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| The Senate on Tuesday voted overwhelmingly to block businesses based in China from purchasing farmland in the United States and place new mandates on Americans investing in the country’s national security industries, taking the first legislative steps of the new Congress to counter Beijing’s espionage activities and curtail its economic power. |
| 周二，参议院以压倒性多数的表决结果禁止总部位于中国的企业购买美国农地，并对投资涉及中国国家安全产业的美国人实施新规定，这是新一届国会为打击中国间谍活动并削弱其经济实力所采取的首批立法措施。 |
| The provisions, which would need to clear the House to become law, are a far cry from more ambitious efforts to target China’s economy through export controls and undermine its intelligence gathering and influence operations in the United States through a TikTok ban or other restrictions. But they represent a significant opening salvo for the Senate, where lawmakers have struggled for months to capitalize on widespread enthusiasm on Capitol Hill for taking action against China. |
| 与通过出口管制制裁中国经济、靠封禁TikTok或其他限制措施打击中国在美国的情报收集和影响行动等更加强有力的举措相比，这些条款的力度相去甚远，需要在众议院获得通过才能成为法律。但这对参议院来说是一个重要发端，近几个月来，议员们一直苦于难以利用国会山对中国采取行动的普遍热情。 |
| By broad bipartisan margins, senators voted to add the measures to the annual defense policy bill. One, which passed by a vote of 91 to 7, would ban the sale of farmland to certain foreign adversaries to bar businesses based in or working as agents of China, Russia, Iran and North Korea from purchasing a controlling interest in U.S. farmland or other agribusiness. A second, which was approved 91 to 6, would require Americans to notify the Treasury Department within 14 days of making any investments in the national security industries of those four countries, including artificial intelligence, semiconductors and hypersonics production. |
| 两党参议员以绝大多数票将这些法案纳入了年度国防政策法案。其中一项以91票赞成、7票反对的结果获得通过，该法案将禁止向特定对手国家出售农地，以防总部设在中国、俄罗斯、伊朗和朝鲜的企业或其代理人收购美国农地或其他农业企业的控股权。另一项法案以91票赞成、6票反对通过，要求美国人在对上述四国的国家安全产业进行任何投资后，必须在14天内告知财政部，这些产业包括人工智能、半导体和高超音速设备生产。 |
| “This is a critical step toward making sure we aren’t handing over valuable American assets to foreign entities who want to replace us as the world’s leading military and economic power,” Senator Jon Tester, Democrat of Montana and co-author of the farmland measure, said on the Senate floor. |
| “这关键的一步将确保我们不会把宝贵的美国资产交给那些想要取代我们，成为全球第一军事和经济强国的外国实体，”蒙大拿州民主党参议员、农地禁售法案的联合起草人乔恩·泰斯特在参议院发言时表示。 |
| The measures gained traction in recent months as lawmakers sought to build on the momentum of an industrial policy bill enacted last year, which directed sweeping investments toward the U.S. semiconductor industry. The farmland measure, aimed at clamping down on China’s ability to gain vantage points for intelligence gathering in the United States, received particular focus after the incursion of a Chinese spy balloon over U.S. airspace. |
| 随着议员们寻求在去年一项将大量投资引向美国半导体行业的产业政策法案基础上再接再厉，这些法案在近几个月受到了普遍重视。关于农地的法案旨在打击中国在美获得有利位置增加情报收集能力，该法案在中国间谍气球入侵美国领空后受到了特别关注。 |
| “It’s no exaggeration to say that we’ve helped build their economy into a near-peer status, helped them finance a military that threatens us and our allies in the Indo-Pacific,” Senator John Cornyn, Republican of Texas and co-author of the measure tracking investments, said on the Senate floor. “We need to understand as policymakers exactly what is going on.” |
| “毫不夸张地说，是我们帮他们把经济发展到近乎同等的规模，让他们有资本打造出威胁到我们和我们印太地区盟友的军队，”得州共和党参议员约翰·科宁在参议院表示，他是追踪投资法案的联合起草人。“作为政策制定者，我们需要明白到底发生了什么。” |
| The legislation mirrors efforts by the Biden administration, which has for many months been working on an executive order forcing venture capital and private equity firms making investments in China to share more information with the government, as well as prohibit investments outright in a few key sectors that could be crucial to military prowess, like quantum computing and artificial intelligence. |
| 这项立法反映了拜登政府的努力，长久以来，拜登政府一直在制定一项行政命令，迫使在华投资的风险资本和私募股权公司跟政府分享更多信息，并完全禁止对量子计算和人工智能等可能对军事实力至关重要的几个关键领域进行直接投资。 |
| Supporters see the measure as important for closing a loophole in American economic defenses against China: The United States currently restricts exports of certain advanced technologies to China, but it does not prohibit partnerships that help to fund the development of those technologies within China itself. |
| 支持者认为，该法案对于堵上美国对华经济防御的漏洞意义重大：美国目前限制了某些先进技术的对华出口，但并没有禁止在中国境内为这些技术研发提供资金的伙伴关系。 |
| Financial firms and others have pushed back against the restrictions, saying that measures that are too broad could cause economic damage and put U.S. companies at a disadvantage against global competitors, who could rush into the Chinese market to take their place. |
| 金融机构和其他企业反对这些限制措施，称打击范围过于宽泛可能会造成经济损失，并导致美国企业在全球竞争对手面前处于不利地位，后者可能会抢占中国市场，取代美国企业的位置。 |
| But the rules are largely finalized and could be issued in the coming weeks or months, according to people familiar with the plans. |
| 但据知情人士透露，相关规定已经基本敲定，可能会在未来几周或几个月内出台。 |
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