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| The Korean War broke out when a Soviet-backed, Communist North invaded the pro-American southern territory of the Korean Peninsula in 1950, leading to one of the most harrowing conflicts of the 20th century and setting the tone of the Cold War in Asia. |
| 1950年，苏联支持的共产主义朝鲜入侵亲美的朝鲜半岛南部领土，爆发朝鲜战争，导致了20世纪最惨烈的军事冲突之一，并为亚洲的冷战奠定了基调。 |
| Despite American officials who initially described the Communist invaders as little more than “bandits,” the war dragged on for three disastrous years. Troops from both sides massacred civilians. Rival villagers slaughtered each other. The American-led United Nations forces suffered a crushing defeat when the North Koreans swept down the peninsula in 1950, occupying Seoul, the South Korean capital, before they were pushed back to the north. |
| 尽管美国官员最初称共产党入侵者不过是“强盗”，但战争持续了三年，造成了灾难性的后果。双方军队都屠杀平民。敌对的村民互相残杀。1950年，朝鲜军队横扫半岛，占领了韩国首都首尔，以美国为首的联合国军遭到了惨败，之后，朝鲜军队又被赶回北方。 |
| Between 2 million and 3 million people — including 36,500 American troops — were estimated to have been killed. China’s intervention on the North’s behalf led to a stalemate between the two sides, and the fighting was halted roughly along the 38th Parallel after a truce was signed on July 27, 1953. But with no formal peace treaty ever established, the two Koreas technically remain at war. |
| 据估计，有200万到300万人丧生，其中包括3.65万名美军士兵。中国代表朝鲜进行的干预导致双方陷入僵局，1953年7月27日停战协议签署后，战斗大致在三八线沿线停止。但由于从未签订过正式的和平条约，严格说来，朝韩两国仍处于战争状态。 |
| Hostilities between the North and South have escalated in recent years. Kim Jong-un, the North’s dynastic ruler, has threatened to use nuclear weapons should fighting begin again. |
| 朝韩之间的敌对行动近年来不断升级。朝鲜的世袭统治者金正恩曾威胁，如果再次开战，他将使用核武器。 |
| On the 70th anniversary of the armistice, The New York Times revisited the early days of the conflict by going through archival photos taken by American and South Korean war photographers. Here is a selection, beginning with an image of American Marines running past the body of an enemy soldier in September 1950. That month, General Douglas MacArthur’s U.N. forces surprised the North Koreans with a daring amphibious landing at Incheon, west of Seoul, turning the tide of the war. |
| 在停战70周年之际，《纽约时报》查阅美韩战地摄影师拍摄的档案照片，重温了冲突初期的情景。以下是部分精选照片，第一张是1950年9月，美国海军陆战队员跑过一名敌方士兵的尸体的场景。当月，道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军率领的联合国军在首尔以西的仁川进行了一次大胆的两栖登陆，令朝鲜大吃一惊，从而扭转了战局。 |
| This undated photo from North Korea’s official news service purportedly shows North Korean soldiers in action during the war. The North Koreans claimed they started the war in the name of reunifying the Korean nation: the pro-Soviet North and the pro-American South. |
| 这张未注明日期的照片来自朝鲜官方新闻机构，据称是朝鲜士兵在战争期间的行动。朝鲜声称，他们发动这场战争是为了朝鲜民族的统一，也就是亲苏的朝鲜和亲美的韩国的统一。 |
| American B-29 Superfortress bombers dropping their payloads during the conflict. The United States still occasionally sends strategic bombers flying over the peninsula when it wants to warn North Korea against military provocations. |
| 冲突期间，美国B-29超级堡垒轰炸机空投炸弹。今天，美国偶尔仍会派出战略轰炸机飞越朝鲜半岛，警告朝鲜不要进行军事挑衅。 |
| Villagers waving a South Korean flag at troops heading to the front in January 1951. After the Incheon landing, American troops pushed their Communist enemies to the north. By January 1951, they were retreating south again after China entered the war. |
| 1951年1月，村民们向开赴前线的部队挥舞韩国国旗。在仁川登陆后，美军将共产党敌人逼向北方。1951年1月，中国参战后，美军再次向南撤退。 |
| North Korean civilians in Pyongyang surveying the aftermath of a bombing by American planes. More than a million North Koreans, or more than 10 percent of the North’s prewar population, were believed to have been killed in the war. The U.S. military carpet-bombed dams, factories and other key North Korean infrastructure. Because of that memory, North Korea keeps most of its essential military facilities underground, even today. |
| 平壤平民查看美军飞机轰炸后的景象。据信，超过100万朝鲜人在战争中丧生，占朝鲜战前人口的10%以上。美军地毯式轰炸了朝鲜的水坝、工厂和其他重要基础设施。由于那段记忆，直至今天，朝鲜仍将其大部分重要的军事设施建在地下。 |
| American soldiers fighting on the streets of Seoul. The timing of the Incheon landing placed American Marines behind enemy lines. They soon recaptured the South Korean capital. |
| 美国士兵在首尔街头作战。仁川登陆的时机之选令美国海军陆战队位于敌人的后方。他们很快夺回了韩国首都。 |
| Villagers arrested in Damyang, South Jeolla Province, in South Korea, in December 1951. They were accused of collaborating with Communist invaders. |
| 1951年12月，在韩国全罗南道的潭阳郡被逮捕的村民。他们被指控与共产党侵略者合作。 |
| A destroyed North Korean T-33 tank in 1950. The Soviet Union supplied weaponry for North Korea. |
| 1950年被摧毁的朝鲜T-33坦克。苏联为朝鲜提供了武器装备。 |
| American soldiers fighting to take the crest of a hill in September 1950. Korea is so mountainous that when American soldiers arrived, they found a terrain that looked like the sea in a gale. Many key battles were fought to determine which side owned a strategically positioned hill. |
| 1950年9月，美国士兵奋力攻占一座山峰。朝鲜半岛多山，美国士兵到达后，发现这里的地形就像狂风中的大海。许多关键战役都是为了抢夺具有重要战略意义的山头。 |
| A portrait of Capt. Francis “Ike” Fenton of the U.S. Marines upon hearing reports that his unit was almost out of ammunition during a battle in 1950. “We were pinned down by day and counterattacked by night,” he said. His Marines were fighting to recapture Seoul. |
| 在1950年的一场战斗中，美国海军陆战队弗朗西斯·“艾克”·芬顿上尉听到他的部队几乎耗尽弹药时的表情。他说：“我们白天遭压制，晚上被反击。”当时他所在的海军陆战队正在为夺回首尔而战。 |
| Parachuting allied soldiers and equipment in 1951. Throughout the war, the U.S. military dominated aerial warfare. |
| 1951年，空投盟军士兵和装备。在整个战争中，美军主导了空战。 |
| American Marines advancing after landing at Incheon in 1950. They moved on to retake Seoul. |
| 1950年，美国海军陆战队在仁川登陆后前进。他们继续夺回首尔。 |
| South Korean students moving to the front in 1950. They were called “soldiers without dog tags” because they joined the fighting with little preparation. |
| 1950年，韩国学生前往前线。他们被称为“没有狗牌的士兵”，因为他们参加战斗时几乎毫无准备。 |
| U.S. Marines retreating from the Chosin Reservoir, also known as Lake Jangjin, in North Korea in late 1950. They suffered a heavy loss from the Chinese and had to pull back through the bitter cold and deep snow. |
| 1950年末，美国海军陆战队员从朝鲜长津湖（即长津水库）撤退。他们在中国军队攻击下损失惨重，不得不冒着严寒和大雪撤退。 |
| An American soldier comforting a fellow infantryman whose close friend had been killed in action in South Korea in August 1950. Many of the American troops in the early months of the war were inexperienced and had been rushed from police duty in Japan to a desperate fight in an unexpected war and in a land they knew very little about. |
| 1950年8月，一名美国兵正在安慰战友，后者的好友于1950年8月在韩国的一次行动中阵亡。战争初期的几个月里，许多美军士兵缺乏经验，原本在日本履行警察职责，突然被派往一场预料之外的战争，在一片陌生的土地上进行殊死战斗。 |
| A helmet with a bullet hole was abandoned on a battle site in 1953. The last two years of the war saw fierce attrition along what would eventually become the Demilitarized Zone, or DMZ, which continues to separate the two Koreas today. The South Korean army is still recovering the remains of fallen soldiers there. |
| 1953年，一顶带有弹孔的头盔被遗弃在战场上。战争的最后两年，在最终成为朝韩非军事区(DMZ)的地方发生了伤亡惨烈的战斗，该区至今仍将朝韩两国分隔开来。韩国军队仍在当地寻找阵亡士兵遗骸。 |
| American soldiers captured by Communist forces in North Korea in 1951. After the armistice was signed, 3,597 American POWs returned home. |
| 1951年，在朝鲜被共产党军队俘虏的美国士兵。3597名美国战俘在停战协定签署后返回家园。 |
| South Korean troops entering Seoul after Allied forces retook the South Korean capital in 1950. They vowed to advance north to liberate North Korea from Communists. But they didn’t expect the Chinese to join the war on the North’s behalf. |
| 1950年，盟军夺回韩国首都后，韩国军队进入首尔。他们发誓要向北挺进，将朝鲜从共产党手中解放出来。但他们没想到中国人会代表朝鲜参战。 |
| Myeongdong in central Seoul in 1950. The district is now an international shopping hub. South Korea has built one of the richest economies in the world from the ruins of the war. North Korea has become a totalitarian dictatorship, ravaged by poverty but armed with nuclear weapons. |
| 1950年，首尔市中心明洞。现在，这里变成了一个国际购物中心。韩国在这场战争的废墟上建立了世界上最富裕的经济体之一。朝鲜已成为一个极权独裁国家，极度贫困，但拥有核武器。 |
| A war orphan in 1950. The war separated numerous family members from each other. With the peninsula still divided, most have died without ever being reunited with their relatives. |
| 一名战争孤儿，摄于1950年。战争使无数家庭成员分离。由于朝鲜半岛仍处于分裂状态，大多数在生前都无法与亲人团聚。 |
| Allied troops guarding the South Korean government headquarters in Seoul in 1950. They retook the city three months after the war began. |
| 1950年，守卫首尔韩国政府总部的盟军。战争开始三个月后，他们重新夺回了这座城市。 |
| A shell exploding near a U.S. Marine position in April 1952. By this time, the fighting was concentrated along the current inter-Korean border. |
| 1952年4月，一枚炮弹在美国海军陆战队阵地附近爆炸。此时，战斗集中在当今的朝韩边界沿线。 |
| A helicopter taking off to carry a U.N. delegation to armistice negotiations with the Communists in July 1951. Two years later — at 10 a.m. on July 27, 1953 — the armistice was signed at Panmunjom. The fighting stopped, but the war was never officially declared over. |
| 1951年7月，一架直升机起飞，载着联合国代表团参加与共产党的停战谈判。两年后，即1953年7月27日上午10点，停战协议在板门店签署。战斗停止了，但战争从未正式宣布结束。 |
| Refugees in Busan waiting for trains to return home in 1953. Throngs of refugees fleeing the fighting had crowded into Busan, a port city on the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula. |
| 1953年，在釜山等待乘火车回乡的难民。大批逃离战火的难民涌入朝鲜半岛南端的港口城市釜山。 |
| The Dapdong Catholic Church in Incheon in September 1950, after American troops landed at the port city. From there, they fought their way into Seoul and to the north. |
| 仁川的沓洞圣堂，摄于1950年9月，那是美军登陆这座港口城市后。美军从那里一路攻下首尔并北上。 |
| A North Korean boy amid the ruins of his home, all that remained after American troops bulldozed a path through a civilian neighborhood in Hungnam, a port city, in December 1950. After losing heavily to Chinese forces, American troops retreated south through Hungnam’s harbor, taking tens of thousands of desperate refugees with them. |
| 1950年12月，港口城市兴南的一个平民社区，美国军队用推土机推出一条道路后，一名朝鲜男孩站在自己家的废墟上。在惨败于中国军队之后，美国军队通过兴南港向南撤退，带走了数万名绝望的难民。 |
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