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| TWENTYNINE PALMS, Calif. — Sitting around a plastic folding table in a dusty tent, a half-dozen officers of the Hawaii-based Third Marine Littoral Regiment took a very short break from days of fighting on little to no sleep. |
| 加利福尼亚州二十九棕榈村——布满灰尘的帐篷里摆着一张塑料折叠桌，桌傍坐着六名以夏威夷为基地的第三海军陆战队滨海作战团的军官，在进行了几天几夜几乎无眠的战斗后，他们在做短暂的休息。 |
| The war, they said, was going well. |
| 战斗进展顺利，他们说。 |
| The unit, newly created and innovative in nature, was facing its toughest test yet — a 10-day mock battle across Southern California, where a series of military bases played the role of an island chain. Though outnumbered by the regiment it was fighting, the team from Hawaii had an edge. |
| 这支新成立的以创新为特征的部队正面临着迄今为止最严峻的考验：在南加州进行为期10天的模拟战，由一系列军事基地模拟岛屿链。尽管这支来自夏威夷的部队在人数上不及对手团，但它有优势。 |
| The team was built to fight on islands and along coastal shorelines, the “littoral region” in military parlance. It had also been given special equipment and the freedom to innovate, developing new tactics to figure out one of the service’s highest priorities: how to fight a war against Chinese forces in their own backyard, and win. |
| 这支部队是为在岛屿和沿海岸线（用军事术语说就是littoral region，即沿海地区）作战而设立的。它拥有特殊装备，还被赋予创新的自由，它正在研制的新战术是海军陆战队的最高优先事项之一：如何在中国军队的后院与解放军打仗并取胜。 |
| Although far from the ocean, the base at Twentynine Palms offers about 1,200 square miles to train, more than all of the Marine Corps’ other training bases combined. Days ago, the two sides were dropped off here about 12 miles from each other. Then it was time to fight. |
| 位于二十九棕榈村的基地虽然远离海洋，但提供了3100多平方公里的训练场地，比海军陆战队所有其他训练基地的总面积都大。几天前，交战的双方进入了这个基地，它们的位置相距约20公里。然后战斗打响了。 |
| No live ammunition was used, but that was essentially the only rule. Evaluators alongside them graded everything they did, assessing hits and misses and pulling troops out of the action when they had been “killed.” |
| 虽然没有使用实弹，但那基本上是这场战斗的唯一交战规则。战场上除了交战双方还有评估人员，他们为所有行动打分，评定是否命中，并在部队被“歼灭”时将他们撤出。 |
| Over the next two years, the new unit will have a relentless schedule, with about four or five times as many exercises as most infantry regiments. Its next big test will be in the Philippines in April. |
| 未来两年，这支新部队将有非常严格的日程安排，要进行次数大约是大多数步兵团四到五倍的演习。它将于今年4月在菲律宾面临下一次重大考验。 |
| The Marines anticipate a very different kind of battlefield in the future than those of the post-9/11 wars. Today, enemy and civilian spy satellites alike fly overhead and anyone turning on a small radio or cellphone can be targeted with long-range rockets and missiles. |
| 美国海军陆战队预计，未来战场将与“9·11”事件后的战场非常不同。今天的战场上空同时飞着敌方和民用间谍卫星，任何使用小型无线电收发报机或手机的人都可能成为远程火箭和导弹的打击目标。 |
| “We have to unlearn the way that we were trained,” said Gen. David H. Berger, the service’s top general, noting that 20 years ago, infantry Marines in the field typically called their commanders via radio on the hour every hour. “You have to have an incredible amount of trust when you haven’t heard from your Marines for several days.” |
| “我们必须忘掉以前的训练教给我们的东西，”海军陆战队司令戴维·伯杰上将说。他指出，20年前，战场上的海军陆战队步兵通常每小时在整点时刻通过无线电向指挥官汇报战情。“当好几天没有你的海军陆战队部队的消息时，你不得不对他们有极大的信任。” |
| The exercise is essentially a life-or-death version of hide and seek, with far-flung military bases in California — at Barstow, Camp Pendleton, Twentynine Palms and an outpost on San Clemente Island about 70 miles offshore from San Diego — all standing in for an unnamed Pacific island chain. |
| 这次模拟战本质上是一场关乎生死与存亡的捉迷藏，用分布在加州巴斯托、彭德尔顿营、二十九棕榈村的军事基地以及距圣迭哥约110公里的圣克莱门特岛上的一个前哨来代替一个未名的太平洋岛链。 |
| With America’s relations with China deteriorating over Beijing’s actions — most recently because of its aggressive moves on Taiwan, its attempts to intimidate Japan, its violation of U.S. airspace with a spy balloon and its support for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine — the mission of preparing for a potential future conflict in Pacific island chains was important enough that about a half-dozen generals, including the Marine commandant, came to see the results of the exercise for themselves. |
| 美中关系正因中国政府的做法恶化，最近的所作作为包括对台湾采取咄咄逼人的行动、试图恐吓日本、用间谍气球侵犯美国领空，以及支持俄罗斯入侵乌克兰。在这个时候，为太平洋岛链的潜在未来冲突做准备的任务已足够重要，使得包括海军陆战队司令在内的约六名将官军衔的人亲自前来观摩演习的结果。 |
| “Each year they are expanding their deployments,” General Berger said of the Chinese naval forces in an interview. “Not only in terms of the complexity of them, but also the distances they cover.” |
| “他们每年都在扩大他们的部署，”伯杰在接受采访时谈到中国海军时说。“不仅在复杂性方面，也在覆盖的距离方面。” |
| China’s navy, General Berger said, was now taking a page from the U.S. Navy, operating in strike groups, with destroyers and other warships escorting an aircraft carrier. |
| 伯杰说，中国海军现在正在效仿美国海军的打击群战术，用驱逐舰和其他军舰为航空母舰护航。 |
| The littoral Marines may serve as spotters who pass along the position of enemy forces to American warplanes, ships or submarines to attack. Or, the Marines could take those shots themselves. |
| 海军陆战队的沿海作战部队可以充当侦查员，把敌军的位置发给美国军用飞机、船只或潜艇，以进行打击。或者，海军陆战队的沿海作战部队能自己对敌军进行打击。 |
| They are learning how to place networked sensors that monitor tiny fluctuations in the electromagnetic spectrum — from walkie-talkies, radars and other transmitters — to find enemy troops, using classified surveillance technologies previously available only to three-star generals. |
| 这支部队正在学习如何布置联成网络的传感器，用它来监测来自对讲机、雷达和其他发射器的电磁频谱的微小波动，以发现敌军，他们使用的技术保密级别很高，以前只有三星级的将军们才能接触。 |
| To fight in that part of the world, General Berger created the Third Marine Littoral Regiment as a fighting unit unlike any other. Instead of having three infantry battalions of roughly 800 Marines each, it has one — the other two are ideas borrowed from much larger task forces: an antiaircraft battalion that is testing new weapons and tactics, and a logistics battalion. |
| 为了在那个地区作战，伯杰成立了海军陆战队第三滨海作战团，这是一支与众不同的战斗部队。海军陆战队的步兵团通常包括三个步兵营，每个营约有800名队员。新作战团下面不是三个步兵营，而是一个，另外两个营借用的是规模更大的特遣部队的想法：一个是正在测试新武器和战术的防空营，另一个是后勤营。 |
| The unit includes a communications section more than 50 percent larger than that of a typical regiment, including several chief warrant officers with combat experience from Marine Forces Special Operations Command. |
| 这支部队下设的通信处比一般团的大50%，其中包括几名来自海军陆战队特种作战司令部有作战经验的一级准尉。 |
| Those specialists introduced the other Marines to new ways of thinking as well as technologies developed for covert operations — bouncing signals off layers of the atmosphere or using directional beams of infrared light that are difficult to detect, in short bursts carrying large amounts of digital text. |
| 这些有特殊技能的军人向其他海军陆战队员介绍了新的思维方式，以及为秘密行动研发的技术，比如用大气层反射信号或用难以检测的定向红外光束，在短时间内传送携带大量数码信息的文件。 |
| Military planners assume that any potential future battle with China may take place in what the Pentagon often refers to as the “first island chain,” which includes Okinawa and Taiwan down to Malaysia as well as the South China Sea and disputed islands in the Spratlys and the Paracels. |
| 军事规划者的假设是，未来与中国进行的任何潜在战斗可能会发生在五角大楼经常称之为“第一岛链”的地方，包括冲绳和台湾，直到马来西亚，以及南中国海里有主权争议的斯普拉特利群岛（中国称为南沙群岛——译注）和帕拉塞尔群岛（中国称之为西沙群岛——译注）。 |
| The “second island chain” includes the Philippines, going from Tokyo to Guam to south of Palau. |
| “第二岛链”包括菲律宾，以及从东京到关岛、再到帕劳以南的地方。 |
| The Marines’ new reality boils down to this: If you are emitting radio energy, you can be detected by the enemy. If detected, you can be located and seen. If seen, you can be targeted and killed. |
| 海军陆战队的新现实可归结为：如果你进行任何能量的无线电发射，就会被敌人发现。如果你的信号被检测到，你就能被定位并被看到。如果被看到，你就能成为打击目标并被歼灭。 |
| Resupply across islands hundreds or even thousands of miles apart, General Berger said, may not be something the Marines can count on. They may have to purchase food and fuel from the people who live there, desalinize ocean water to drink and use only enough munitions to do the job. |
| 伯杰说，为相距几百甚至几千公里的岛屿重新提供物资，也许不是海军陆战队可以指望的事情。部队也许不得不从住在岛上的人民那里购买食物和燃料，靠淡化海水提供饮水，并只能在作战时使用不过量的弹药。 |
| To that end, Marine officers going through basic training in Quantico, Va., are now learning how to capture and kill animals like rabbits to eat — a skill usually taught only to service members at high risk of capture, like aircrews and special operations troops. |
| 出于这种考虑，在弗吉尼亚州匡蒂科接受基本训练的海军陆战队军官们现在正在学习如何捕捉和杀死兔子等动物来获取食物的技能，这种技能以前通常只教给那些被俘虏风险高的军人，比如机组人员和特种作战部队。 |
| “The idea is you’re deploying with your Marines as self-sufficient as possible,” General Berger said. |
| “这个想法是，部署海军陆战队时让他们尽可能地自给自足，”伯杰说。 |
| By the time General Berger arrived at Twentynine Palms, the colonel commanding the Third Marine Littoral Regiment had pulled his troops back from the other bases across Southern California for a final battle, using CH-53 helicopters and Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft, just like he would if they were on actual islands. In a real conflict, he would move Marines around the Pacific via small ships as well. |
| 伯杰抵达二十九棕榈村时，指挥第三海军陆战队作战团的上校已将他的部队从南加州的其他基地撤回，以进行最后一场战斗。撤回部队使用了CH-53直升机和鱼鹰式倾转旋翼机，就像如果这场战斗是在真正的岛屿上进行时他会做的那样。在一场真正的冲突中，他也会使用小型船只将海军陆战队员们在太平洋岛屿间调动。 |
| The visiting delegation of Marine leaders had to stay in Camp Wilson, just outside the training area, and the only participants they could speak with were the majors and lieutenant colonels running backup command posts in off-limits areas guarded by concertina wire and armed Marines. |
| 前来观摩的海军陆战队军官代表团不得不留在演习区以外的威尔逊营，他们唯一可以与之交谈的模拟战参与者是那些运行后备指挥所的少校和中校们。后备指挥所位于用蛇腹形铁丝网围起来、有武装海军陆战队士兵守卫的禁区内。 |
| As the battle went on, tired and sunburned senior officers from the Seventh Marine Regiment, who have been playing the role of the enemy, offered up an assessment of their foe from their reserve command post. Every time the other side sent up a small quadcopter — and it did so often — at least some of their Marines had to stop what they were doing to visually keep tabs on them or to shoot them down. Even unarmed drones made the leaders’ jobs more difficult. |
| 随着战斗的进行，疲惫不堪并已被晒伤的高级军官们在他们的后备指挥所里对敌人进行了评估，这些军官来自一直在这场战斗中扮演敌方的海军陆战队第七团。对方每次派出一架小型四轴飞行器时（这种情况经常发生），他们海军陆战队员中至少有些人就不得不停下手中的工作，以目视方式监视它们或将其击落。即使是不带武装的无人机也让领导作战者的工作更加困难。 |
| The Seventh Marines usually quickly overwhelm opponents here. Twentynine Palms is their home turf, but the unit from Hawaii was keeping them at bay. |
| 第七海军陆战队作战团通常在这里迅速击败对手。二十九棕榈村是他们熟悉的地方，但来自夏威夷的部队一直让他们无法靠近。 |
| They especially did not like their opponents’ “loitering munitions” — small attack drones that can fly over an enemy’s position, beaming back video surveillance, then head directly at a target so that a small warhead explodes on impact. They were proving effective in destroying high-value targets like armored vehicles and anything that looked like a command post. |
| 扮演敌方的军官们尤其不喜欢对手的“徘徊火力”，也就是能飞越敌方阵地的小型无人攻击机，这些无人机在传回监视视频后，直接对准一个目标撞下来，让一个小型弹头在撞击目标时爆炸。它们被证明在摧毁高价值目标上十分有效，比如装甲车和任何看起来像是指挥所的物体。 |
| The Marines from the Seventh wished they had them, too. |
| 第七海军陆战队作战团希望他们也拥有这种小型无人攻击机。 |
| These Marines have been closely watching how combatants in Ukraine use such tiny drones and loitering munitions. When General Berger visited an air station in nearby Yuma, Ariz., the next day, a Marine fighter pilot said his unit was evaluating counter-drone technologies so that his fellow Marines would not one day “end up as TikTok videos” — a nod to the stream of videos on social media sites showing Russian troops being attacked by Ukrainian quadcopters dropping small grenades. |
| 这些海军陆战队员一直在密切观察乌克兰战斗人员是如何使用这种微型无人机和徘徊火力的。第二天，伯杰在视察亚利桑那州尤马附近的一个空军基地时，海军陆战队的一名战斗机飞行员说，他的部队正在对反无人机技术进行评估，为的是不让他的海军陆战队战友们有在哪一天“上了TikTok视频”的结局，他指的是该社交媒体平台上流传的、显示俄罗斯军队遭乌克兰四轴飞行器投下小型手榴弹袭击的视频。 |
| If called upon to fight in the Western Pacific, the Marines are also likely to make use of their most capable drones: the MQ-9 Reaper, which can drop bombs and fire missiles but is most valued for its ability to beam back information. |
| 如果被召唤到西太平洋作战的话，海军陆战队也可能要使用他们最强大的“MQ-9死神”无人机，这种无人机能投掷炸弹，也能发射导弹，但其最有价值的用途是传回信息的能力。 |
| In Yuma, Marines are flying the corps’ first two Reapers, which can take off from runways just 3,000 feet long — which means smaller islands can host them, greatly expanding their reach and making it more difficult for a potential adversary to find their airfields. |
| 尤马的海军陆战队正在飞行陆战队最初得到的两架“MQ-9死神”无人机，它们能从仅900多米长的跑道起飞，这意味着能把它们部署在较小的岛上，极大地扩展了它们的可达范围，并使潜在的对手更难找到停放它们的机场。 |
| The Marines’ version of the F-35 fighter, which buzzed overhead in Yuma, will be part of any future Pacific campaign as well. It can take off and land vertically, making it capable of launching airstrikes from even smaller islands. |
| 在尤马基地上空盘旋的海军陆战队版的F-35战斗机也将是未来太平洋战役的一部分。这种战斗机可以垂直起降，让它们能够从更小的岛屿上发动空中打击。 |
| At Twentynine Palms, the colonels commanding both regiments scanned for any signal — anything — that could tip them off to their adversary’s location. So the Marines in the field hid themselves physically and electronically the best they could. |
| 在二十九棕榈村的指挥所里，指挥这两个团的上校们扫视着所有信号，不放过任何能让他们知道敌人位置的东西。所以，战场上的海军陆战队员们将自己的物理位置和电子信号尽可能地隐蔽起来。 |
| The littoral regiment occasionally broke cover to use one of its signature weapons for an island fight, a missile that can hit ships more than 100 miles away and is launched from the back of a small truck — easy to move, hard to detect. |
| 滨海作战团有时会冲出隐蔽处，使用其标志性武器之一打一场岛屿战，那是一种从易于改变位置且难以被发现的小型卡车后部发射的、能从160多公里外击中船只的导弹。 |
| General Berger said that many of those strategic points in the ocean, and many of the islands that can cover them, have already been identified and written into contingency plans by the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command in Hawaii. |
| 伯杰说，设在夏威夷的美国印太司令部已经确定了太平洋中的许多战略要地，以及许多能覆盖这些要地的岛屿，将它们写入了应变计划。 |
| In the end, the Third Marine Littoral Regiment remained in control of its terrain and had fended off its opponents — which it considered a victory. |
| 模拟战以第三海军陆战队滨海作战团守住了阵地、击退了对手告终，这被视为胜利。 |
| All of the work done so far in Hawaii and California will soon benefit a new unit, the 12th Marine Littoral Regiment, which military leaders have said will be established in Okinawa in 2025. |
| 所有这些在夏威夷和加利福尼亚进行的工作不久将使另一支新部队受益，那就是第12海军陆战队滨海作战团，军方领导人已表示将于2025年在冲绳成立这个团。 |
| That unit, based in Japan, will be the closest to the island chains stretching many thousands of miles across the Pacific, which could become battlefields once again. |
| 这支以日本为基地的部队将位于离跨越太平洋数千公里的岛链最近的地方，这些岛屿有可能再次成为战场。 |
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