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| Efforts to ease tensions between the United States and China through a series of diplomatic visits to Beijing could be undermined as the White House presses ahead with plans to impose new restrictions on American investments in Chinese companies involved in quantum computing, artificial intelligence and semiconductors. |
| 随着白宫继续推进对美国投资中国涉及量子计算、人工智能和半导体的公司实施新限制措施的计划，美国官员靠接二连三地去中国进行外交访问来缓解美中紧张关系的努力可能会受到损害。 |
| The looming restrictions were a central topic of discussion between Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen and senior Chinese officials during her four-day trip to China, which concluded on Sunday. |
| 美国财政部长耶伦的访华行程已于上个周日结束，她在北京的四天里与中国高级官员讨论的核心话题就包括这些正在逼近的限制措施。 |
| The Treasury Department has sought to narrow the scope of the restrictions, which target private equity and venture capital investment in a few limited — but highly strategic — sectors. The department has also tried to ease concerns within China that the measures amount to a technology blockade intended to damage the Chinese economy. |
| 财政部试图缩小限制范围，只把对数量有限——但有高度战略意义——领域的私募股权和风险资本投资作为目标。财政部还试图缓解中国国内的担忧，即限制投资等同于以损害中国经济为目的的技术封锁。 |
| Still, any such actions are expected to anger China and will be the first test of the new channels of communication that the world’s two largest economies are trying to restore. |
| 尽管如此，任何限制措施预计都会激怒中国，使得世界两大经济体正在试图恢复的新沟通渠道面临首次检验。 |
| “They’re going to have concerns about our investment policies toward China,” said Mark Sobel, a former longtime Treasury Department official who is now the U.S. chairman of the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum. “The Chinese have their issues with us, and both sides have a pretty clear understanding that there’s tension.” |
| “他们将对我们的对华投资政策表示关切，”曾长期担任美国财政部官员的马克·索贝尔说，他现在是货币金融机构官方论坛的美方主席。“中国人与我们存在问题，双方对关系紧张都有颇为清醒的认识。” |
| U.S.-Chinese relations have recently been pushed to their weakest point in years. Tensions have flared over the flight of a Chinese surveillance balloon over the United States, tougher restrictions on technology from Washington, Beijing’s partnership with Moscow during the war in Ukraine and China’s continued threatening of Taiwan. |
| 美中关系最近已跌到多年来的最低点。中国间谍气球飘越美国上空，华盛顿更严格地限制对华技术出口，北京在俄乌战争期间与莫斯科保持伙伴关系，以及中国连续不断地威胁台湾，这些问题都已使紧张关系加剧。 |
| In recent months, the Biden administration has been working to halt a further decline in the relationship, which it sees as a potential threat to global peace and stability. In addition to Ms. Yellen, Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken visited Beijing last month and John Kerry, President Biden’s special envoy for climate change, is heading there on Sunday. |
| 近几个月来，拜登政府一直在努力防止两国关系进一步恶化，将其视为对全球和平稳定的潜在威胁。除耶伦外，国务卿布林肯已于上月访华，拜登总统的气候变化事务特使克里也将于周日前往北京。 |
| But new investment restrictions from the United States could escalate the tit-for-tat measures that the two countries have been deploying just as they are trying to set a “floor” under their relationship. |
| 但就在两国试图为美中关系设定“底线”时，美国对投资的新限制可能会使双方针锋相对的做法升级。 |
| The new measures seem to have been largely settled for many months now. But the Biden administration appears to have delayed announcing them given the tumultuous relationship with China. Some of the details also continue to be debated by U.S. government agencies. Once the restrictions are proposed, the private sector will have time to comment on the limits, which could shape how they are put in place. |
| 新限制措施看来在几个月前就已基本确定。但考虑到与中国的不稳定关系，拜登政府似乎推迟了它们的出台。美国政府部门之间也在继续争论其中一些细节。限制措施一旦提出，私营企业将有时间对其发表评论，这可能会影响措施的实施方式。 |
| Even if the Biden administration decides to hold off further on issuing the measures, it will face mounting pressure from lawmakers, who are considering their own broader restrictions on investments made in China. |
| 即使拜登政府决定进一步推迟宣布措施，它也将面临来自国会越来越大的压力，议员们正在考虑对美国在华投资进行更广泛的限制。 |
| Lawmakers and other supporters of the measures have complained that the current system allows American capital to flow to China and finance technologies that may ultimately pose a threat to U.S. national security. The United States already prohibits U.S. companies from directly selling certain advanced technologies to China, and monitors the investments that Chinese companies make in America for potential security risks. But the U.S. government has little insight into and no control over money traveling from the United States to China. |
| 国会议员和其他支持限制措施的人抱怨，目前的做法允许美国资本流向中国，为最终可能对美国国家安全构成威胁的技术提供资金。美国政府已禁止美国公司直接向中国出售某些先进技术，并对中国企业在美国的投资是否存在潜在安全风险进行审查。但美国政府对美国流向中国的资金不甚了解，也没有控制。 |
| “China has harnessed, directed and manipulated Western greed to advance its strategic aims to an unprecedented, perilous degree,” Roger W. Robinson Jr., a former chairman of the congressional U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, testified in May during a House hearing. |
| “中国在将自己的战略目标推动到前所未有的危险程度上利用、引导和操纵了西方的贪婪，”国会设立的美中经济与安全审查委员会前主席罗杰·罗宾逊在众议院今年5月的一个听证会上说。 |
| Members of the Biden administration spent much of last year weighing how broadly to apply investment restrictions, with officials reaching out to business executives to get their views on the impact that such a move might have. Industry groups and venture capitalists lobbied aggressively against a broad ban on investment in China, saying it would be disruptive to important business relationships and ultimately harm the U.S. economy. |
| 拜登政府的官员们去年花费了很多时间权衡实施投资限制的范围，官员们与企业高管进行了接触，征求他们对限制措施影响的看法。行业团体和风险投资家们积极游说，反对广泛禁止对华投资，称那将搅乱重要的商贸关系，最终损害美国经济。 |
| The administration appears to have landed on a narrowly tailored measure, which would require companies to report more information to the government about their planned investments in China, while prohibiting investments in a few sensitive areas with military or surveillance applications. |
| 拜登政府似乎已制定了范围狭窄的措施，包括要求企业把更多在华投资计划的信息报告给政府，同时禁止对一些具有军事或监控应用的敏感领域投资。 |
| In a May hearing before the Senate Banking Committee, Paul Rosen, the assistant secretary of the Treasury for investment security, said the administration was “working to craft a narrow and focused program” to restrict investment in certain sensitive technologies with national security implications. |
| 在参议院银行委员会今年5月举行的一个听证会上，负责投资安全的财政部助理部长保罗·罗森说，政府正在“努力制定范围狭窄、目标明确的措施”，以限制投资某些可能影响国家安全的敏感技术。 |
| Both supporters and critics acknowledge that the measure’s biggest significance is what it could mean for future regulation. They say the new rules themselves are unlikely to do much in the short term to affect China’s technology development, since the country has no shortage of investment funding. |
| 支持和批评投资限制的人都承认，限制措施的最大意义在于对未来监管的影响。他们说，新规定本身在短期内不太可能对中国的技术发展有太大影响，因为中国并不缺少投资资金。 |
| Nicholas R. Lardy, a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, said the United States was the source of less than 5 percent of China’s inbound direct investment in both 2021 and 2022. In the first quarter of this year, investment in China by U.S. venture capital and private equity firms collapsed to roughly $400 million, down from a peak of roughly $35 billion in 2021, Mr. Lardy said. |
| 彼得森国际经济研究所的非常驻高级研究员尼古拉斯·拉迪说，在境外对中国的直接投资中，2021年和2022年的美国资金占比都不到5%。美国风险投资和私募股权公司对中国的投资已在今年第一季度骤减，从2021年最高时的约350亿美元降到了4亿美元左右，拉迪说。 |
| But total domestic investment in China in the quarter was $1.5 trillion, he said, adding that U.S. venture capital and private equity flows “are not even a rounding error.” |
| 他说，但今年一季度的中国国内投资总额达1.5万亿美元。他补充说，流入中国的美国风险资本和私募股权投资“甚至不够（投资总额的）舍入误差”。 |
| Still, the new rules could prove significant by setting a precedent for the restriction of private-sector investment in China. They could be a tool that U.S. officials turn to in times of tension with China, and a policy approach that might cascade through the advanced democracies in the years to come. |
| 尽管如此，新规定可能会开创限制私营企业对华投资的先例，因而意义重大。它们可能成为美中关系紧张时美国官员求助的工具，也可能形成发达民主国家未来几年的政策方针。 |
| In Group of 7 meetings in May, U.S. officials discussed the possibility of aligning such policies with close allies. A report published this year by the Center for Strategic & International Studies noted that South Korea and Taiwan both had their own sets of investment restrictions. Taiwan’s rules place specific regulations on outbound investments in China based on the type of technology and include prohibitions for high-tech sectors. |
| 在今年5月举行的七国集团会议上，美国官员讨论了与亲密盟友协调这类政策的可能性。战略与国际研究中心今年发布的一份报告指出，韩国和台湾都有自己的投资限制。台湾的规定对在中国大陆的投资按照技术类型进行具体限制，包括禁止对高技术行业投资。 |
| China put in place its own limits on outbound investments in 2016. Beijing steered the country’s companies and households away from speculating on American real estate and even soccer clubs and pushed them instead to buy overseas businesses in aircraft production, heavy manufacturing, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and other strategic sectors. |
| 中国在2016年也出台了自己的对外投资限制措施。政府引导中国的企业和家庭不要投资美国房地产，甚至不投资足球俱乐部，而是推动他们购买从事飞机生产、重型设备制造、人工智能、网络安全，以及其他战略行业的海外企业的股票。 |
| The Treasury Department would most likely be the government agency responsible for carrying out the new restrictions. Ms. Yellen has been wary that if they are poorly devised, they could undermine the traditionally open investment climate in the United States. |
| 美国财政部很可能是负责执行新限制措施的政府部门。耶伦一直担心如果设计不当，限制措施可能会破坏美国传统上开放的投资环境。 |
| “I explained that President Biden is examining potential controls on outbound investment in certain very narrow high-technology areas, and that if we go forward with these, that they will be indeed very narrowly targeted,” Ms. Yellen said on CBS’s “Face the Nation” on Sunday. She added that the controls “should not be something that will have a significant impact on the investment climate between our two countries.” |
| “我解释说，拜登总统正在研究对某些非常狭窄的高科技领域的对外投资进行潜在的控制，如果我们开始实施这些措施的话，它们的针对范围肯定将非常狭窄，”耶伦在哥伦比亚广播公司周日播出的“面对国家”节目中说。她还表示，控制措施“不应成为对我们两国之间的投资环境产生重大影响的东西”。 |
| A senior Treasury Department official said that Chinese officials had heard the justification provided by the United States for the possible restrictions but that it was not clear if they agreed with the rationale. |
| 美国财政部的一名高级官员说，中国官员已经听取了美国为可能采取限制投资的做法提供的理由，但尚不清楚中方是否认可这些理由。 |
| Chinese officials are also watching warily for the Biden administration to issue a variety of export restrictions on the type of advanced chips that can be sent to China. The administration is mulling new measures that could step up restrictions on the ability of Chinese companies to gain access to cutting-edge artificial intelligence capabilities via cloud services. Restrictions issued last October stopped Chinese companies from purchasing such products directly. |
| 中国官员也在警惕地关注着拜登政府对可运往中国的先进芯片类型发布的各种出口限制。拜登政府正在考虑新的措施，可能会加强对中国企业通过云服务获取尖端人工智能能力的限制。美国政府去年10月宣布的限制措施已禁止中国公司直接购买这类产品。 |
| Despite such broad areas of disagreement, Mr. Sobel, the former Treasury Department official, suggested that the United States and China still had little choice but to keep talking to each other. |
| 美国财政部前官员索贝尔说，尽管存在如此广泛的分歧，但美国和中国仍别无选择，只能继续对话。 |
| “We’re in the boat together, and that means they just have to talk and get along — whether they’re happy with each other or not,” he said. |
| “我们和他们待在一条船上，这意味着我们只得与他们对话、相处——无论他们是否对我们满意，”他说。 |
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