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| After two decades on loan to the Memphis Zoo, Ya Ya, a female giant panda, is heading home to China. To some animal welfare activists and Chinese people, it’s not a moment too soon. | 在被租借到孟菲斯动物园20年后，雌性大熊猫丫丫要回家了。对于一些动物福利活动人士和中国人来说，这一刻已是姗姗来迟。 |
| They are alarmed by videos and photos of Ya Ya in which she has mangy fur and looks somewhat thin. Two animal rights groups, In Defense of Animals and Panda Voices, have been campaigning to send her back to China “before her health worsens.” They have also blamed the zoo for the death of Ya Ya’s mate, Le Le, in February. | 看到丫丫的视频和照片，他们很担忧，照片中她的皮毛脏兮兮的，看起来有些消瘦。两个动物权利组织——保卫动物组织和熊猫之声——一直呼吁，“在她的健康恶化之前”将其送回国。他们还将丫丫的伴侣乐乐在2月的死亡归咎于动物园。 |
| The zoo strongly denies mistreating either panda, and it has issued a joint statement with Chinese officials explaining Ya Ya’s health issues. But the campaign has resonated on Chinese social media. Outraged users have analyzed the zoo’s “panda cam” videos in minute detail, looking for signs of abuse, and some have gone so far as to question China’s decades-old practice of using pandas as a tool for diplomacy. | 动物园强烈否认虐待这两只熊猫，并与中国官员发表联合声明，解释丫丫的健康问题。但这件事在中国的社交媒体上引起了强烈反响。愤怒的用户详细分析了动物园的“熊猫摄像头”视频，寻找虐待的迹象，有些人甚至质疑中国几十年来将熊猫作为外交工具的做法。 |
| A Chinese student in New York, Hugo Zhang, said he became so concerned about Ya Ya’s welfare that he flew to Memphis during his spring break to see her in person. | 纽约的中国留学生雨果·张说，他非常担心丫丫的安危，所以在春假期间，他飞到孟菲斯亲自看望她。 |
| “She was in bad shape physically, and appeared to be seriously suffering from skin disease,” Mr. Zhang said by telephone. He said the bamboo she was being fed didn’t look fresh to him. | “她的身体状况很差，而且似乎患有严重的皮肤病，”张先生在电话中说。他还说，她吃的竹子在他看来也不够新鲜。 |
| China has engaged in “panda diplomacy” since 1972, when its leader Mao Zedong promised two of the animals to President Richard M. Nixon. In 1984, China — the only country where pandas can be found in the wild — finalized an arrangement in which they would be sent to overseas zoos for 10 years at a time. | 中国从1972年开始“熊猫外交”，当时中国领导人毛泽东向尼克松总统许诺赠送两只熊猫。1984年，中国（唯一在野外有大熊猫存活的国家）敲定了一项安排，以10年为期将大熊猫送往海外的动物园。 |
| Eighteen countries now have pandas on loan from China; they arrive in pairs, inevitably with great fanfare. Analysts say China uses them to project a friendly image and to reward countries it’s pleased with. (When President Emmanuel Macron of France visited China last week, a French zoo director was in his delegation; on Tuesday, French and Chinese media reported that two pandas at the ZooParc de Beauval, Huan Huan and Yuan Zai, would have their stay extended through 2027.) | 现在有18个国家从中国租借大熊猫；它们成对到达，不可避免地引发轰动。分析人士说，中国利用它们来塑造友好形象，并奖励让中国感到满意的国家。（法国总统马克龙上周访华时，代表团中有一位法国动物园园长；周二，法国和中国媒体报道称，博瓦勒动物园的两只大熊猫“欢欢”和“圆仔”的租期将延长至2027年。) |
| Matthew Fraser, an associate professor at the American University of Paris specializing in soft power and geopolitics, said that Beijing uses pandas to leverage its interests with trading partners. While politics are rarely cited explicitly when pandas are returned, he added, such gestures are often full of symbolic meaning, since the species is native only to China and inevitably become star attractions — and main revenue drivers — at zoos. | 巴黎美国大学专攻软实力和地缘政治的副教授马修·弗雷泽表示，北京利用熊猫从贸易伙伴那里谋求利益。他还说，虽然在归还大熊猫的时候很少明确提及政治，但这种姿态往往充满了象征意义，因为这种动物是中国独有，而且必定会成为动物园的明星和主要收入来源。 |
| “Almost always when China gives a panda to a zoo in another country, it is usually facilitating some kind of good will and very frequently a trade deal,” he said in a phone interview. “When China takes back a panda, it’s usually because the regime is very displeased for some reason.” | “几乎每次中国将一只大熊猫送给另一个国家的动物园时，通常都是在示好，往往是为了达成贸易协议，”他在接受电话采访时说。“当中国收回一只大熊猫时，通常是因为当局出于某种原因感到非常不高兴。” |
| Ya Ya, who turns 24 this month, is at the end of her second 10-year stint at the zoo, having arrived in Memphis with Le Le in 2003. On Tuesday, Wang Wenbin, a spokesman for China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said a Chinese expert and two employees of the Beijing Zoo were working with the Memphis Zoo to prepare for Ya Ya’s relocation. | 本月满24岁的丫丫即将结束她在孟菲斯动物园的第二个10年。2003年，它与乐乐一起来到这里。周二，中国外交部发言人汪文斌表示，北京动物园的一名中国专家和两名工作人员正在与孟菲斯动物园合作，为转移丫丫做准备。 |
| “The overall condition of the giant panda is relatively stable except for the fur condition caused by skin disease,” Mr. Wang said. “The Chinese side has already made preparations to welcome Ya Ya home.” | “除皮肤病导致的毛发脱落外，整体状态相对平稳，”汪文斌说。“中方现已做好接返大熊猫丫丫回国的各项准备。” |
| Rebecca Winchester, a spokeswoman for the Memphis Zoo, said the zoo had regularly provided Chinese officials with data about Ya Ya’s health. She said the panda had a genetic condition that affected her immune system and made her fur look patchy. And at 190 pounds, she said, Ya Ya is naturally on the smaller side. | 孟菲斯动物园发言人丽贝卡·温彻斯特说，动物园一直定期向中国官员提供丫丫的健康数据。她说，这只熊猫的遗传病影响了她的免疫系统，使她的皮毛看起来不好。而86公斤的丫丫本身就属于身材偏小。 |
| When Ya Ya paces in her enclosure — another detail that alarmed people on social media — she is likely exhibiting the hormonal influence of estrus, which female pandas undergo once a year, Ms. Winchester said. | 丫丫在它的围栏里踱来踱去是另一个在社交媒体上引起人们警觉的细节，温彻斯特说，当时这很可能是它受到发情期的荷尔蒙影响的表现，雌性大熊猫每年都会经历一次发情期。 |
| “It is heartbreaking to have an entire narrative out there,” Ms. Winchester said when asked about the criticism. “First of all it is hard to control. You don’t speak the same language, and it is not easy to travel to Memphis and see her with their eyes.” | “外面有一套完全不同的说法，这令人心碎，”当被问及批评时，温彻斯特说。“首先，这很难控制。你们说的不是同一种语言，而且来孟菲斯亲眼见到它并非易事。” |
| Some of the zoo’s critics were apparently opposed to animal captivity in general. “CLOSE ALL ZOOS!” one wrote on the zoo’s Facebook page. | 动物园的一些批评者显然是在总体上反对圈养动物。“关闭所有动物园！”一名用户在动物园的Facebook页面上写道。 |
| In a report last year, published in response to concerns on social media, the Chinese Association of Zoological Gardens said that when Ya Ya first arrived in Memphis, experts suspected that she had mites, from which her mother had also suffered, and for which Ya Ya had undergone treatments with mixed results. The report also said she had lost weight since experiencing a “phantom pregnancy” in 2021. | 去年，中国动物园协会针对社交媒体上的担忧发布了一份报告，称丫丫刚到孟菲斯时，专家就怀疑它有螨虫，它的母亲也患有螨虫性皮肤病，因此丫丫接受了治疗，结果好坏参半。报道还称，自从2021年经历“假孕”后，她的体重有所下降。 |
| In December, the zoo and the Chinese association announced that Ya Ya and Le Le would return to China in the spring. But Le Le died two months later, at 24. Another joint statement said he had likely died from heart disease. (Wild pandas have a life expectancy of 15 to 20 years, while captive pandas typically live for about 30 years.) | 12月，孟菲斯动物园和中国动物园协会宣布，丫丫和乐乐将于春季回国。但乐乐在两个月后去世，终年24岁。另一份联合声明称，他很可能死于心脏病。（野生大熊猫的预期寿命为15至20岁，而圈养大熊猫的寿命通常为30岁左右。） |
| Chinese fans were glad she was coming home, and some said she should never have left. A video blogger who uses the nickname Yue Yue visited the panda enclosure; calling out in the dialect of giant pandas’ native province, Sichuan, she told Ya Ya to eat more and that she’d be home soon. | 中国粉丝很高兴它能回家，有些人说它原本就不该离开。昵称“悦悦”的视频博主参观了熊猫馆；她用四川方言喊丫丫多吃点，很快就到家了，四川是大熊猫的出生地。 |
| No exact date has been set for Ya Ya’s trip home, because a federal agency still needs to finalize a permit for her travel. But she was given a send-off at the zoo last week, featuring speeches and performances from local Chinese organizations. Earlier, the zoo had filmed a less formal farewell, marching a goat, a tortoise, an aardvark, a sloth, a porcupine and a penguin up to Ya Ya’s enclosure, where she nibbled on a stalk and presumably accepted their well wishes. | 丫丫回家的确切日期尚未确定，因为联邦机构仍需要最终确定她的旅行许可。但动物园上周为它举办了欢送仪式，当地华人组织做了致辞和表演。早些时候，动物园拍摄了一段非正式的告别视频，一只山羊、一只乌龟、一只土豚、一只树懒、一只豪猪和一只企鹅来到了丫丫的场馆，它在那里啃着竹子，想必是接受了它们的祝福。 |
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