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| SEOUL — For more than three decades, North Korea has sent workers abroad to make money for its regime. |
| 首尔——三十多年来，朝鲜一直派遣工人出国务工，为政府赚钱。 |
| These workers have toiled in logging camps in Russia, factories and restaurants in China and farms and shipyards in Eastern Europe. They have sweated in construction sites in the Middle East and worked as doctors in African hospitals. |
| 这些工人在俄罗斯的伐木营地、中国的工厂和餐馆，以及东欧的农场和造船厂辛勤劳作。他们在中东的工地上挥汗如雨，在非洲的医院当医生。 |
| They left their children or parents behind as hostages, their passports confiscated for fear that they may flee to South Korea |
| 他们将自己的孩子或父母留在国内做人质。出国后，政府担心他们可能逃往韩国，将他们的护照没收。 |
| Under the North’s leader, Kim Jong-un, the number of workers sent abroad to raise money for the regime increased to tens of thousands, making billions of dollars a year, according to South Korean estimates. A United Nations Security Council resolution required countries to expel the workers by the end of 2019. |
| 据韩国估计，在朝鲜领导人金正恩统治下，送到国外为政府打工挣钱的人数增加了好几万，他们每年能挣几十亿美元。联合国安理会曾通过一项决议，要求各国在2019年底前将朝鲜工人送回国。 |
| But thousands still remain in China and Russia, according to former workers and a new report on North Korean human rights published by the South’s Unification Ministry over the weekend. With borders closed during the pandemic, many have been trapped, with no choice but to continue toiling away for their government. |
| 但据朝鲜曾经的出国劳务人员的说法，以及韩国统一部周末发布的一份关于朝鲜人权的新报告，仍有数以千计的朝鲜工人在中国和俄罗斯留了下来。由于新冠病毒大流行期间边境关闭，许多朝鲜劳工被困在了国外，他们别无选择，只能继续为政府辛勤劳作。 |
| China and Russia, which have sought to make the North a more useful partner in their rivalry with the United States, have become loopholes in enforcing the U.N. ban, helping the North earn badly needed cash as it deals with the fallout of international sanctions and the pandemic. |
| 中国和俄罗斯试图让朝鲜在它们与美国的竞争中成为更有用的伙伴，两国已成为执行联合国禁令的漏洞，帮助朝鲜政权获取急需的现金， 应对国际制裁的影响和新冠病毒大流行。 |
| On Thursday, the White House also accused Moscow of discussing a deal in which Pyongyang would ship weapons for Russia’s war in Ukraine in exchange for food and other commodities. |
| 上周四，白宫还指责莫斯科正在与朝鲜讨论一笔交易，让朝鲜政府向俄罗斯提供用于乌克兰战争的武器，来换取食物和其他商品。 |
| “North Korea has found various ways to evade sanctions and continue to send workers to Russia and China, including sending them out on student and tourist visas,” the report said. |
| “朝鲜已找到了各种逃避制裁的办法，并在继续向俄罗斯和中国输送劳工，包括使用学生签证和旅游签证派他们出国，”新报告写道。 |
| Uriminzokkiri, a North Korean website, called the new report “slander and fabrication.” |
| 朝鲜的民族团结网称这份新报告是“诽谤和捏造”。 |
| The report was based on a survey of more than 500 North Koreans who defected to South Korea between 2017 and 2022, providing one of the most up-to-date assessments of the human rights conditions of North Koreans, including those working overseas. |
| 新报告通过对2017年至2022年间叛逃到韩国的500多名朝鲜人做的调查，为朝鲜（包括在海外工作的朝鲜人）的人权状况提供了最新评估。 |
| It did not reveal the identities of those who participated in the survey. But two North Koreans who worked in Russia before defecting to the South last year confirmed key details in interviews with The New York Times. |
| 报告没有透露参与调查者的身份。但两名曾在俄罗斯打工、去年叛逃到韩国的朝鲜人在接受《纽约时报》采访时，证实了报告中的关键细节。 |
| The defectors spoke on condition of anonymity for fear that North Korean authorities would find and retaliate against their relatives back home. |
| 这两名脱北者要求不具名，因为担心朝鲜当局会找到他们在国内的亲人，对其进行报复。 |
| One of the defectors, 50, worked as a construction hand in Moscow from 2017 to last year. He and his colleagues lived in shipping containers at construction sites or on the ground floor of apartment buildings still under construction. |
| 其中一名现年50岁的脱北者从2017年到去年曾在莫斯科当建筑工人。他和同事住在建筑工地上用集装箱改造的简易公寓里，或仍在建设中的公寓楼的底层。 |
| They were alerted in advance of the local police arriving for inspections so they could hide, he said. |
| 他说，当地警察来工地检查之前，他们会事先收到通知，让他们躲起来。 |
| The workers were each required to earn $7,000 to $10,000 a year for their government. They also had to make various “loyalty” donations, including chipping in for funds purportedly being raised to renovate the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, a mausoleum in Pyongyang where Mr. Kim’s father and grandfather lie in state. |
| 劳工们每人每年必须为朝鲜政府挣7000至1万美元。他们还不得不为政府名目繁多的项目捐赠“忠诚”款，包括政府以翻修锦绣山太阳宫的名义筹集的资金。锦绣山太阳宫在平壤，金正恩父亲和祖父的遗体放在那里供人瞻仰。 |
| Supervisors kept the workers’ earnings until it was time for them to return home, giving them only 3,00 rubles ($38) a month to buy cigarettes, said a 41-year-old defector who worked in construction in Sakhalin, an island off the Russian Far East. |
| 一名现年41岁的脱北者说，他曾在俄罗斯远东地区的萨哈林岛建筑工地打工，工人在回国前，监工是不发工资的，每月只给他们3000卢布（约合263元人民币）的烟钱。 |
| After toiling for years, many of these workers remain broke with no savings. Others take home as much as $20,000 to $30,000 — an unimaginable amount in the huger-stricken North. |
| 多年苦干之后，这些朝鲜劳工中的许多人仍身无分文，没有积蓄。也有些人能把高达2万到3万美元的收入带回家，在经常闹饥荒的朝鲜，这是个难以想象的数字。 |
| North Koreans are not free to travel abroad. An average worker’s monthly salary — worth just 25 cents — can barely pay for a kilogram of rice. The Unification Ministry report also cited widespread human rights violations within North Korea, such as the shooting of people accused of trying to cross the border into China during the pandemic. |
| 朝鲜人不能自由出国旅行。国内普通工人的月薪不到两元人民币，勉强能买一公斤大米。韩国统一部的报告还列举了朝鲜国内普遍存在的侵犯人权行为，例如在新冠病毒大流行期间枪杀被指控试图越境进入中国的人。 |
| Working abroad has become such a coveted privilege that bribes are often paid to officials throughout the selection process. Workers also bribe supervisors to extend their stay rather than be sent home. |
| 去国外务工已成为一种令人梦寐以求的特权，以至于在选拔过程中，经常有人向官员行贿。为了能在国外多呆一段时间，工人们还贿赂监工。 |
| To Mr. Kim’s regime, which is increasingly pinched for foreign currency while pouring resources into a growing nuclear arsenal, these workers are a crucial source of cash. |
| 金正恩的政权正在为不断扩大核武库倾注资源，同时外汇也越来越紧缺，出国劳务是其外汇的重要来源。 |
| Before being sent abroad, the government carefully vets each person for political loyalty. People with relatives who have defected to the South are ineligible. So are people who have served in submarine and missile units with access to sensitive information. |
| 被派往国外之前，政府会仔细审查每个人在政治上是否可靠。有亲属叛逃到韩国的人不符合外派条件。曾在潜艇和导弹部队服役、接触过敏感信息的人也没有资格。 |
| Political minders follow the workers abroad, inspecting their letters for signs of disloyalty. When the workers are allowed to travel outside their dormitories to go shopping, they have to move in groups of three or four so they can spy on each other. |
| 跟着工人一起出国的还有政治监督员，他们检查大家的信件，看看其中是否有不忠的迹象。工人们被允许到宿舍以外的地方购物时，必须三四人同行，以便互相监视。 |
| Last week, President Yoon Suk Yeol of South Korea vowed to reveal “every detail” of the North’s human rights abuse, as his government struggles to find diplomatic leverage to force Pyongyang to give up its nuclear weapons. |
| 随着韩国政府极力寻找迫使平壤放弃核武器的外交手段，韩国总统尹锡悦上周发誓要揭露朝鲜侵犯人权的“每个细节”。 |
| Human rights groups have compared the conditions faced by North Korean workers abroad to “state-sponsored slavery.” Still, there remains a huge backlog of North Koreans waiting to be sent abroad once pandemic restrictions are fully lifted, according to the two defectors. |
| 人权组织将朝鲜劳工在海外的工作条件比作“国家支持的奴隶制”。尽管如此，那两名脱北者说，仍有大量朝鲜人在等着疫情限制完全解除后被派往国外。 |
| One big incentive the workers have over their starving compatriots is enough food to eat. They were also exposed to the internet, watching South Korean dramas out of view of their supervisors. |
| 激励工人去海外打工的一大原因是，他们在国外能吃饱饭，比国内忍饥受饿的同胞们强多了。他们还接触到了互联网，能在监工不注意的时候看韩剧。 |
| After a life in the totalitarian North, the 50-year-old defector said the smartphone he bought in secret while working abroad helped him realize that North Koreans lived like “frogs trapped in a deep well.” |
| 那名50岁的脱北者说，在极权主义的朝鲜生活了大半辈子后，他在国外打工时偷偷购买的一部智能手机帮他意识到，朝鲜人一直过着“井底之蛙”的生活。 |
| Now in Seoul, he is recuperating from recent cancer surgery. He said he wants to find work in construction in the South so he can save enough money to help smuggle his family. |
| 他现在住在首尔，最近刚做了肿瘤切除手术，正在康复。他说，他想在韩国找一份建筑行业的工作，让他能存下足够的钱，帮助家人从朝鲜偷渡出来。 |
| His smartphone’s screen saver flashed a photo of his smiling teenage daughter, still living in North Korea. |
| 他的智能手机屏幕保护程序里闪过一张他十几岁的女儿面带微笑的照片，女儿仍在朝鲜。 |
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