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| Engineers like Royale Lee, 31, are one reason Taiwan is the world’s biggest contract producer of the microchips that power almost all electronics. |
| 几乎所有电子产品都需要微芯片提供动力，台湾之所以能够成为全球最大的微芯片合同生产地，其中一个原因就是拥有31岁的罗亚尔·李这样的工程师。 |
| When a computer virus paralyzed machinery at his employer, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Mr. Lee pulled a 48-hour shift to help fix the problem. For years he responded to phone calls day and night. But in late 2021, after five years of sacrifices, he had come to fear the ring of his phone. His annual compensation of $105,000, an envied sum in Taiwan, was not enough for him to stick around. |
| 当他的雇主——台湾积体电路制造的设备因计算机病毒而瘫痪时，李先生曾连续工作48小时以帮助解决问题。多年来，他不分昼夜地接听电话。但经过五年的牺牲，在2021年底，他开始害怕听到手机铃声。他的年薪10.5万美元在台湾是一个令人羡慕的数字，但没能留住他。 |
| Over the past decade, TSMC, as the company is known, has built a wide lead over rivals like Intel and Samsung in the race to make the smallest — and fastest — microchips. Largely because of the ingenuity of its engineers, TSMC has become one of the most geopolitically important firms in the world. |
| 在过去的十年里，台积电在制造最小和最快的微芯片的竞赛中，已经远远领先于英特尔和三星等竞争对手。很大程度上是因为工程师的聪明才智，台积电成为了世界上最具地缘政治上意义的公司之一。 |
| Today, many at the top of Taiwan’s semiconductor industry fear the tiny island territory will not be able to sustain the growing demand for a new generation of engineers. A shrinking population, demanding work culture and an abundance of competing tech jobs have meant workers have become ever more scarce. |
| 如今，台湾半导体行业的许多高层担心，这个小岛将无法跟上行业对新一代工程师不断增长的需求。人口减少、要求苛刻的工作文化和大量竞争激烈的技术工作意味着人才变得越来越稀缺。 |
| The stakes are enormous. Some military strategists argue that TSMC’s dominance in microchips provides Taiwan a guarantee against an invasion by China — in part because the United States would need to defend such an important piece of its supply chain. |
| 这涉及重大的利害关系。一些军事战略家认为，台积电在微芯片领域的主导地位为台湾提供了抵御中国入侵的保证——在一定程度上是因为它是美国供应链中如此重要的一环，美国需要对其进行保卫。 |
| Taiwan’s talent crisis is intertwined with TSMC’s success. The company’s employee count has grown almost 70 percent over the past decade, while Taiwan’s birthrate has plummeted by half. Start-ups in promising fields like artificial intelligence are luring top engineers. In recruiting, TSMC must compete with internet companies like Google and foreign semiconductor companies like ASML of the Netherlands, which generally offer better work-life balance and perks like free food. |
| 台湾的人才危机与台积电的成功交织在一起。在过去十年中，该公司的员工人数增长了近70%，而台湾的出生率却骤降了一半。人工智能等前景广阔领域的初创企业正在吸引顶尖工程师。在招聘方面，台积电必须与谷歌等互联网公司和荷兰ASML等外国半导体公司竞争，这些公司通常提供更好的工作与生活平衡，以及免费食品等福利待遇。 |
| TSMC’s leaders have defended the company’s famously tough work culture, which has helped it grow into a $440 billion behemoth with 73,000 employees. Morris Chang, the founder, recently defended the military discipline he expected — spouses, he said, would just fall back asleep when TSMC called employees to work in the middle of the night. But in recent years, TSMC Chairman Mark Liu has repeatedly acknowledged that the largest challenge facing Taiwan’s semiconductor industry is its shortage of talent. |
| 台积电的领导人一直在捍卫公司以艰苦奋斗著称的工作文化，这种文化帮助它成长为拥有7.3万名员工、市值4400亿美元的巨型公司。创始人张忠谋最近为他所期待的军事纪律进行了辩护——他说，当台积电半夜叫员工加班时，他们的太太也不会反对，继续睡觉。但近年来，台积电董事长刘德音多次承认，台湾半导体产业面临的最大挑战是人才短缺。 |
| Taiwan’s largest job search platform, 104 Job Bank, had over 33,000 listings for chip industry jobs as of August. Last year, Taiwan’s chip sector employed about 326,000 people, according to the government-affiliated Industrial Technology Research Institute. |
| 截至8月，台湾最大的求职平台104人力银行拥有超过3.3万个芯片行业职位。根据政府下属的工业技术研究院的数据，去年台湾芯片行业雇用了约32.6万人。 |
| TSMC has been forced to adjust its recruitment strategies. It has broadened hiring channels and increased its base salary for master’s graduates, who can now expect to receive an average annual compensation of up to $65,000. It begins recruiting Taiwanese graduate students in September, well ahead of the conventional job-hunting season of March, and has even begun to cultivate high schoolers with online classes about the basics of semiconductors. |
| 台积电被迫调整招聘策略。它拓宽了招聘渠道，并提高了硕士毕业生的基本工资，现在，他们的平均年薪有望高达6.5万美元。台积电从9月开始招收台湾毕业生，远远早于传统的3月求职季，甚至开始培养高中生，通过网络课程教授半导体基础知识。 |
| “Many companies are struggling to find suitable candidates,” said Burn Lin, a former vice president at TSMC and the current dean of National Tsing Hua University’s College of Semiconductor Research. |
| “许多公司大概都是找不到合适的人吧，”台积电前副总裁、现任国立清华大学半导体研究院院长林本坚说。 |
| “Now when searching for talent, they are not very picky,” Mr. Lin said. “You don’t necessarily have to study electrical engineering or computer science.” |
| “现在找人才，也不是很挑剔了，”林本坚说。“不一定要学电机嘛，不一定要学那个资工之类的。” |
| The college Mr. Lin heads is one of four specialized semiconductor schools that were established by the Taiwanese government in 2021 in response to calls for action by industry players like Mr. Liu and Tsai Ming-kai, chairman of the chip design firm MediaTek. |
| 林本坚领导的学院是台湾政府于2021年成立的四所半导体专业学校之一，以响应刘德音和芯片设计公司联发科董事长蔡明介等行业参与者的行动呼吁。 |
| “In cultivating semiconductor talent, we are racing against time,” Tsai Ing-wen, Taiwan’s president, said at the unveiling of Mr. Lin’s semiconductor college. |
| “我们在半导体人才的培育上是跟时间赛跑，”台湾总统蔡英文在清华半导体学院的揭牌典礼上表示。 |
| The challenges facing Taiwan’s chip industry come amid a global crunch. In China, where officials have sought to lure Taiwanese engineers to build up its fledgling chip industry, the state-backed Chinese Academy of Sciences has fretted about a “serious shortage” of qualified workers. By one estimate, China’s microchip industry was short 200,000 people. |
| 台湾芯片产业面临挑战之际，正值全球经济紧缩。在中国，官员们试图吸引台湾工程师前来助力发展其刚起步的芯片产业，而由国家支持的中国科学院也对资质人员的“严重短缺”感到担忧。据估计，中国微芯片行业的人才缺口达到20万。 |
| In the United States, government efforts to use billions of dollars in subsidies to attract semiconductor plants have spurred Intel, Samsung, TSMC and others to announce plans for new plants. But surveys of executives showed talent shortages remain a problem. |
| 在美国，政府动用数以十亿计美元的资金补贴吸引半导体工厂的努力催生了英特尔、三星、台积电等企业宣布新建工厂的计划。但对行业高管的调查显示，人才短缺仍是问题。 |
| At TSMC, the recruitment gap back home has added urgency to its efforts to build factories, and train workers, outside Taiwan. Unlike most major hardware companies, which long ago spread research and production across the world, TSMC has built the vast majority of its chip manufacturing plants, known as fabs, in Taiwan. The clustering of its best employees and suppliers as well as most cutting-edge plants has helped it over the years, but the company needs to start looking beyond Taiwan, according to Harvard Business School professor Willy Shih. |
| 对台积电来说，岛内人才缺口导致其加紧了前往海外建厂、培训工人的步伐。与大部分早就将研究和生产分散到世界各地的大型硬件企业不同，台积电的绝大多数芯片代工厂都在台湾。哈佛商学院教授史兆威(Willy Shih)表示，多年来，台积电将最优秀的员工、供应商和最先进的工厂集中起来，对其发展起到了推动作用，但该公司需要开始将目光投向台湾以外的地区。 |
| “If I were TSMC I’d get serious about finding other places where I can get that talent,” he said. |
| “如果我是台积电，我会认真考虑还有哪些地方能为我提供那样的人才，”他说。 |
| Making semiconductors requires skilled and disciplined employees and it is part of the reason TSMC excels at it, said Wu Chih-I, director of the TSMC-National Taiwan University Joint Research Center. |
| 台积电-台湾大学联合研发中心主任吴志毅表示，生产半导体需要熟知技术和规范的员工，这也是台积电制造工艺高端的部分原因。 |
| Mr. Wu, who worked as an engineer at Intel early in his career, said tech workers today are more interested in jobs that fit their interests, rather than just pursuing a paycheck as his generation was. |
| 吴志毅早年曾在英特尔担任工程师，他说，如今的科技工作者更愿意从事符合自身兴趣的职业，而不是像他那代人一样只看钱。 |
| “If you don’t have significant financial pressure, you might choose a less demanding job, even if it means passing up the high salary and promising future of a semiconductor career.” |
| “你的经济压力可能没有那么大，你可能就是觉得虽然半导体的薪水非常好，或者是它的前途非常好，可是他可能觉得说我就是想选择一个轻松的工作。” |
| Mr. Lee, the former TSMC employee, said younger Taiwanese are less willing to endure the grueling experience of working in a fab. |
| 前台积电员工罗亚尔·李说，台湾年轻人没那么愿意在代工厂里辛苦劳作了。 |
| “It’s no longer as glorious as it used to be,” said Mr. Lee, who now works as a web developer for an American firm. |
| “已经不是以前那么风光的时代了，”罗亚尔·李说，他目前在一家美国企业担任网站开发工程师。 |
| Jason Chin, senior vice president of 104 Job Bank, said TSMC and other chip companies will never stop the turnover without improving working conditions. |
| 104人力银行资深副总经理晋丽明表示，如果工作条件得不到改善，台积电和其他芯片企业的人员流动永远不可能停止。 |
| That applies not just to workers like Mr. Lee who face the grueling job of keeping plants running, but also critical researchers who think up new ways to make chips ever faster. |
| 对罗亚尔·李这样需要承担维持工厂运转重任的员工来说如此，对那些发明提升芯片速度新方法的关键研发者来说也是如此。 |
| Frank Lin, 30, is one such TSMC researcher who left because he found the work tedious and unfulfilling. His role as product engineer and chip designer was not as high pressure as others at the company, but he nonetheless struggled, craving more meaning and a sense of accomplishment. Even though he had a master’s degree from one of Taiwan’s most prestigious universities, he was given scant responsibility and assigned rote daily tasks. |
| 30岁的弗兰克·林就是这样一位台积电的研发者，他因为感到工作乏味、没有成就感而离开。作为产品工程师和芯片设计师，他的工作压力比起其他员工还没那么大，但他依然备感煎熬，渴望找到更多工作的意义和成就感。尽管拥有台湾最负盛名的大学之一的硕士学位，但他没有被赋予重任，每天的工作都非常机械。 |
| “Though the amount of money I make continues to increase, is this all there is to life?” he remembered thinking often at work when sitting in a sunlit office pantry. After fewer than three years at the company, he struck out on his own as an independent financial adviser. He hasn’t looked back. “People want to work for themselves. There are so many possibilities in the outside world right now,” he said. |
| “钱一直变多，然后生活就这样吗？”他记得自己上班时经常坐在阳光明媚的办公室茶水间里这样想。在台积电工作不到三年，他就自立门户，成为了一名独立的财务顾问。他没有回头。“现在外面的世界选择太多了，而且大家会很追求自己——就是因为说大家会想为自己工作的这种感觉，”他说。 |
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