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| When China’s foreign minister visited the Philippines last weekend, he had a stern message for President Ferdinand E. Marcos Jr. of the Philippines: It was vital that Manila “properly handle issues” related to Taiwan and the South China Sea, and follow through on its earlier commitment not to choose sides, he said. |
| 中国外长上周末访问菲律宾时，向菲律宾总统小费迪南德·马科斯传达了一个严厉的信息。他说，马尼拉必须“妥善处理”与台湾和南海有关的问题，并履行之前不选边站队的承诺。 |
| On Wednesday, Mr. Marcos turned up at the Philippines’ annual military drills with the United States dressed in an army fatigue jacket and closely inspecting an American rocket launcher. Later, he sat next to the American ambassador as they watched artillery units take out a target ship nearby. |
| 周三，马科斯出现在菲律宾与美国举行的年度军事演习中，身穿军用夹克，仔细查看一架美国火箭发射器。后来，他坐在美国大使旁边，观看炮兵部队击毁附近的一艘目标船。 |
| It was the first time in a decade that a Philippine president had participated in these joint military exercises, and the message was unambiguous: After years of mostly tolerating China’s aggressive campaign of pressing territorial disputes with the Philippines, the Filipino government is again pivoting toward its oldest ally, the United States. |
| 这是十年来菲律宾总统第一次参加这样的联合军演，传递出的信息是明确的：多年来，菲律宾政府对中国解决与菲律宾领土争端时咄咄逼人的行动基本持容忍的态度，而现在，菲律宾政府再次转向其历史最悠久的盟友——美国。 |
| This desire to do so comes as relations between the United States and China have fallen to their lowest point in years. Across Asia, governments are increasingly anxious about these tensions, fearing, in particular, a possible Chinese invasion of Taiwan. In Manila, there is heightened concern about what such an attack could mean for the Philippines, whose northernmost inhabited island is just 93 miles away from Taiwan. |
| 美中关系降至多年来的最低点之际，菲律宾渴望这么做。在整个亚洲，各国政府对这些紧张局势越来越焦虑，尤其担心中国可能入侵台湾。在马尼拉，人们更加担心这样的袭击对菲律宾来说可能意味着什么。菲律宾最北端有人居住的岛屿距离台湾只有150公里。 |
| The sinking of the ship on Wednesday — the first exercise of its kind in the Philippines — was the highlight of this year’s joint drills, called “Balikatan,” or shoulder to shoulder. |
| 周三击沉船舰是菲律宾第一次举行此类演习，也是今年美菲“肩并肩”联合军演的高潮。 |
| For two weeks, the militaries have trained all over the Philippines, including on the island of Basco, which faces the Bashi Channel, a waterway separating Taiwan and the Philippines. They represented the biggest gathering since joint exercises started 38 years ago, involving 12,200 soldiers from the United States and 5,400 Filipino troops. |
| 两周来，两国军队在菲律宾各地进行了训练，包括巴示戈岛。该岛面向分隔台湾和菲律宾的巴士海峡。这是自38年前开始联合军演以来规模最大的一次演习，有1.22万名美国士兵和5400名菲律宾士兵参加。 |
| The new nature of the joint exercises underscores a shift within the Philippines’ defense establishment. For years, the army saw its main threats as internal. Its soldiers fought a communist insurgency, and later, terrorist groups. But it is now reorienting itself toward a strategy of international defense after Mr. Marcos instructed the military in February not to “lose an inch of its territory.” |
| 联合演习的新特性凸显了菲律宾国防机构内部的转变。多年来，军队认为其面临的主要威胁来自国内。它的士兵曾与共产主义叛乱分子作战，后来又与恐怖组织作战。但在马科斯今年2月指示军方不要“失去一寸领土”之后，菲律宾现在正将自己的方向重新定位于国际防御战略。 |
| In an interview, Lt. Gen. Romeo Brawner Jr., the commander of the Philippine Army, said that Russia’s attack on Ukraine served as an eye-opener. |
| 菲律宾陆军司令小罗密欧·布劳纳中将在接受采访时表示，俄罗斯对乌克兰的袭击让人大为震惊。 |
| “A lot of people were saying it’s impossible that Russia would invade Ukraine,” he said. “Anything is possible. So we have to prepare for that — any possible threat.” |
| “很多人都说，俄罗斯不可能入侵乌克兰，”他说。“一切皆有可能。所以我们必须为任何可能的威胁做好准备。” |
| The joint exercise was another major step toward security cooperation since the announcement early this year that the Philippines would give the U.S. military access to four new military staging sites in the country — three of them facing Taiwan and one facing the South China Sea. |
| 今年早些时候，菲律宾宣布将新增四座美军可以进入的军事基地，其中三个面向台湾，一个面向南海，此次联合演习是两国在安全合作方面采取的又一重要步骤。 |
| General Brawner said that one of his priorities now is to figure out how to evacuate the 150,000 Filipino workers in Taiwan if war breaks out. Earlier this month, China’s ambassador to the Philippines, Huang Xilian, sparked outrage in the Philippines after he said that the government should “oppose ‘Taiwan independence’ rather than stoking the fire by offering the U.S. access to the military bases near the Taiwan Strait” if it cared about the Filipino workers in Taiwan. |
| 布劳纳将军说，他现在的首要任务之一是找出如何在战争爆发的情况下撤出15万在台菲律宾劳工的对策。本月早些时候，中国驻菲律宾大使黄溪连在菲律宾引发了愤怒，因为他说，如果政府关心台湾的菲律宾劳工，就应该“反对‘台独’，而非向美开放紧邻台海的军事基地，这样只会火上浇油”。 |
| Like several other Southeast Asian nations, the Philippines has been locked in decades-long disputes with China over resource-rich islands and vital fishing areas in the South China Sea. But Beijing’s push to occupy the reefs and shoals in the sea has arguably become a more galvanizing issue in the Philippines than anywhere else. |
| 与其他几个东南亚国家一样，数十年来，菲律宾与中国在南海资源丰富的岛屿和重要的捕鱼区存在争端。但在菲律宾，北京占领南海岛礁和浅滩的努力可以说比在其他任何地方都更加敏感。 |
| Many Filipino fishermen say they are constantly harassed by Chinese militia vessels and can no longer fish around the islands. A 2021 poll of 1,200 Filipinos showed that nearly half of them felt that the Philippine government was “not doing enough” on the South China Sea dispute. At that time, the former president, Rodrigo Duterte, had embraced China, saying he could not go into a battle he couldn’t win. |
| 许多菲律宾渔民说，他们不断受到中国民兵船只的骚扰，无法在这些岛屿周围继续捕鱼。2021年对1200名菲律宾人进行的一项民意调查显示，近一半的人认为菲律宾政府在南海争端上“做得不够”。当时，菲律宾前总统罗德里戈·杜特地持亲中立场，称自己不能卷入一场自己赢不了的战斗。 |
| Euan Graham, a senior fellow for Indo-Pacific defense and strategy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, said “what has changed is that the Philippines has concluded it needs the United States as the only realistic means of balancing against China.” |
| 国际战略研究所印太防务与战略高级研究员尤安·格雷厄姆表示，“发生变化的是，菲律宾已经得出结论，它需要美国作为制衡中国的唯一现实手段。” |
| The Philippines’ defense budget for this year is only about $4.2 billion, and it has few of the high-powered weapons that China has. But it has acquired several Brahmos long-range missiles from India and two frigates from South Korea equipped with anti-ship missiles. Israel has supplied antiaircraft missiles. |
| 菲律宾今年的国防预算只有42亿美元左右，而且几乎没有中国所拥有的高性能武器。但它已经从印度购买了几枚布拉莫斯远程导弹、从韩国购买了两艘配备反舰导弹的护卫舰。以色列则为它提供了防空导弹。 |
| More weapons could come. After the foreign and defense ministers of both the United States and the Philippines held talks earlier this month, Washington said it would commit to adopt “a security sector assistance road map” in the Philippines, which “will guide shared defense modernization investments.” Mr. Marcos is set to meet President Joe Biden next week in Washington. |
| 更多的武器可能还会到来。本月早些时候，美国和菲律宾的外交部长和国防部长举行会谈后，华盛顿表示将致力于在菲律宾采用“安全部门援助路线图”，这将“指导共同的国防现代化投资”。马科斯定于下周在华盛顿会见美国总统拜登。 |
| Although the United States and the Philippines are bound by a 1951 mutual defense treaty, many Filipino officials had long been skeptical about whether the United States would come to the aid of Philippines in the event of a Chinese attack. Now, they say they are more reassured, especially after several visits by high-level U.S. officials. |
| 尽管美菲受到1951年共同防御条约的约束，但许多菲律宾官员长期以来一直怀疑，如果中国发动攻击，美国是否会援助菲律宾。现在，他们说他们放心了不少，特别是在美国高级官员的几次访问之后。 |
| Maj. Gen. Joseph A. Ryan, commander of the 25th U.S. Infantry Division, based in Hawaii, said the U.S. Army had a seminar with their Philippine counterparts in Manila in late February, during which the Filipinos “discussed their concept for the defense of the Philippines” if it were to come under attack from China. |
| 驻夏威夷的美国第25步兵师指挥官约瑟夫·瑞安少将说，2月底，美国陆军与菲律宾军队在马尼拉举行了一次研讨会，期间菲律宾人讨论了如果受到中国攻击，“他们对于防御菲律宾的构想”。 |
| “They presented that to us because they wanted us to see it,” General Ryan said by telephone. “And I believe they also wanted us to understand it in the event that they were calling us to ask for our assistance.” |
| “他们向我们介绍了这一点，是因为他们想让我们看到，”瑞安将军在接受电话采访时说。“而且我相信，他们也希望，在他们打电话要求我们提供援助的情况下，我们能够理解它。” |
| General Ryan said this was an example of a significant change in the attitude of his counterparts in the Philippines. “This is an area where two years ago, they were not open to this level of dialogue with us about this particular topic,” he said. |
| 瑞安将军说，这是菲律宾军方态度发生重大变化的一个例子。他说：“两年前，在这个领域，他们不愿意就这个特定话题与我们进行这种程度的对话。” |
| Most polls show that Filipinos are overwhelmingly pro-American, and the ties go back to the Philippines’ history as an American territory from 1898 to 1946. Several nationalist groups have expressed anger that the Philippines is being caught up in a geopolitical contest that is not of their choosing. But a survey conducted late last year by Pulse Asia, a polling firm, showed that 84 percent of Filipinos believe that the Marcos administration should work with the United States to defend Philippine sovereignty in the South China Sea. |
| 大多数民调显示，绝大多数菲律宾人都是亲美的，而美菲关系可以追溯到1898年至1946年菲律宾作为美国领土的历史。一些民族主义团体对菲律宾被卷入一场不由他们选择的地缘政治竞争表示愤怒。但民意调查公司“亚洲脉动”去年底进行的一项调查显示，84%的菲律宾人认为，马科斯政府应该与美国合作，捍卫菲律宾在南海的主权。 |
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