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| SEOUL — When it comes to South Korea and Japan, historical disputes have long clouded the relationship. The two countries have not had a state visit since 2011 because they couldn’t resolve territorial claims over a set of islets. They’ve argued vehemently over the Korean women who were forced into sexual slavery for Japan’s wartime military. | 首尔——说到韩国和日本，历史纠纷长期以来一直给两国关系蒙上阴影。自2011年以来，两国之间就没有过国事访问，因为它们无法解决围绕几座小岛的领土主张。双方还曾就韩国女性战时被迫沦为日军慰安妇问题展开激烈争论。 |
| But South Korea appears ready to make nice. | 但韩国似乎准备和好。 |
| In one of the most significant moves to improve ties between the two countries, the government of South Korea’s president, Yoon Suk Yeol, announced on Monday that South Korea would no longer demand that Japanese companies compensate their Korean victims of forced labor during World War II. Instead, Seoul will create a government-run fund that it will use to pay the victims directly. | 韩国总统尹锡悦的政府周一宣布，韩国将不再要求日本公司赔偿“二战”期间强迫劳动的韩国受害者，以此作为改善两国关系的最重要举措之一。取而代之的是，首尔将创建一个政府基金，用于直接向受害者支付费用。 |
| The move was seen as a clear indication that improving relations had become a greater priority between Seoul and Tokyo as Washington urged its two most steadfast allies in Asia to work closer together to help it face off with an increasingly assertive China and North Korea. President Biden called the deal “a groundbreaking new chapter of cooperation and partnership between two of the United States’ closest allies.” | 此举被视作一个明显的迹象，表明随着华盛顿敦促其在亚洲的两个最坚定的盟友更紧密地合作，以帮助其应对日益强硬的中国和朝鲜，改善关系已成为首尔和东京之间更重要的优先事项。拜登总统称该协议为“美国两个最亲密盟友之间合作与伙伴关系的开创性新篇章”。 |
| Victims and their supporters in South Korea described the announcement as a “humiliating” concession made by Mr. Yoon in his overzealous drive to please Washington and improve ties with Japan, which colonized Korea from 1910 to 1945. | 韩国的受害者及其支持者形容此举是尹锡悦为取悦华盛顿和改善与日本的关系而做出的“羞辱性”让步。朝鲜半岛在1910年至1945年期间一直是日本的殖民地。 |
| Their main concern is that the money would not come directly from Japanese companies such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Nippon Steel, as stipulated by a 2018 South Korean Supreme Court decision. Both companies were among the Japanese businesses that relied on Korean forced labor during the war and were named in the lawsuit brought before the Supreme Court. South Korea hoped that Japanese companies would contribute to its fund, adding that Tokyo would not oppose if they made voluntary donations. | 他们主要担心的是，这笔钱不会依据2018年韩国最高法院的裁决直接来自三菱重工和日本制铁等日本公司。这两家公司都属于在战争期间使用韩国强制劳工的日本企业，并被列入提交给最高法院的诉讼中。韩国希望日本企业对其基金捐款，还说如果日本企业自愿捐款，东京不会反对。 |
| “I am not going to accept money even if I have to starve,” Yang Geum-deok, 94, one of the victims, told reporters on Monday, saying that she rejected the government’s solution because it was not compensation from Japan. | 受害者之一、94岁的杨金德（音）周一对记者说：“就算我不得不挨饿，我也不会接受钱。”她说她拒绝了政府的解决方案，因为赔偿不是来自日本。 |
| The compensation deal was the most notable action taken by either side to try and resolve the festering historical dispute. Japan has insisted that such matters were settled long ago, under a 1965 treaty that established postwar diplomatic ties. The disagreement over the issue has sent relations between the two countries to one of the lowest points in decades. They have retaliated against each other by imposing trade restrictions and boycotts. | 该赔偿协议是双方为解决日益恶化的历史争端而采取的最引人注目的行动。日本坚称，根据1965年一项建立战后外交关系的条约，此类问题早已得到解决。在这个问题上的分歧使两国关系跌至几十年来的最低点之一。双方通过实施贸易限制和抵制来相互报复。 |
| There was some indication that Japan would deliver its own concessions to Seoul after Monday’s announcement. Both nations’ trade ministries said that they would begin discussions on lifting export controls Japan imposed in 2019 that limited South Korea’s access to Japanese chemicals that are essential to its semiconductor industry. | 有迹象表明，在韩国周一宣布最新举动后，日本也将向首尔作出让步。两国贸易部表示，他们将开始讨论取消日本在2019年实施的出口管制，该管制限制韩国获取对其半导体行业至关重要的日本化学品。 |
| Daniel Sneider, a lecturer in international policy at Stanford University, described the agreement as “a compromise in which the Koreans have given far more than the Japanese” and added that Japan had done “the bare minimum.” | 斯坦福大学国际政策讲师丹尼尔·施奈德表示，该协议中“韩国人的付出远超日本人的妥协”，他还说，日本只做了“最低限度”的让步。 |
| By not giving directly to the South Korean victims, Mr. Sneider said, the Japanese government was not doing what was necessary to heal the rift between the two countries. Japan’s prime minister, Fumio Kishida, “has been dragged reluctantly to an agreement that he should have been able to reach easily, and he has yet to show the kind of moral leadership that’s really necessary to bring about real reconciliation between Korea and Japan,” he said. | 斯奈德说，日本政府没有直接向韩国受害者提供援助，没有尽力弥合两国之间的裂痕。他说，日本首相岸田文雄“不情愿地被迫达成一项他本应能够轻松达成的协议，而且他还没有表现出实现韩日真正和解所必需的那种道德领导力”。 |
| Japan offered no explicit apology for the treatment of conscripted laborers but instead pointed to a statement made in 1998 when then-Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi expressed a “deep remorse and heartfelt apology” for the “tremendous damage and suffering to the people of the Republic of Korea” during Japan’s colonial rule. | 日本没有就应征劳工的待遇明确道歉，而是提到了1998年时任首相小渊惠三的声明，他对“韩国人民在日本殖民统治时期遭受的巨大损害和苦难”表示“深切反省和衷心道歉”。 |
| Mr. Yoon has made improving ties with Tokyo one of his main diplomatic goals. Since he took office in May, he has expanded joint military drills with Japan and the United States and asked his people to see Japan as a “cooperative partner” rather than a “militarist aggressor.” | 尹锡悦把改善与日本的关系作为自己的主要外交目标之一。自去年5月上任以来，他扩大了与日本和美国的联合军事演习，并要求民众将日本视为“合作伙伴”，而不是“军国主义侵略者”。 |
| Mr. Yoon’s government defended Monday’s proposal as a “broad-minded” and “future-oriented” initiative. Seoul said on Monday that it hoped the Japanese companies that used Korean forced labor would also voluntarily contribute to the new fund. | 尹锡悦政府为周一的提议进行了辩护，称这是一个“心胸开阔”、“面向未来”的举措。首尔方面周一表示，希望使用韩国强征劳工的日本企业也能自愿向新基金捐款。 |
| So far, South Korea’s Supreme Court has awarded 15 victims a total of $3 million in compensation, though Japanese companies have refused to pay it. Of the 15 victims, only four have expressed support for the government’s new solution, their lawyers told reporters on Monday. Hundreds of other victims are still suing to be compensated. | 到目前为止，韩国最高法院已经判给15名受害者总计300万美元的赔偿，不过日本公司拒绝支付。在15名受害者中，只有四人表示支持政府的新解决方案，他们的律师在周一告诉记者。其他数百名受害者仍在起诉，要求获得赔偿。 |
| Lawyers said that the victims who reject the government’s solution will continue their legal battle and attempt to confiscate assets that the Japanese companies hold in South Korea. | 律师们表示，拒绝政府解决方案的受害者将继续进行法律斗争，并试图没收日本公司在韩国的资产。 |
| “Cooperation between South Korea and Japan is vitally important,” Foreign Minister Park Jin of South Korea said at a news conference on Monday announcing the proposal. “We should no longer neglect the deadlock in South Korea-Japan relations and must end the vicious cycle for our national interest.” | “韩国和日本之间的合作至关重要，”韩国外交部长朴振周一在宣布该提议的新闻发布会上说。“我们不能再忽视韩日关系的僵局，必须为了国家利益结束这种恶性循环。” |
| In Tokyo, Foreign Minister Yoshimasa Hayashi told reporters that Japan “appreciates” the South Korean proposal, noting that it was “not based on the assumption that Japanese companies will contribute” to the fund. Neither Mitsubishi nor Nippon have indicated that they would make any contributions. | 在东京，日本外务大臣林芳正对记者说，日本“赞赏”韩国的提议，并指出，韩国的提议“并非基于日本企业会向该基金捐款的假设”。三菱和日本都没有表示将会出资。 |
| But Japan also has a clear incentive to resolve its political tensions with South Korea, as it does not want to appear as though it is openly resisting Washington’s efforts to bring the three partners closer together. “Korea is now becoming global Korea,” said Nobukatsu Kanehara, a senior adviser at the Asia Group in Tokyo. “So we have to engage Korea more as a strategic partnership.” | 但日本也有明显的动机解决与韩国的政治紧张关系，因为它不想让人觉得它在公开抵制华盛顿将三方伙伴拉近的努力。亚洲集团驻东京高级顾问兼原信克说，“韩国现在正在成为全球的韩国。因此，我们必须更多地以战略伙伴关系的方式与韩国打交道。” |
| Seoul’s announcement came after months of negotiations with Tokyo. Mr. Park on Monday said that the Japanese government was unlikely to oppose contributions to the fund by Japanese companies as long as they were made voluntarily. | 首尔宣布这一消息是在与东京进行了几个月的谈判之后。朴振周一表示，日本政府不太可能反对日本企业向该基金捐款，只要捐款是自愿的。 |
| Tokyo has long insisted that all claims arising from its colonial rule — including those involving forced labor and sexually enslaved women — were settled when Japan provided South Korea with $500 million in aid and cheap loans as part of the 1965 treaty. | 东京长期以来坚持认为，日本殖民统治引起的所有索赔——包括强迫劳动和性奴役女性的索赔——都在1965年日本向韩国提供5亿美元援助和低息贷款时得到解决。 |
| South Korea put some of that money toward building its main highways and key industrial factories, like those owned by the steel-making giant Posco. Those South Korean businesses will be asked to donate to the new fund announced on Monday. | 韩国将其中一部分资金用于修建其主要的高速公路和关键工业工厂，比如钢铁制造巨头浦项钢铁拥有的那些工厂。这些韩国企业将被要求向周一宣布的新基金捐款。 |
| “The deal was a concession on the South Korean part in a historical dispute,” said Lee Won-deok, an expert on Japan at Kookmin University in Seoul. “But in the broad context of South Korea’s diplomatic strategy, this may be the only solution it has. Even if the dispute drags on, there is no guarantee that it can find a better solution or win more concessions from Japan.” | “该协议是韩国在历史争端中做出的让步，”首尔国民大学日本问题专家李元德（音）表示。“但从韩国外交战略的大背景来看，这可能是它唯一的解决方案。即使争端持续下去，也无法保证它能找到更好的解决方案，或赢得日本的更多让步。” |
| Mr. Lee said he expected Mr. Yoon to be invited to Japan as part of the deal. When Mr. Yoon meets Mr. Biden during his expected visit to the United States this spring, he will also have more diplomatic leverage, having addressed Washington’s urgent request to resolve such disputes and work more closely with Japan to confront regional challenges, Mr. Lee said. | 李元德说，作为协议的一部分，他预计尹锡悦将被邀请访问日本。李元德说，预计尹锡悦在今年春天访问美国，与拜登会面时，他也将拥有更多的外交筹码，因为他已经解决了华盛顿提出的解决此类争端，并与日本更紧密合作，以应对地区挑战的紧急要求。 |
| Still, representatives of the political opposition in South Korea called the deal a “capitulation.” | 不过，韩国政治反对派的代表称该协议是“投降”。 |
| “Today will go down as one of the worst diplomatic disasters in the history of South Korea-Japan relations,” said a joint statement from 53 opposition lawmakers. “This is the day when South Korea, a victim country, knelt in surrender to Japan, the perpetrating country.” | “今天将成为韩日关系史上最严重的外交灾难之一，”53名反对党议员发表联合声明称。“今天是受害国韩国向作恶国日本下跪投降的日子。” |
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