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| When WikiLeaks spilled a huge trove of State Department cables 13 years ago, it gave the world a sense of what American diplomats do each day — the sharp elbows, the doubts about wavering allies and the glimpses at how Washington was preparing for North Korea’s eventual collapse and Iran’s nuclear breakout. |
| 13年前，维基解密泄露了大量国务院通讯，让世界得以一瞥美国外交官的日常——凶狠的手腕、对摇摆不定的盟友的怀疑，并且对于华盛顿如何为朝鲜的终极崩溃和伊朗的核爆发做准备。 |
| When Edward Snowden swept up the National Security Agency’s secrets three years later, Americans suddenly discovered the scope of how the digital age had ushered in a remarkable new era of surveillance by the agency — enabling it to pierce China’s telecommunications industry and to drill into Google’s servers overseas to pick up foreign communications. |
| 三年后，当爱德华·斯诺将国家安全局大量机密收入囊中时，美国人突然发现数字时代如何为该机构开启了一个不得了的监控新时代——使其能够穿透中国的电信行业并钻入谷歌的海外服务器接收国外通信。 |
| The cache of 100 or so newly leaked briefing slides of operational data on the war in Ukraine is distinctly different. The data revealed so far is less comprehensive than those vast secret archives, but far more timely. And it is the immediate salience of the intelligence that most worries White House and Pentagon officials. |
| 而新泄露的一批约100张乌克兰战争作战数据简报幻灯片则明显不同。迄今为止披露的数据不如那些庞大的秘密档案全面，但更具时效性。白宫和五角大楼官员最担心的是即时的突出情报。 |
| Some of the most sensitive material — maps of Ukrainian air defenses and a deep dive into South Korea’s secret plans to deliver 330,000 rounds of much-needed ammunition in time for Ukraine’s spring counteroffensive — is revealed in documents that appear to be barely 40 days old. |
| 文件披露了一些最敏感的材料，包括乌克兰防空地图，以及韩国运送33万发乌克兰春季反攻所急需弹药的详细秘密计划。这些文件似乎是40天前才创建的。 |
| It is the freshness of the “secret” and “top secret” documents, and the hints they hold for operations to come, that make these disclosures particularly damaging, administration officials say. On Sunday, Sabrina Singh, a Pentagon spokeswoman, said U.S. officials had notified congressional committees of the leak and referred the matter to the Justice Department, which had opened an investigation. |
| 政府官员表示，正是这些“机密”和“绝密”文件的新鲜度，以及它们透露出的即将到来的行动，使得这些披露特别具有破坏性。周日，五角大楼发言人萨布丽娜·辛格表示，美国官员已将泄密事件通知国会委员会，并将此事提交司法部，司法部已展开调查。 |
| The 100-plus pages of slides and briefing documents leave no doubt about how deeply enmeshed the United States is in the day-to-day conduct of the war, providing the precise intelligence and logistics that help explain Ukraine’s success thus far. While President Biden has barred American troops from firing directly on Russian targets, and blocked sending weapons that could reach deep into Russian territory, the documents make clear that a year into the invasion, the United States is heavily entangled in almost everything else. |
| 100多页的幻灯片和简报文件毫无疑问地表明美国深度参与了这场战争的具体行动，提供了准确情报和后勤保障，这有助于解释乌克兰迄今取得的成功。尽管拜登总统已禁止美军直接向俄罗斯目标开火，并阻止向俄罗斯境内输送可深入俄罗斯领土的武器，但这些文件清楚地表明，入侵一年后，美国严重卷入了战争的几乎所有其他方面。 |
| It is providing detailed targeting data. It is coordinating the long, complex logistical train that delivers weapons to the Ukrainians. And as a Feb. 22 document makes clear, American officials are planning ahead for a year in which the battle for the Donbas is “likely heading toward a stalemate” that will frustrate Vladimir V. Putin’s goal of capturing the region — and Ukraine’s goal of expelling the invaders. |
| 美国提供了详细的目标数据。它在协调庞大而复杂的火车货运，给乌克兰人运送武器。2月22日的一份文件明确指出，美国官员正在提前一年为届时“可能会陷入僵持的”顿巴斯战斗做计划，这样的僵持将挫败普京夺取该地区的企图——同时也意味着乌克兰无法实现驱逐入侵者的目标。 |
| One senior Western intelligence official summed up the disclosures as “a nightmare.” Dmitri Alperovitch, the Russia-born chairman of Silverado Policy Accelerator, who is best known for pioneering work in cybersecurity, said on Sunday that he feared there were “a number of ways this can be damaging.” He said that included the possibility that Russian intelligence is able to use the pages, spread out over Twitter and Telegram, “to figure out how we are collecting” the plans of the G.R.U., Russia’s military intelligence service, and the movement of military units. |
| 一位西方高级情报官员总结这些披露是“一场噩梦”。出生于俄罗斯的德米特里·阿尔佩罗维奇是“西尔维拉多政策加速器”的主席，以在网络安全领域的开创性工作而闻名，他周日表示担心“这会在很多方面造成破坏”。他说，这包括一种可能性，即俄罗斯情报部门能够使用这些在Twitter和Telegram上传播的文件“弄清楚我们如何收集”俄罗斯军事情报部门格鲁乌的计划，以及军事单位的动向。 |
| In fact, the documents released so far are a brief snapshot of how the United States viewed the war in Ukraine. Many pages seem to come right out of the briefing books circulating among the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and in a few cases updates from the C.I.A.’s operations center. They are a combination of the current order of battle and — perhaps most valuable to Russian military planners — American projections of where the air defenses being rushed into Ukraine could be located next month. |
| 事实上，目前公布的文件只是美国如何看待乌克兰战争的一个缩影。许多页面似乎直接来自参谋长联席会议中传阅的简报，有少数来自中央情报局行动中心的更新。它们结合了当前的战斗命令和——也许对俄罗斯军事规划者最有价值的——美国对下个月紧急部署于乌克兰的防空力量可能位于何处的预测。 |
| Mixed in are a series of early warnings about how Russia might retaliate, beyond Ukraine, if the war drags on. One particularly ominous C.I.A. document refers to a pro-Russian hacking group that had successfully broken into Canada’s gas distribution network and was “receiving instructions from a presumed Federal Security Service (F.S.B.) officer to maintain network access to Canadian gas infrastructure and wait for further instruction.” So far there is no evidence that Russian actors have begun a destructive attack, but that was the explicit fear expressed in the document. |
| 一系列关于如果战争拖下去俄罗斯会如何在乌克兰以外进行报复的早期警告也混入其中。一份令人尤其不安的中央情报局文件提到，一个亲俄罗斯黑客组织成功闯入了加拿大的天然气输配网络，并且“正在接受一个据推测为联邦安全局官员的人的指示，以维持对加拿大天然气基础设施的网络访问并等待进一步的指示。”到目前为止，没有证据表明俄罗斯行为者已经开始进行破坏性攻击，但文件中明确地表达了这样的担忧。 |
| Because such warnings are so sensitive, many of the “top secret” documents are limited to American officials or to the “Five Eyes” — the intelligence alliance of the United States, Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. That group has an informal agreement not to spy on the other members. But it clearly does not apply to other American allies and partners. There is evidence that the United States has plugged itself into President Volodymyr Zelensky’s internal conversations and those of even the closest U.S. allies, like South Korea. |
| 由于此类警告非常敏感，许多“绝密”文件仅限于美国官员或“五眼联盟”（即美国、英国、澳大利亚、新西兰和加拿大组成的情报联盟）可见。该联盟有一个非正式的协议，不对彼此进行监视。但这显然不适用于美国的其他盟友和伙伴。有证据表明，美国监听了乌克兰总统泽连斯基的内部通话，甚至美国一些最亲密盟友的内部通话，比如韩国。 |
| In a dispatch that is very reminiscent of the 2010 WikiLeaks disclosures, one document based on what is delicately referred to as “signals intelligence” describes the internal debate in Seoul over how to handle American pressure to send more lethal aid to Ukraine, which would violate the country’s practice of not directly sending weapons into a war zone. It reports that South Korea’s president, Yoon Suk Yeol, was concerned that Mr. Biden might call him to press for greater contributions to Ukraine’s military. |
| 有一份让人想起2010年维基解密披露的文件，被晦涩地称为“信号情报”，描述了首尔内部关于如何应对美国的施压，要求它向乌克兰提供更多致命性援助的讨论。文件称，韩国总统尹锡悦担心拜登可能给他打电话，敦促他为乌克兰军队提供更多援助。 |
| It is an enormously sensitive subject among South Korean officials. During a recent visit to Seoul, before the leaked documents appeared, government officials dodged a reporter’s questions about whether they were planning to send 155-millimeter artillery rounds, which they produce in large quantities, to aid in the war effort. One official said South Korea did not want to violate its own policies, or risk its delicate relationship with Moscow. |
| 对韩国官员来说，这是一个极其敏感的话题。在泄露文件出现之前，最近一次美方访问首尔期间，政府官员回避了一名记者的提问，即他们是否计划向乌克兰提供155毫米炮弹。一名官员表示，韩国不想违反自己的政策，也不想拿与莫斯科的微妙关系冒险。 |
| Now the world has seen the Pentagon’s “delivery timeline” for sea shipments of those shells, along with estimates of the cost of the shipments, $26 million. |
| 现在，全世界都看到了五角大楼通过海运把这种炮弹运至乌克兰的“交付时间表”，以及对运输费用的估算（2600万美元）。 |
| With every disclosure of secret documents, of course, there are fears of lasting damage, sometimes overblown. That happened in 2010, when The New York Times started publishing a series called “State’s Secrets,” detailing and analyzing selected documents from the trove of cables taken by Chelsea Manning, then an Army private in Iraq, and published by Julian Assange, the WikiLeaks founder. Soon after the first articles were published, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton expressed fear that no one would ever talk to American diplomats again. |
| 当然，每次发生文件泄密，人们都会担心由此造成的持久损害，有时候这种担忧会被夸大。2010年就发生过这种情况，当时《纽约时报》发表了一系列名为“国家机密”的文章，对当时在伊拉克服役的陆军二等兵切尔西·曼宁从大量电报中窃取的部分文件进行了详细分析，那些文件由维基解密创始人朱利安·阿桑奇公之于众。在第一批文章发表后不久，时任国务卿的希拉里·克林顿说，她担心再也没有人会跟美国外交官交谈了。 |
| “In addition to endangering particular individuals, disclosures like these tear at the fabric of the proper function of responsible government,” she told reporters in the Treaty Room of the State Department. Of course, they did keep talking — though many foreign officials say that when they speak today, they edit themselves with the knowledge that they may be quoted in department cables that leak in the future. |
| 她在国务院的条约厅对记者说，“除了危及特定的个人之外，像这样的泄密还会破坏相关政府部门的正常运转。”当然，他们并没有因此就不再发言——尽管许多外国官员表示，他们现在讲话时会进行自我的编辑，因为他们知道，他们的话可能会出现在未来泄密的国务院电报中。 |
| When Mr. Snowden released vast amounts of data from the National Security Agency, collected with a $100 piece of software that just gathered up archives he had access to at a facility in Hawaii, there was similar fear of setbacks in intelligence collection. The agency spent years altering programs, at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars, and officials say they are still monitoring the damage now, a decade later. In September, Mr. Putin granted Mr. Snowden, a low-level intelligence contractor, full Russian citizenship; the United States is still seeking to bring him back to face charges. |
| 在斯诺登公开了国家安全局的大量数据后，人们对情报收集遭遇挫折也有过类似的担忧（这些数据是用一款价值100美元的软件收集的，只是他在夏威夷的一处设施可以接触到的档案）。国安局耗资数亿美元，花了数年时间对程序进行修改，官员们表示，十年后的今天，他们仍在对损害情况进行监测。去年9月，普京授予低级情报承包商斯诺登正式的俄罗斯国籍；美国仍在寻求将他引渡回国接受指控。 |
| But both Ms. Manning and Mr. Snowden said they were motivated by a desire to reveal what they viewed as transgressions by the United States. “This time it doesn’t look ideological,” Mr. Alperovitch said. The first appearance of some of the documents seems to have taken place on gaming platforms, perhaps to settle an online argument over the status of the fight in Ukraine. |
| 但曼宁和斯诺登都表示，他们的动机是揭露美国这些在他们看来属于胡作非为的行为。“这次，它看起来不像是出于意识形态，”阿尔佩罗维奇说。其中一些文件最早似乎是出现在游戏平台上，或许是为了在一场关于乌克兰战事的网络争论中胜出。 |
| “Think about that,” Mr. Alperovitch said. “An internet fight that ends up in a massive intelligence disaster.” |
| “想想看，”阿尔佩罗维奇说，“一场网络骂战最终演变成一场大规模的情报灾难。” |
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