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| WASHINGTON — The former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention accused top federal health officials on Wednesday of excluding him from discussions in early 2020 about whether the coronavirus was the result of a laboratory leak — an assertion that one of the officials, Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, later said had “nothing to do with reality.” |
| 华盛顿——前美国疾病控制与预防中心主任周三指称，在2020年初就新冠病毒是否源自实验室泄漏展开讨论时，联邦高级卫生官员没有让他参与其中——其中一名官员安瑟尼·福奇博士后来表示，实验室泄漏说法“完全脱离现实”。 |
| Three years into the pandemic, the accusation by the former C.D.C. director, Dr. Robert R. Redfield, put a spotlight on the lingering bitterness and partisan divisions around the scientific question of the virus’s origins. |
| 疫情暴发三年后，前疾控中心主任罗伯特·雷德菲尔德博士的指控让围绕着病毒起源科学问题挥之不去的怨恨和党派分歧成为外界关注焦点。 |
| Dr. Redfield, a virologist who ran the C.D.C. during the Trump administration, believes the pandemic was most likely the result of a lab leak. He testified on Wednesday at the first hearing of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, which is digging into the origins of a virus that has killed nearly seven million people worldwide. |
| 在特朗普政府期间执掌疾控中心的病毒学家雷德菲尔德认为，这次大流行很可能是实验室泄漏的结果。他于周三在众议院新冠病毒大流行特别小组委员会的第一次听证会上作证，该小组委员会正在深入调查这种导致全球近700万人死亡的病毒的起源。 |
| The hearing produced no new evidence but plenty of political theater, and it made clear just how difficult it might be to turn up conclusive evidence about whether the virus escaped from a lab or spilled over from animals to humans naturally. It is a question worth answering, said Representative Ami Bera, Democrat of California, a doctor who serves on the subcommittee and said he was agnostic on the issue. |
| 听证会没有给出新的证据，却上演了大量的政治戏，同时它也清楚地表明，要拿出确凿的证据来证明这种病毒是由实验室逃逸还是从动物自然传播给人类是非常困难的。加州民主党众议员阿米·贝拉说，这是一个值得回答的问题。在该小组委员会任职的贝拉是一名医生，他说自己对这个问题持不可知态度。 |
| “Assigning blame is not going to bring back seven million people,” Mr. Bera said in an interview. “But it might prevent another seven million deaths, if we understand what happened.” |
| “指责并不能让700万人复活，”贝拉在接受采访时说，“但如果我们知道发生了什么，也许就能防止另外700万人死亡。” |
| Dr. Redfield said the answer would probably come from intelligence agencies, not scientists, and lawmakers of both parties seem to agree. Last week, the Senate passed a bill ordering the declassification of intelligence related to the Wuhan Institute of Virology, a laboratory that specializes in coronavirus research in Wuhan, China, where the pandemic began. The House is expected to take up the measure on Friday. |
| 雷德菲尔德说，答案可能来自情报机构，而不是科学家，两党议员似乎都同意这一点。上周，参议院通过了一项动议，要求解密与武汉病毒研究所有关的情报，该研究所是一家专门从事新冠病毒研究的实验室，位于大流行的发源地中国武汉。预计众议院将于周五审议该动议。 |
| In the United States, the notion that the coronavirus emerged from a lab was initially dismissed as a conspiracy theory by critics of President Donald J. Trump, who embraced the idea while trying to blame China for the pandemic. But it is now getting a second look, in part because new intelligence has led the Energy Department to conclude, with low confidence, that the pandemic was most likely the result of a lab accident. |
| 在美国，新冠病毒来自实验室的说法最初被唐纳德·特朗普总统的批评者视为阴谋论，而特朗普总统接受实验室起源观点，同时试图将大流行归咎于中国。但现在，人们开始重新审视它，部分原因是新的情报使能源部以低置信度得出结论，认为这场大流行最有可能是一次实验室事故造成的。 |
| “There is no smoking gun proving a laboratory origin hypothesis, but the growing body of circumstantial evidence suggests a gun that is at very least warm to the touch,” said another witness at the House hearing, Jamie Metzl, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council who worked in the Clinton administration and described himself as a Democrat. |
| 众议院听证会上的另一名证人杰米·梅茨尔说，“没有确凿的证据证明实验室来源假说，但越来越多的间接证据表明，这至少不是捕风捉影。”梅茨尔是大西洋理事会高级研究员，曾在克林顿政府任职，自称为民主党人。 |
| In making the case for a laboratory leak, multiple witnesses focused on a particular feature of the virus that causes Covid-19. That feature, called a furin cleavage site, helps the virus efficiently infect human cells. |
| 在提出实验室泄漏的理由时，多名证人集中关注新冠病毒导致疫情的一个特定特征。这种特征被称为弗林蛋白酶切割位点，有助于病毒有效地感染人类细胞。 |
| No evidence has yet emerged showing that the Wuhan lab’s researchers had any virus in its collections that could have been altered to make the virus that causes Covid-19. Scientists have said natural evolutionary processes could easily explain the presence of the furin cleavage site. |
| 目前还没有证据表明，武汉实验室的研究人员收集的病毒中有任何可能被改造成导致新冠疫情的病毒。科学家们说，自然进化过程可以很容易地解释弗林蛋白酶切割位点的存在。 |
| While close known relatives of the coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan are missing a furin cleavage site, many other coronaviruses have that same signature feature, including coronaviruses that cause colds. |
| 虽然武汉出现的新冠病毒的已知近亲缺少弗林蛋白酶切割位点，但许多其他冠状病毒具有相同的特征，包括引起感冒的冠状病毒。 |
| Dr. Redfield testified that he was alarmed by the furin cleavage site, which, he said, “totally changes the orientation now so it has high affinity for human receptors,” transforming its ability to bind to human cells. |
| 雷德菲尔德作证说，他对弗林蛋白酶切割位点感到震惊，他说，“它对人类受体具有很高的附着力，现在方向完全变了，”改变了它与人类细胞结合的能力。 |
| But coronaviruses, including bat coronaviruses discovered in Laos in 2020, can latch onto human cells without a furin cleavage site. Stephen Goldstein, a virologist at the University of Utah, said the furin site affected the virus’s route of entry into cells, but not its binding ability. |
| 但是冠状病毒——包括2020年在老挝发现的蝙蝠冠状病毒——可以在没有弗林蛋白酶切割位点的情况下附着在人类细胞上。犹他大学病毒学家斯蒂芬·戈德斯坦表示，弗林蛋白酶位点影响病毒进入细胞的途径，但不影响其结合能力。 |
| “Everything he said was wrong,” Dr. Goldstein said of Dr. Redfield. “Robert Redfield is either ignorant or lying to Congress.” |
| “他说的全是错的，”戈德斯坦谈到雷德菲尔德时说。“罗伯特·雷德菲尔德要么无知，要么在对国会撒谎。” |
| Dr. Redfield’s accusation that he was excluded from discussions over the virus’s origins revolves around email exchanges and a phone conversation in early February 2020 — a month before the World Health Organization declared a pandemic — in the rush to figure out where the new virus had come from. |
| 雷德菲尔德称他被排除在有关病毒起源的讨论之外，这一指责的核心是2020年2月上旬为了尽快找出新病毒的来源而进行的电子邮件沟通和一次通话，那是世界卫生组织宣布大流行疫情的前一个月。 |
| At the time, some scientists said the furin cleavage site made them wonder whether the virus had been engineered. The emails show that Dr. Jeremy Farrar, a British medical researcher, set up a call so scientists could discuss it. Dr. Fauci, at the time the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Dr. Francis S. Collins, who led the National Institutes of Health, were on the call. |
| 当时，一些科学家表示，弗林蛋白酶的切割位点让他们怀疑这种病毒是否经过改造。电子邮件显示，英国医学研究员杰里米·法拉尔安排了电话会议，以便科学家们进行讨论。时任美国国家过敏和传染病研究所所长的福奇和领导美国国立卫生研究院的弗朗西斯·S·柯林斯都参加了电话会议。 |
| Dr. Redfield said he did not find out about the call until much later, when the emails became public. The messages do not refer to or name Dr. Redfield. But he told lawmakers that when he learned of them, he concluded that Dr. Fauci and Dr. Collins had intentionally excluded him because he believed the virus had originated in a lab. |
| 雷德菲尔德说，直到很久以后，当电子邮件被公开时，他才得知有这样一次电话会议。这些消息没有提到或指名雷德菲尔德。但他告诉立法者，当他得知这些信息时，他得出的结论是福奇和柯林斯故意将他排除在外，因为他认为该病毒起源于实验室。 |
| “It was told to me that they wanted a single narrative and that I obviously had a different point of view,” Dr. Redfield said. He did not specify who made that remark, and he declined to answer questions after the hearing. |
| “有人告诉我，他们想要一个单一叙事，而我显然有一个不同的观点，”雷德菲尔德说。他没有具体说明是谁说了这些话，也拒绝在听证会后回答问题。 |
| But in an interview, Dr. Fauci said he and Dr. Collins did not organize the call, which brought together evolutionary biologists, including some who suspected that the virus had been made in a lab. He also said he did not know what Dr. Redfield’s views were at the time. |
| 但在接受采访时，福奇说他和柯林斯不是那次电话会议的组织者，该会召集了进化生物学家，其中包括一些怀疑该病毒是在实验室制造的人。他还表示，他当时不知道雷德菲尔德的观点是什么。 |
| “It doesn’t make any sense that he was excluded because he had a different opinion,” Dr. Fauci said. “Half the people on the call felt that way.” |
| “因为他有不同的意见而被排除在外是说不通的，”福奇说。“半数参与电话会议的人都这么觉得。” |
| A few days after that call, the scientists who had suspected a lab leak changed their assessments, as they had initially said might happen. After doing further investigation, they concluded that the genetic evidence was inconsistent with a virus that had been deliberately engineered, and they later published a study laying out their research. |
| 在那次电话会议几天后，怀疑实验室泄漏的科学家们改变了他们的评估，他们在一开始就表示可能会做出这样的改变。经过进一步调查，他们得出结论，基因证据不符合故意改造病毒的说法，随后他们发表了一份研究报告，阐述了他们的研究。 |
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