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| The World Health Organization rebuked Chinese officials on Friday for withholding research that may link Covid’s origin to wild animals, asking why the data had not been made available three years ago and why it is now missing.Before the Chinese data disappeared, an international team of virus experts downloaded and began analyzing the research, which appeared online in January. They say it supports the idea that the pandemic could have begun when illegally traded raccoon dogs infected humans at a Wuhan seafood market. |
| 世界卫生组织周五指责中国官员隐瞒可能将新冠病毒的起源与野生动物联系起来的研究，质疑为何三年前没有公布这些数据，而且现在为何又不见了。在中国的数据消失之前，一个由病毒专家组成的国际团队下载并开始分析这项于1月在网上出现的研究。他们表示，这支持了一种观点，即大流行可能是由武汉那座海鲜市场里非法交易的貉感染人类而开始的。 |
| But the gene sequences were removed from a scientific database once the experts offered to collaborate on the analysis with their Chinese counterparts. |
| 但是，当这些专家提出与中国同行合作进行分析之后，这些基因序列就被人从一个科学数据库中删除了。 |
| “These data could have — and should have — been shared three years ago,” Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the W.H.O.’s director general, said. The missing evidence now “needs to be shared with the international community immediately,” he said. |
| 世卫组织总干事谭德塞博士说：“这些数据本可以——也应该——在三年前就拿出来。”他说，现在“需要立即与国际社会分享缺失的证据”。 |
| According to the experts who are reviewing it, the research offers evidence that raccoon dogs, fox-like animals known to spread coronaviruses, had left behind DNA in the same place in the Wuhan market that genetic signatures of the new coronavirus also were discovered. |
| 据正在评估该研究的专家称，它提供了证据证明，在武汉那个发现了新冠病毒基因特征的市场里的同一地点，貉这种貌似狐狸、已知会传播新冠病毒的动物也留下了DNA。 |
| To some experts, that finding suggests that the animals may have been infected and may have transmitted the virus to humans. |
| 对一些专家来说，这一发现表明，这些动物可能已经感染了病毒，并可能将病毒传给了人类。 |
| With huge amounts of genetic information drawn from swabs of animal cages, carts and other surfaces at the Wuhan market in early 2020, the genetic data had been the focus of restless anticipation among virus experts since they learned of it a year ago in a paper by Chinese scientists. |
| 2020年初，大量基因信息从该市场的兽笼、手推车和其他物体表面获取的拭子中被提取，一年前，病毒专家们从中国科学家的一篇论文中得知这批基因数据的存在后，他们一直不安地期待着。 |
| A French biologist discovered the genetic sequences in the database last week, and she and a team of colleagues began mining them for clues about the origins of the pandemic. |
| 上周，一名法国生物学家在数据库中发现了这些基因序列，她和一组同事开始对其进行研究，寻找疫情起源的线索。 |
| That team has not yet released a paper outlining the findings. But the researchers delivered an analysis of the material to a W.H.O. advisory group studying Covid’s origins this week in a meeting that also included a presentation by Chinese researchers regarding the same data. |
| 该研究小组尚未发表概述研究结果的论文。但在本周的一次会议上，研究人员向世卫组织一个研究新冠病毒起源的咨询小组提交了一份材料分析报告，该会议还包括中国研究人员对相同数据的介绍。 |
| The analysis seemed to clash with earlier contentions by Chinese scientists that samples taken in the market that were positive for the coronavirus had been ferried in by sick people alone, said Sarah Cobey, an epidemiologist and evolutionary biologist at the University of Chicago who was not involved in the recent research. |
| 芝加哥大学流行病学家和进化生物学家莎拉·科比说，这一分析似乎与中国科学家早些时候的观点相冲突，他们认为，在市场上采集的冠状病毒阳性样本仅仅是由病人带来的。科比没有参与最近的研究。 |
| “It’s just very unlikely to be seeing this much animal DNA, especially raccoon dog DNA, mixed in with viral samples, if it’s simply mostly human contamination,” Dr. Cobey said. |
| “如果病毒样本主要是人类污染的话，那就不太可能看到这么多动物DNA，尤其是貉的DNA，与病毒样本混合在一起，”科比博士说。 |
| Questions remain about how the samples were collected, what precisely they contained and why the evidence had disappeared. In light of the ambiguities, many scientists reacted cautiously, saying that it was difficult to assess the research without seeing a complete report. |
| 关于这些样本是如何收集的，其中到底包含什么，以及为什么证据消失了，这些问题仍然没有答案。鉴于许多事情尚未厘清，许多科学家反应谨慎，表示在没有看到完整报告的情况下，很难评估这项研究。 |
| The idea that a lab accident could have accidentally set off the pandemic has become the focus of renewed interest in recent weeks, thanks in part to a fresh intelligence assessment from the Department of Energy and hearings held by the new Republican House leadership. |
| 最近几周，实验室事故可能意外引发大流行的观点重新成为人们关注的焦点，这在一定程度上要归功于能源部最新的情报评估，以及众议院新任共和党领导层举行的听证会。 |
| But a number of virus experts not involved with the latest analysis said that what was known about the swabs gathered in the market buttressed the case that animals sold there had sparked the pandemic. |
| 但一些没有参与最新分析的病毒专家表示，关于市场上采集的拭子的已知信息支持了在那里销售的动物引发大流行的说法。 |
| “It’s exactly what you’d expect if the virus was emerging from an intermediate or multiple intermediate hosts in the market,” Dr. Cobey said. “I think ecologically, this is close to a closed case.” |
| “如果这种病毒是由市场上的一个或多个中间宿主产生的，就正如你所预期的，”科比说。“我认为，从生态角度来看，这已经接近结案。” |
| Dr. Cobey was one of 18 scientists who signed an influential letter in the journal Science in May 2021 urging serious consideration of a scenario in which the virus could have spilled out of a laboratory in Wuhan. |
| 2021年5月，科比和18名科学家在《科学》杂志上签署发表了一封有影响力的信，敦促认真考虑病毒可能从武汉的一个实验室溢出的情况。 |
| On Friday, she said lab leaks continued to pose enormous risks and that more oversight of research into dangerous pathogens was needed. But Dr. Cobey added that an accumulation of evidence — relating to the clustering of human cases around the Wuhan market, the genetic diversity of viruses there, and now the raccoon dog data — strengthened the case for a market origin. |
| 周五，她表示，实验室泄漏继续构成巨大风险，需要对危险病原体的研究进行更多监督。但科比还说，越来越多的证据——该市场周围的人类病例聚集，那里的病毒遗传多样性，以及现在貉的数据——加强了市场起源的观点。 |
| The new genetic data do not appear to prove that a raccoon dog was infected with the coronavirus. Even if it had been, the possibility would remain that another animal could have passed that virus to people, or even that someone infected with the virus could have transmitted it to a raccoon dog. |
| 新的基因数据似乎并不能证明貉感染了新冠病毒。即使貉感染了，使人类感染病毒的也仍有可能是别的动物，或者甚至可能是感染了该病毒的人传染给了貉。 |
| Some scientists stressed those points on Friday, saying that the new genetic data did not appreciably shift the discussion about the pandemic’s origins. |
| 周五，一些科学家强调了这些观点，称新的基因数据并未明显改变关于大流行病起源的讨论。 |
| “We know it’s a promiscuous virus that infects a bunch of species,” said David Fisman, an epidemiologist at the University of Toronto, who also signed the May 2021 letter in Science. |
| 多伦多大学流行病学家戴维·菲斯曼也在《科学》杂志2021年5月的公开信上署了名，他说：“我们知道这是一种混杂的病毒，会感染许多物种。” |
| Chinese scientists had released a study in February 2022 looking at the market samples. Some scientists speculated that the Chinese researchers might have posted the data in January because they were required to make them available as part of a review of their study by a scientific journal. |
| 中国科学家于2022年2月发布了一项针对华南海鲜市场样本的研究。一些科学家推测，中国研究人员可能曾在1月发布过这些数据，因为按照要求他们需要提供这些数据，用于研究报告的评议。 |
| The Chinese study had suggested that samples that were positive for the virus had come from infected people, rather than from animals sold in the market. That fit with a narrative long promulgated by Chinese officials: that the virus sprang not only from outside the market, but also from outside the country altogether. |
| 中国的研究表明，病毒呈阳性的样本来自受感染的人，而不是来自市场上出售的动物。这与中国官员长期宣扬的说法相吻合：该病毒不仅来自市场之外，而且完全来自国外。 |
| But the Chinese report had left clues that viral material at the market had been jumbled together with genetic material from animals. And scientists said that the new analysis by the international team illustrated an even stronger link with animals. |
| 但中国的报告留下了线索，即市场上的病毒样本与动物遗传样本混杂在了一起。科学家们表示，国际研究团队的新分析表明与动物的联系更加紧密。 |
| “Scientifically, it doesn’t prove that raccoon dogs were the source, but it sure smells like infected raccoon dogs were at the market,” said Jeremy Kamil, a virologist at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport. |
| 路易斯安那州立大学什里夫波特健康科学中心的病毒学家杰里米·卡米勒说：“从科学上讲，这并不能证明貉是源头，但它确实让人猜测市场上曾有过受感染的貉。” |
| He added, “It raises more questions about what the Chinese government really knows.” |
| 他还说，“这引发了更多关于中国政府究竟掌握多少信息的疑问。” |
| Scientists cautioned that it was not clear that the genetic material from the virus and from raccoon dogs had been deposited at the same time. |
| 科学家警告说，目前尚不清楚来自病毒和貉的遗传物质是否是同时留下的。 |
| Depending on the stability of genetic material from the virus and the animals, said Michael Imperiale, a virologist at the University of Michigan, “they could have been deposited there at potentially widely different times.” |
| 密歇根大学病毒学家迈克尔·因佩里亚莱说，根据病毒和动物遗传物质的稳定度，“它们在那里留下的时间可能前后相距甚远。” |
| Still, Dr. Arturo Casadevall, an immunologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health who co-authored a recent study with Dr. Imperiale examining the origin of the coronavirus, said that linking animal and viral material nevertheless added to the evidence of a natural spillover event. |
| 尽管如此，约翰斯·霍普金斯大学布隆伯格公共卫生学院的免疫学家阿图罗·卡萨德瓦尔博士说，将动物和病毒遗传物质联系起来仍然是发生新冠病毒自然溢出事件的又一证据。他最近与因佩里亚莱博士合著了一项探讨新冠病毒起源的研究论文。 |
| “I would say it strengthens the zoonotic idea,” he said, “that is, the idea that it came from an animal at the market.” |
| “我认为它加强了人畜共患的观点，”他说，“也就是说，它来自市场上的动物。” |
| In the absence of the actual animal that first spread the virus to people, Dr. Casadevall said, assessing the origins of an outbreak would always involve weighing probabilities. In this case, animals sold at the market were removed before researchers began taking samples in early 2020, making it impossible to find a culprit. |
| 卡萨德瓦尔博士说，由于首次将病毒传播给人类的动物缺失，评估暴发的起源总要涉及对概率的权衡。在华南海鲜市场的情况里，市场上出售的动物在研究人员于2020年初开始取样之前就被移除，因此无法找到罪魁祸首。 |
| Tim Stearns, the dean of graduate and postgraduate studies at the Rockefeller University in New York, said that the latest finding was “an interesting piece of the puzzle,” though he said it was “not in itself definitive and highlights the need for a more thorough investigation.” |
| 纽约洛克菲勒大学研究生院院长蒂姆·斯特恩斯表示，这一最新发现是“一块有趣的拼图”，尽管他表示“它本身并不是决定性的，并强调需要进行更深入的调查”。 |
| For all the missing elements, some scientists said that the new findings highlighted just how much information scientists had managed to assemble about the beginnings of the pandemic, including home addresses for early patients and sequence data from the market. |
| 对于所有缺失的部分，一些科学家表示，这一新发现让人们看到，科学家们已经设法收集了很多关于大流行起点的信息，包括早期患者的家庭住址和来自市场的序列数据。 |
| Theodora Hatziioannou, a virologist at the Rockefeller University, said that it was critical that the raw data be released. But, she said, “I think the evidence is overwhelming at the moment toward a market origin.” |
| 洛克菲勒大学病毒学家西奥多拉·哈齐约安努表示，发布原始数据至关重要。但是，她说，“我认为目前有压倒性的证据指向市场起源。” |
| And the latest data, she said, “makes it even more unlikely that this started somewhere else.” |
| 她说，最新数据“使其他起源说法变得更不可能”。 |
| Felicia Goodrum, an immunobiologist at the University of Arizona, said that finding the virus in an actual animal would be the strongest evidence of a market origin. But finding virus and animal material in the same swab was close. |
| 亚利桑那大学的免疫生物学家费利西娅·古德勒姆说，市场来源的最有力证据是在现实世界的动物身上发现这种病毒。但是在同一个拭子中发现病毒和动物遗传物质也很接近。 |
| “To me,” she said, “this is the next best thing.” |
| “对我来说，”她说，“这仅次于最佳证据。” |
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