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| A major dam on the Dnipro River in southern Ukraine was destroyed early Tuesday, sending torrents of water cascading through the breach, flooding a war zone downstream, putting tens of thousands of residents at risk and raising the possibility of long-lasting environmental and humanitarian disasters. |
| 周二早些时候，乌克兰南部第聂伯河上的一座大坝被毁，洪水从决口处倾泻而下，淹没了下游的战区，使数万居民处于危险之中，并很可能发生长期环境和人道主义灾难。 |
| Ukraine and Russia quickly blamed each other for the calamity. Officials in Kyiv said Moscow’s forces had blown up the Russian-controlled dam in the predawn hours, and President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine pointed the finger at “Russian terrorists.” The Kremlin’s spokesman, Dmitry S. Peskov, denied any Russian involvement and described the destruction as “sabotage.” |
| 乌克兰和俄罗斯迅速将这场灾难归咎于对方。基辅的官员说，莫斯科的军队在黎明前炸毁了俄罗斯控制的大坝，乌克兰总统泽连斯基将矛头指向“俄罗斯恐怖分子”。克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·S·佩斯科夫否认俄罗斯参与，并称大坝的毁坏是“蓄意破坏”。 |
| It was not immediately clear who or what had caused the destruction of the Kakhovka dam and hydroelectric power plant near the city of Nova Kakhovka. But some top European officials denounced Russia. Engineering and munitions experts said a deliberate explosion inside the dam had most likely caused its collapse. Structural failure or an attack from outside the structure, they said, were possible but less plausible. |
| 目前尚不清楚是何人因何原因破坏了新卡霍夫卡市附近的卡霍夫卡大坝和水力发电厂。但一些欧洲高级官员谴责了俄罗斯。工程和弹药专家表示，很可能是有人在大坝内部有意制造爆炸，从而导致大坝坍塌。他们说，结构故障或来自结构外部的攻击也有可能，但可能性不大。 |
| The dam’s destruction was a “monumental humanitarian, economic and ecological catastrophe,” and “yet another example of the horrific price of war on people,” said António Guterres, the United Nations’ secretary general. |
| 联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯说，大坝的毁坏是一场“巨大的人道主义、经济和生态灾难”，也是“战争给人们带来可怕代价的又一例证”。 |
| The dam, in the Kherson region, had held back a body of water the size of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Ihor Syrota, the head of Ukraine’s main hydropower generating company, Ukrhydroenergo, said in an interview that it had collapsed after an explosion about 2:50 a.m. Tuesday. |
| 位于赫尔松地区的大坝阻挡的水体规模相当于犹他州大盐湖。乌克兰主要水力发电公司乌克兰水能公司的负责人伊霍·西罗塔在接受采访时表示，大坝在周二凌晨2点50分左右发生爆炸后决堤。 |
| “The damage is huge, and the station can’t be repaired,” he said. “The lower part of it has already been washed away.” |
| “损失巨大，水电站无法修复，”他说。“下面的部分已经被冲走了。” |
| Residents in the town of Antonivka, about 40 miles downstream, described watching in horror as floodwaters swept by carrying trees and debris from washed-out houses. The Ukrainian authorities raced to evacuate people by train and bus. |
| 下游约65公里处的安东尼夫卡镇的居民描述说，他们惊恐地看着洪水冲走了树木和被毁坏的房屋的碎片。乌克兰当局争分夺秒地用火车和公共汽车疏散民众。 |
| For miles along the flood plain, others waded through water, rescuing pets and belongings, videos and images on social media showed. Some people rode bicycles down streets submerged in muddy water. In Mykolaiv, an emergency train collected those fleeing the rising waters in Kherson. |
| 社交媒体上的视频和图片显示，沿着冲积平原数公里，人们涉水救出宠物和财物。一些人在被泥水淹没的街道上骑着自行车。在尼古拉耶夫，一列紧急列车接上逃离赫尔松上涨水域的人们。 |
| About 16,000 people total remained in the “critical zone” on the Ukrainian-controlled west bank of the river, said Oleksandr Prokudin, the regional military administrator. The National Police of Ukraine said that 23 towns and villages had been flooded so far, and that the water level in the Dnipro had risen by nearly 11 feet in the city of Kherson. By 9 p.m. local time, at least 1,366 people had been evacuated from flooded zones, the police said on the Telegram messaging app. |
| 地区军事长官奥列克桑德尔·普罗库丁说，总共约有1.6万人还在乌克兰控制的河流西岸的“关键地带”。乌克兰国家警察称，迄今为止已有23个城镇和村庄被淹，第聂伯河的水位在赫尔松市上涨了近3.3米。到当地时间晚上9点，警方在Telegram消息应用程序上说，至少有1366人从洪水泛滥的地区撤离。 |
| The destruction occurred a day after American officials said they had detected what could be the beginning of Ukraine’s long-anticipated counteroffensive to repel Russian forces east of the Dnipro in the Donetsk region. Russia’s military said it had beat back several attacks by Kyiv’s troops. |
| 破坏发生前一天，美国官员表示，他们发现乌克兰期待已久的反攻行动已经开始，意在击退第聂伯河以东顿涅茨克地区的俄罗斯军队。俄罗斯军方表示基辅军队的几次攻击已经被他们击退。 |
| Sergei K. Shoigu, Russia’s defense minister, accused Ukraine of destroying the dam because it wanted to move forces and equipment defending Kherson to other parts of the front to help with its counteroffensive. Ukraine said it was Russia that blew up the dam to prevent Ukrainian troops from crossing the river downstream. |
| 俄罗斯国防部长谢尔盖·绍伊古指责乌克兰摧毁大坝，因为这样乌克兰就可以将保卫赫尔松的军队和装备转移到前线的其他地方，以助其反攻。乌克兰表示，是俄罗斯炸毁了大坝，以阻止乌克兰军队在下游渡河。 |
| The dam, the southernmost one on the Dnipro, was built between 1950 and 1956 as part of a broader effort to capitalize on the economic power of the river known as the “Great Dnipro.” It was downstream from the Russian-controlled Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, which relies on the Kakhovka reservoir to cool its reactors. |
| 该大坝是第聂伯河最南端的大坝，建于1950年至1956年间，属于为充分利用这条所谓“大第聂伯河”的经济力量而实施的总体计划的一部分。它位于俄罗斯控制的扎波里日亚核电站的下游，该核电站要依靠卡霍夫卡水库冷却其反应堆。 |
| Initially, there was concern that if the river level fell far enough, the plant, Europe’s largest civilian nuclear facility, would be unable to draw water, potentially leading to a meltdown. But Ukraine’s state nuclear company, Energoatom, said in a statement that while the destruction “may have negative consequences” for the Zaporizhzhia plant, it had sufficient water for now from a nearby pond for cooling. |
| 最初，人们担心如果河流水位下降得太多，欧洲最大的民用核设施工厂将无法取水，可能导致熔毁。但乌克兰国家核能发电公司(Energoatom)在一份声明中表示，虽然破坏对扎波里日亚核电站“可能产生负面影响”，但它目前已从附近的池塘中获得了足够的水来进行冷却。 |
| “The situation is under control,” the statement said. |
| 声明说：“情况已得到控制。” |
| Experts were still waiting to understand the full scale of the disaster. Videos verified by The New York Times and images on social media showed water flooding communities downstream. Floodwaters swamped houses, spilled over into farm fields, blocked roads and deluged a zoo in the Russia-controlled city of Nova Kakhovka, the mayor, Volodymyr Kovalenko, said. City Hall and the Palace of Culture there were also inundated. |
| 专家们仍在努力了解灾难的整体规模。经《纽约时报》核实的视频和社交媒体上的图片显示，洪水淹没了下游社区。在俄罗斯控制的新卡霍夫卡市，市长弗拉基米尔·科瓦连科说，洪水淹没了房屋，波及农田，阻塞了道路，并淹没该市一家动物园。市政厅和文化宫也被淹没。 |
| A satellite image showed the dam was breached in three places. About 200 yards of its central area was destroyed, and a structure at the hydroelectric plant sitting atop the dam was split in two. A drone video initially showed part of the southern end of the dam still intact. A few hours later, that area was underwater. |
| 卫星图像显示大坝在三个地方被破坏。大约180米的中心区域被摧毁，位于大坝顶部的水力发电厂的一个结构被一分为二。一段无人机视频最初显示，大坝南端的部分区域仍然完好无损。几个小时后，那个区域也没入水中。 |
| Emergency crews were heading to southern Ukraine from Kyiv, the head of the state emergency service, Serhiy Kruk, said in a statement. Vehicles designed to be driven through floodwaters, generators, mobile water treatment plants, water trucks and other equipment were also on their way. Volunteers from the Red Cross unloaded aid in Mykolaiv. Some military analysts cautioned against assigning blame with limited information. |
| 国家应急部门负责人谢尔希·克鲁克在一份声明中说，紧急救援人员正从基辅前往乌克兰南部。专门用于穿越洪水的车辆、发电机、移动水处理厂、运水车和其他设备也在路上。红十字会的志愿者在尼古拉耶夫卸载援助物资。一些军事分析家告诫不要依据有限的信息来追究责任。 |
| “It’s too early to tell whether this is a deliberate act by Russia or the result of negligence and prior damage inflicted to the dam,” said Michael Kofman, the director of Russian studies at CNA, a research institute in Arlington, Va. |
| 位于弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿的研究机构CNA的俄罗斯研究主任迈克尔·科夫曼说：“是俄罗斯的蓄意行为还是因疏忽和先前的大坝损害造成的结果，现在判断还为时过早。” |
| “This is a disaster that ultimately benefits nobody,” Mr. Kofman added. “Russia is responsible because it controlled the dam, and it’s actions in Ukraine led to this outcome, one way or another.” |
| “没有人最终从这场灾难中受益，”科夫曼还说。“俄罗斯负有责任，因为它控制着大坝，而它在乌克兰的行动以某种方式导致了这一结果。” |
| But on Tuesday, Josep Borrell Fontelles, the European Union’s top diplomat, said the disaster represented “a new dimension of Russian atrocities.” He vowed in a post on Twitter that “all commanders, perpetrators and accomplices” would be held accountable for this “violation” of international humanitarian law. |
| 但周二，欧盟最高外交官何塞普·博雷尔·丰特列斯表示，这场灾难代表了“俄罗斯暴行的一个新层面”。他在Twitter上发帖称，“所有指挥官、肇事者和同伙”都将对这种“违反”国际人道主义法的行为负责。 |
| Ukraine’s foreign minister, Dmytro Kuleba, described the dam’s destruction as “ecocide,” adding: “Russia destroyed the Kakhovka dam, inflicting probably Europe’s largest technological disaster in decades and putting thousands of civilians at risk. This is a war crime” |
| 乌克兰外交部长德米特罗·库列巴将大坝的破坏描述为“生态灭绝”，他还说：“俄罗斯摧毁了卡霍夫卡大坝，可能造成欧洲几十年来最大的技术灾难，并使成千上万的平民处于危险之中。这是令人发指的战争罪行。” |
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