩子使用智能手机的担忧。 |
| The proposal has received a mixed reception online. Some commended the move, lamenting the negative influence of unfettered internet access on young people. |
| 该提案在网上收到的评价褒贬不一。一些人赞扬了这一举措，并感叹不受限制的互联网接入给年轻人带来的负面影响。 |
| “I’ve seen a lot of children full of vulgar slang and swear words, showing disrespectful gestures to others every day,” one commenter on Weibo said. “They may not even know what it means! They just copy the trend from the internet.” |
| “我见过好多小孩满嘴烂梗满嘴脏话，天天对着别人电摇的，”微博上的一位评论者说。“他们可能都不知道是什么意思，就是从网上看来了然后跟风。” |
| But others criticized the proposal for being overly strict or failing to address why children spend so much time on their phones. |
| 但也有人批评该提案过于严格，或者未能触及孩子们花这么多时间在手机上的原因。 |
| Wang Renping, who has three million followers on Weibo, posted that “treating youths like infants” would result in people growing up as “adult babies.” |
| 拥有300万微博粉丝的王人平发帖称，“拿青少年当婴儿管”会导致他们长大成为“巨婴”。 |
| “Can’t you develop some cultural and recreational projects fit for children?” another Weibo commenter said. “Or implement labor laws to give parents more time?” |
| “你搞点小孩子能接受的文化娱乐项目不好吗？”另一位微博评论者说道。“贯彻劳动法让大人们多一些时间不好吗？” |
| In 2019, China limited how long children could play video games to 90 minutes a day on school nights and three hours a day on weekends. This was tightened to three hours per week in 2021. Last year, it barred young people under the age of 16 from livestreaming, and minors from paying livestreamers online. |
| 2019年，中国将孩子非节假日夜间玩电子游戏的时间限制为每天90分钟，周末每天玩电子游戏的时间限制为三小时。2021年，这一规定收紧至每周三个小时。去年，该规定禁止16岁以下的年轻人进行直播，并禁止未成年人在网上向主播打赏。 |
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