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| Beijing on Sunday told Chinese companies that deal with critical information to stop purchasing products from Micron Technology, the U.S.-based manufacturer of memory chips used in phones, computers and other electronics. Many analysts viewed the move as retaliation for Washington’s efforts to cut off China’s access to high-end chips. |
| 周日，北京要求处理关键信息的中国公司停止购买美光科技的产品。美光科技是一家总部位于美国的内存芯片制造商，产品用于手机、电脑和其他电子设备。许多分析人士认为，此举是对华盛顿切断中国获得高端芯片渠道的报复。 |
| In a statement on its official social media site, the Cyberspace Administration of China said that in a cybersecurity review it had found that the chip maker’s products posed “relatively serious cybersecurity problems.” The problems could “seriously endanger the supply chain of China’s critical information infrastructure” and threaten national security, it said. |
| 中国国家互联网信息办公室在官方的社交媒体帐户上发表声明称，经过网络安全审查，发现该芯片制造商的产品存在“较严重网络安全隐患”。报告称，这些问题可能“对我国关键信息基础设施供应链造成重大安全风险”，并威胁国家安全。 |
| China’s action is the latest volley in an economic tit-for-tat between Beijing and Washington that is rearranging the fabric of a sprawling global microchip industry. The decision to bar Micron from selling its chips to key companies could have a ripple effect through China’s supply chains as Micron’s Chinese customers seek to replace the U.S. memory chips with homegrown or Korean versions. South Korean chip makers like Samsung and SK Hynix are Micron’s competitors and already do significant business with China. |
| 中国的行动是北京和华盛顿之间经济对峙的最新一击，这种对峙正在对庞大的全球微芯片产业进行大洗牌。随着美光的中国客户寻求用国产或韩国的内存芯片取代美国芯片，禁令可能会在中国供应链中产生连锁反应。三星和SK海力士等韩国芯片制造商是美光的竞争对手，它们在中国已经有大量业务。 |
| Beijing initiated a cybersecurity review of Micron in late March as part of what it called a “normal regulatory measure.” The announcement came after Washington rolled out restrictions in October against China’s semiconductor industry. Micron said at the time that it was “cooperating fully” with the investigation and that its China business was operating as normal. |
| 北京在3月底启动针对美光的网络安全审查，作为其所谓的“正常监管措施”的一部分。这一声明是在华盛顿10月份对中国半导体产业实施限制之后发布的。美光当时表示，该公司正“全力配合”调查，其在华业务运作正常。 |
| In a statement, the company said it was “evaluating the conclusion and assessing our next steps,” adding that it was “continuing to engage in discussions with Chinese authorities.” |
| 该公司在一份声明中表示，它正在“评估结论，并评估我们的下一步行动”，并说，它正在“继续与中国当局进行讨论”。 |
| Since the announcement in March, China has been engaged in an all-out campaign to shore up its homegrown chip industry. Beijing has spent billions of dollars on the efforts at self-reliance and Chinese companies up and down the supply chain have moved to replace Western chips and parts. |
| 自3月宣布这一消息以来，中国一直在全力支持其本土芯片产业。北京自力更生的努力花费了数十亿美元，供应链上的西方芯片和零部件已经为中国公司的产品所取代。 |
| The Chinese authorities offered few clues about what they had discovered that posed serious risks. They have also provided little information about what is required of companies during a cybersecurity review. But Graham Webster, the editor in chief of the DigiChina Project at the Stanford University Cyber Policy Center, said that among the risks was the potential for further sanctions by Washington that could cut off important Chinese companies from Micron’s memory chips. |
| 究竟是什么构成了严重风险，中国当局几乎没有提供任何线索。他们也没有提供多少信息来说明网络安全审查期间对公司要求。但斯坦福大学网络政策中心数字中国项目的主编魏光明(Graham Webster)表示，风险之一是华盛顿可能进一步采取制裁，切断中国重要企业获得美光内存芯片的渠道。 |
| “Supply-chain security includes the risk of a foreign government cutting off supply, which the U.S. government has done in multiple ways for other semiconductors,” Mr. Webster said. He added that China’s decision may have been partly a “derisking measure to avoid further reliance on supplies the U.S. might cut off.” |
| 魏光明说，“供应链安全包括外国政府切断供应的风险，美国政府已经以多种方式对其他半导体进行了切断。”他还说，中国的决定可能在一定程度上是一种“规避风险的措施，以避免进一步依赖美国可能切断的供应”。 |
| Washington has urged South Korean officials to prevent its chip makers from filling the market void if Micron was unable to sell its chips to China, The Financial Times reported in April. |
| 《金融时报》4月报道，华盛顿已敦促韩国官员，如果美光无法向中国出售芯片，则应阻止韩国的芯片制造商填补市场空白。 |
| China approved a cybersecurity law in 2016 that outlined rules to safeguard what it called “critical information infrastructure,” which refers to technology systems in sectors including telecommunications, transportation and defense that Chinese regulators believe would be vulnerable if they malfunctioned or leaked data. |
| 2016年，中国通过了一项网络安全法，概述了保护其所谓的“关键信息基础设施”的规则，这些设施包括电信、交通和国防等行业的技术系统，中国监管机构认为，如果这些系统发生故障或泄露数据，它们很容易受到攻击。 |
| Micron, which is based in Boise, Idaho, built its first factory in China in 2007. In recent years as relations between the United States and China cooled, it has begun to downsize its operations, reducing the number of Chinese staff and shutting down some operations. As of April, it had about 3,000 employees in Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen. |
| 总部位于爱达荷州博伊西的美光于2007年在中国建立了第一家工厂。近年来，随着中美关系降温，该公司开始缩减业务规模，减少中国员工的数量，并关闭了一些业务。截至今年4月，该公司在上海、北京和深圳拥有约3000名员工。 |
| The impact of Sunday’s decision on the company could be sizable. In 2022, Micron reported $3.3 billion in sales in China, roughly 11 percent of its annual $30.8 billion in global sales. It was unclear how much of those sales in China would be affected by the government’s action. |
| 周日的决定对该公司的影响可能相当大。2022年，美光在中国的销售额为33亿美元，约占其全球308亿美元年销售额的11%。目前还不清楚在中国的销售中有多少会受到政府行动的影响。 |
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