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| Vaguely worded and broad in scope, the law was crafted and enacted from Beijing. It quickly transformed life in Hong Kong. |
| 这部措辞含糊、范围广泛的法律在北京起草和颁布。它迅速改变了香港人的生活。 |
| Boisterous demonstrations all but disappeared. Newsrooms were raided and shuttered. Labor unions, pro-democracy coalitions and other civil society groups disbanded, one after another. |
| 热情高涨的示威活动消失了。新闻编辑室遭受突击搜查并关闭。工会、民主同盟和其他民间社会团体相继解散。 |
| Chinese officials have used the national security law, as it is called, to crack down on dissent in Hong Kong, essentially discarding the “one country, two systems” pledge that guaranteed the city a high degree of autonomy after Britain gave it back to China. In the last two years, more than 200 people have been arrested under the law, and more than 3,000 have been prosecuted on other charges over their roles in antigovernment protests. |
| 凭借其所称的国家安全法，中国官员镇压了香港的异见，实际上抛弃了自英国将香港归还中国后保证这座城市高度自治的“一国两制”承诺。过去两年间，已有200多人因国安法被捕，另有3000多人因参与反政府抗议而遭受其他指控。 |
| Virtually all of Hong Kong’s opposition figures, longtime advocates for democracy, were detained on a single day in 2021. Forty-seven of them were charged with subversion under the new law, accused of conspiring in a plot to disrupt the local Beijing-backed government. Now, with most of the defendants having spent nearly two years behind bars, their trial begins on Monday, a stark reminder of how dangerous any kind of organized dissent has become. |
| 香港几乎所有反对派人士和长期民主倡导者都在2021年的同一天被捕。根据这一新法，其中47人以颠覆罪名受到起诉，被控密谋颠覆北京支持的当地政府。如今，大多数被告人身陷囹圄已有近两年，他们的审判于周一开始，这赤裸裸地提醒了人们，任何有组织的异议已经变得多么危险。 |
| Here’s what to know about the law and the Hong Kong 47, as the defendants are often called. |
| 以下是关于国安法和这些被告人的介绍，他们通常被称为“香港47人”。 |
| The law was drafted in secret. |
| 秘密起草的法律。 |
| Free speech and judicial independence have long been cherished in Hong Kong and are protected under the Basic Law, as the city’s mini-constitution is known. But the Chinese government, which administers Hong Kong as a semiautonomous territory, sees those principles as secondary to its control. |
| 多年来，香港珍视言论自由和司法独立，这些权利受到该市的小宪法《基本法》保护。但在将香港当作半自治地区管理的中国政府看来，比起对香港的控制，这些原则需退居次要地位。 |
| In 2003, not long after Hong Kong was returned to China, local pro-Beijing officials tried to pass security legislation. But a draft of the bill raised fears that civil liberties and human rights would be diminished. The legislation was shelved after a mass demonstration. |
| 2003年，香港回归中国后不久，亲北京的当地官员就试图通过国家安全立法。但该立法的草案引发了对公民自由和人权将被削弱的担忧。这项立法在大规模示威后被搁置。 |
| The Chinese authorities took a different approach in 2020. A year earlier, a bill in Hong Kong that would have allowed extraditions to mainland China had set off months of protests. To pre-empt another wave of dissent, Beijing drafted the security law in secret, bypassing Hong Kong’s legislature. Its provisions were revealed a day before the 23rd anniversary of Hong Kong’s handover to China. The law took effect immediately, a warning to the many residents who often marked the anniversary with pro-democracy protests. |
| 2020年，中国当局采取了不同的办法。此前一年，香港一项允许将罪犯引渡中国大陆的的法案引发了持续数月的抗议。为防止异议再次发生，北京先发制人，绕过香港立法会秘密起草了国安法。该法案的条款在香港回归23周年纪念日的前一天才被公布。该法案立即生效，向许多经常在这一纪念日参加民主抗议的居民发出了警告。 |
| The 47 democrats were charged over an election. |
| 导致47名民主人士遭起诉的选举。 |
| The main defendant in the case is Benny Tai, a law professor and leader of the Occupy Central movement in 2014, which demanded freer elections. |
| 此案的主要被告是法学教授戴耀廷，他在2014年领导了“占中运动”，要求更自由的选举。 |
| Since 2019, Mr. Tai had argued that the pro-democracy camp should hold an unofficial primary election, to find out who its most electable candidates were. Under his strategy, if the democrats could gain a majority in the legislature, they could block the government’s budget, which by law would have forced an ouster of Carrie Lam, then the city’s deeply unpopular leader. |
| 2019年后，戴耀廷认为，香港民主派应该举行非正式的初选，以确定最有可能当选的候选人。根据他的策略，若民主派能在立法会获得多数席位，就可以否决政府财政预算案，按照法律规定，这将迫使当时在香港极不受欢迎的领导人林郑月娥下台。 |
| The primary was held in July 2020, and turnout was high, despite the authorities’ declaration that it could violate the new security law. The charges against the Hong Kong 47 center on the primary and Mr. Tai’s broader plan, which is being called a subversive plot to paralyze the government. |
| 尽管当局宣称此举可能违反新的国安法，初选仍于2020年7月举行，投票率非常高。针对“香港47人”的指控主要集中在这场初选和戴耀廷更广泛的计划之上，他的计划被称为旨在令政府瘫痪的颠覆性串谋。 |
| The case has ensnared longtime opponents of the Chinese government like Joshua Wong, who become world-famous as a teenage student leader during the 2014 “Umbrella Movement” protests for freer elections of the city’s leader. |
| 此案牵涉到其他长期反对中国政府的人，比如在2014年“雨伞运动”中举世闻名的青年学生领袖黄之锋，当时这场抗议要求更自由地选举香港领导人。 |
| Several other defendants, like Claudia Mo, Eddie Chu and Lam Cheuk-ting, were veteran lawmakers who had been at the forefront of Hong Kong’s democracy movement for years. Others, like Gwyneth Ho, Owen Chow and Winnie Yu, represented a newer generation of activists and unionists, politicized in the wake of the 2019 protests. |
| 其他多名被告，如毛孟静、朱凯迪和林卓廷，都是多年来一直站在香港民主运动前沿的立法会资深议员。何桂蓝、邹家成和余慧明等另一些人则代表了更年轻一代的活动人士和工会支持者，他们在2019年抗议活动后开始走向政治。 |
| The trial is meant to send a message. |
| 意在传达信息的审判。 |
| Analysts said the case demonstrated the wide reach of the national security law, which the authorities initially said would only affect a small minority of the city. |
| 分析人士表示，此案表明国安法的影响范围甚广，当局最初表示该法律只会影响香港一小部分人。 |
| “It’s hard to overestimate the enormity of this case, because it’s basically meant to be a knockout blow to Hong Kong’s peaceful political mainstream opposition,” said Thomas Kellogg, the executive director of the Center for Asian Law. |
| “此案的严重性不可小觑，因为它基本上是对香港和平的主流政治反对派发出了致命一击，”亚洲法律中心执行主任托马斯·凯洛格说。 |
| “This is a real choice by the Hong Kong government and Beijing,” he continued. “They could have focused on people who were talking about independence, for example, or people who had been more harshly critical of Hong Kong government policy and Beijing’s policy toward Hong Kong. Instead, they have gone after every sector of civic life.” |
| “这是港府和北京真正的选择，”他还说。“他们本可以仅针对那些主张独立的人，或是对港府政策及北京的香港政策提出更严厉批评的人。结果，他们连公民生活的各个层面都没有放过。” |
| The mass arrests of the democrats, in January 2021, was followed by an overhaul of the city’s elections, with new laws to root out candidates who could be deemed disloyal to Beijing. The city ran a “patriots-only” election that December, and in 2022 a legislature was installed whose members were all pro-Beijing, except one. |
| 2021年1月，民主派人士遭到大规模逮捕，此后香港选举制度迎来全面改革，制定了新法律，以铲除可能被视为不忠于北京的候选人。香港于12月举行了“仅限爱国者”的选举，并在2022年选出了一届只有一位成员不是亲北京派的立法会。 |
| “It really tells the world that as long as you are in alignment with the pro-democracy movement, you will be considered a criminal,” said Eric Lai, an expert in Hong Kong law. |
| “这就是在向所有人宣示，只要与民主运动结盟，就会被视为罪犯，”研究香港法律的专家黎恩灏表示。 |
| Many of the 47 defendants have indicated that they will plead guilty. |
| 47名被告中的许多人已表示将认罪。 |
| Eva Pils, a law professor at King’s College London, said guilty pleas would allow China to argue that the “wrongdoers” had seen the error of their ways. “Part of the purpose of that messaging operation is to normalize the criminalization of political dissent in Hong Kong,” she said. |
| 伦敦国王学院法学教授艾华(Eva Pils)表示，认罪会让中国有理由宣称，这些“不法分子”已经认识到自己的错误。“传递这种信号的部分目的，在于将香港政治异议的刑事定罪常规化，”她说。 |
| Many protest tactics are banned under the security law. |
| 许多抗议行为都被国安法禁止。 |
| Many of the offenses listed under the national security law are tactics that Hong Kong protesters used in 2019, such as disrupting public transport and vandalizing government property. |
| 国安法列出的许多罪名都是香港抗议者在2019年的抗议手段，例如扰乱公共交通和毁坏政府财产。 |
| While adding a vast security apparatus to the city, the law also introduced socialist legal concepts to Hong Kong’s common law system, targeting four types of crime. They are: |
| 在这座城市增设规模庞大的安全机构的同时，该法律还针对四种犯罪类型，将社会主义法律概念引入了香港的普通法制度，分别是： |
| Secession: speech or actions advocating Hong Kong’s independence from China. |
| 分裂国家罪：主张香港独立于中国的言论或行为。 |
| Subversion: undermining the authority of the Chinese central government, including disrupting its activities and vandalizing its offices. |
| 颠覆国家政权罪：对中国中央政府政权进行破坏，包括干扰机关职能履行和破坏机关设施的行为。 |
| Terrorist activities: violence and disruptions to public services for political purposes. |
| 恐怖活动罪：出于政治目的对公共服务的暴力和干扰破坏。 |
| Collusion with a foreign country or with “external elements”: receiving help from foreign countries, institutions and individuals in imposing sanctions against China, rigging local elections or inciting hatred toward the government. |
| 勾结外国或“境外势力”：接受外国或境外机构和人员支援，对中国进行制裁，操纵地方选举或煽动对政府的仇恨。 |
| Prison sentences under the law can be harsh. Defendants convicted as “principal offenders” can be imprisoned for life, “active” participants face up to 10 years and minor players can be put away for up to three years. |
| 国安法的刑罚可能非常严厉。被定为“首要分子”的被告被判无期徒刑，“积极”参与者最高面临十年监禁，情节轻微者最高被判三年有期徒刑。 |
| Hong Kong’s judicial system has changed dramatically. |
| 香港司法制度发生了翻天覆地的变化。 |
| The security law has allowed Beijing to exert unprecedented control over Hong Kong. |
| 国安法让北京得以对香港施加前所未有的控制。 |
| With its implementation in 2020 came a web of new national security divisions within the city’s police force and prosecutor’s office. Chinese security forces were allowed to operate openly in Hong Kong for the first time, from a newly created base. This apparatus is led by a national security committee that includes Hong Kong’s chief executive, as well as Beijing’s top representative in the city. |
| 随着该法律在2020年实施，香港警务和律政机关设立了一系列新的国家安全部门。中国国安首次得以在香港的新设机构公开活动。该机构由一个国家安全委员会领导，香港行政长官和北京驻港最高官员都是委员会成员。 |
| The language of the law also gives Beijing the final say on how it should be interpreted, in effect circumventing decisions made in Hong Kong courts. The chief executive, the city’s Beijing-appointed leader, selects the judges who are allowed to hear national security cases. The law also takes precedence should it come into conflict with other laws. |
| 该法律的措辞也让北京对如何解释法律拥有最终决定权，实际上绕过了香港法院的裁决。由北京任命的香港行政长官负责选择获准审理国家安全案件的法官。如果与其他法律发生冲突，该法律也具有优先权。 |
| The vast majority of the people charged under the law have been accused of speech crimes, like calling for Hong Kong’s independence or for sanctions against China. Most have been denied bail, which is difficult to obtain under the law. |
| 依据国安法遭到起诉的绝大多数人都是因言获罪，例如呼吁香港独立或对中国进行制裁。大多数人的保释申请都被拒绝，因为这在该法律下很难获得。 |
| This year will also see the trial of perhaps Beijing’s highest-profile target in Hong Kong: the media mogul Jimmy Lai, a strident critic of the Chinese government. Critics say that his case demonstrates the erosion of free speech, journalism and judicial independence in Hong Kong in one fell swoop. His trial is scheduled for September. |
| 今年面临审判的，可能还有北京在香港知名度最高的打击对象，他就是中国政府的尖锐批评者，媒体大亨黎智英。批评人士称，他的案件表明香港的言论自由、新闻自由和司法独立通通受到侵蚀。黎智英案的审理定于9月进行。 |
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