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| Officials from the United States and India agreed on Tuesday to expand cooperation on advanced weaponry, supercomputing, semiconductors and other high-tech fields, as the Biden administration looks to strengthen its connections with Asian allies and offset China’s dominance of cutting-edge technologies. |
| 周二，美国和印度官员同意在先进武器、超级计算、半导体和其他高科技领域扩大合作，拜登政府希望加强与亚洲盟友的联系，抵消中国在尖端技术方面的主导地位。 |
| The agreements followed two days of high-level meetings in Washington between government officials and executives from dozens of companies, the first under a new dialogue about critical and emerging technologies that President Biden and India’s prime minister, Narendra Modi, announced in Tokyo in May. |
| 政府官员和数十家公司的高管在华盛顿进行为期两天的高级别会议之后达成了这些协议，这是拜登总统和印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪自5月在东京宣布开展关键和新兴技术新对话后的首次。 |
| Jake Sullivan, the U.S. national security adviser, told reporters on Tuesday that the goal was for technological partnerships to be “the next big milestone” in the U.S.-Indian relationship after a 2016 agreement on nuclear power cooperation. He described the effort as a “big foundational piece of an overall strategy to put the entire democratic world in the Indo-Pacific in a position of strength.” |
| 美国国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文周二对记者表示，技术合作伙伴关系的目标是成为2016年达成核电合作协议后，美印关系的“下一个重要里程碑”。他将这项努力描述为“使整个印太地区的民主世界处于强势地位的总体战略的重要基础部分”。 |
| The agreements will be a test of whether the Biden administration can realize its proposal for “friendshoring” by shifting the manufacturing of certain critical components to friendly countries. Biden officials have expressed concerns about the United States’ continued heavy reliance on China for semiconductors, telecommunications parts and other important goods. In recent months they have clamped down on the sale of advanced semiconductor technology to China, in an effort to stymie an industry that the White House says could give China a military advantage. |
| 这些协议将考验拜登政府能否实现其“友国外包”的提议，即将某些关键零部件的制造转移到友好国家。拜登官员对美国在半导体、电信零部件和其他重要商品方面继续严重依赖中国表示担忧。近几个月来，他们压制了向中国出售先进半导体技术的行为，以阻碍白宫称可能会给中国带来军事优势的行业。 |
| Many companies have found it difficult to obtain the factory space and skilled workers they would need to move their supply chains out of China. India has a highly skilled work force and a government that wants to attract more international investment, but multinational companies seeking to operate there continue to complain of onerous regulations, inadequate infrastructure and other barriers. |
| 许多公司发现，他们很难找到将供应链移出中国所需的工厂场地和技术工人。印度拥有高技能的劳动力，其政府希望吸引更多国际投资，但寻求在印度开展业务的跨国公司一如既往地抱怨监管繁琐、基础设施不足和其他障碍。 |
| Both Mr. Biden and Mr. Modi are also propelling closer U.S.-Indian cooperation in efforts to build out the industrial and innovation bases of their countries, Mr. Sullivan said. |
| 沙利文说，拜登和莫迪都在推动美印之间更紧密的合作，建设两国的工业和创新基地。 |
| The partnerships announced on Tuesday include an agreement between the U.S. and Indian national science agencies to cooperate on artificial intelligence and advanced wireless technology, as well as in other areas. |
| 周二宣布的合作伙伴关系包括美国和印度国家科学机构之间在人工智能和先进无线技术以及其他领域开展合作的一项协议。 |
| The countries also pledged to speed up their efforts to jointly produce and develop certain defense technologies, including jet engines, artillery systems and armored infantry vehicles. The United States said it would look to quickly review a new proposal by General Electric to produce a jet engine with India. |
| 两国还承诺加快努力，共同生产和开发某些国防技术，包括喷气发动机、火炮系统和装甲步兵车辆。美国表示，它希望尽快审查通用电气提出的与印度合作生产喷气发动机的新提议。 |
| Officials also said they would work together to facilitate the build-out of an advanced mobile network in India and look for new cooperation in semiconductor production, including efforts to help India bolster chip research and production that would complement major investments in the industry in the United States. |
| 官员们还表示，他们将共同努力，促进在印度建设先进的移动网络，并寻求在半导体生产方面的新合作，包括努力帮助印度加强芯片研究和生产，以补充美国对该行业的重大投资。 |
| The new dialogue would include efforts to work through regulatory barriers, as well as visa restrictions that have prevented talented Indians from working in the United States, the countries said. |
| 两国表示，新的对话将包括努力解决监管障碍，并解决阻碍印度人才在美国工作的签证限制。 |
| But experts said India would need to continue to reform its permitting and tax system to lure more foreign manufacturing companies. And the United States would need to reform restrictions on transferring defense-related technology outside the country, they said, if it hopes to work with India to produce jet engines and other advanced weapons. |
| 但专家表示，印度需要继续改革其准入和税收制度，以吸引更多的外国制造公司。他们说，如果美国希望与印度合作生产喷气发动机和其他先进武器，就需要在对外转让国防相关技术限制上作出改革。 |
| Analysts also noted that many of the technology partnerships would hinge on new connections between the countries’ private sectors, meaning that the agreements could go only so far. |
| 分析人士还指出，许多技术合作伙伴关系将取决于两国私营部门之间的新联系，这意味着协议只能到这里。 |
| India’s frequent purchases of Russian military equipment and close ties with Russia also present another wrinkle to the planned partnership. But Biden officials said they believed that the cooperation could accelerate India’s move away from Russia, to the benefit of its relationship with the United States. |
| 印度频繁购买俄罗斯军事装备，与俄罗斯关系密切，这也给计划中的伙伴关系带来了另一个问题。但拜登官员表示，他们相信这种合作可以加速印度远离俄罗斯的步伐，从而有利于印度与美国的关系。 |
| On Monday, Mr. Sullivan, Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo and India’s national security adviser, Ajit Doval, met with more than 40 company executives, university presidents and others, including executives from Lockheed Martin, Tata, Adani Defense and Aerospace, and Micron Technology. |
| 周一，沙利文、商务部长吉娜·雷蒙多和印度国家安全顾问阿吉特·多瓦尔会见了40多位公司高管、大学校长和其它人士，其中包括来自洛克希德·马丁、塔塔、阿达尼国防与航天以及美光科技的高管。 |
| “It has the potential to take U.S.-India ties to the next level,” Tanvi Madan, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, said of the initiative. The trick, she added, will be “getting from potential and promises to outcomes.” |
| 布鲁金斯学会高级研究员坦维·马丹谈到该倡议时说：“它有可能将美印关系提升到一个新的水平。”她还说，关键是如何“从发现潜能和做出承诺到取得成果”。 |
| “Many of the decisions to collaborate or not will be made in the private sector, and companies will be assessing the business case as much as, if not more than, the strategic case,” Ms. Madan said. |
| “许多合作或不合作的决定将由私营部门做出，公司对商业案例的评估与对战略案例的评估一样多，甚至更多，”马丹说。 |
| India has traditionally been known as a difficult partner for the United States in trade negotiations. In the talks that the Biden administration is currently carrying out in Asia, known as the Indo-Pacific Economic Forum, India bowed out of the trade portion of the deal, though it has continued to negotiate in areas like clean energy, supply chains and labor standards. |
| 印度历来被认为是美国在贸易谈判中的棘手对象。在印太经济论坛——拜登政府目前在亚洲进行的会谈中，印度退出了协议中贸易的部分，尽管它继续在清洁能源、供应链和劳工标准等领域进行谈判。 |
| But analysts said the Indian government was far more motivated on national security matters, and particularly tempted by the prospects of working with the United States to cultivate cutting-edge tech industries. |
| 但分析人士表示，印度政府在国家安全问题上的积极性要高得多，与美国合作培育尖端科技产业的前景对其诱惑尤其得大。 |
| “We both have a common purpose here, which is the fear that China is going to eat our lunch in all the sectors unless we find areas to cooperate and collaborate,” said Richard M. Rossow, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. |
| “我们在这里有一个共同的目的，那就是担心中国会在所有领域吃掉我们的午餐，除非我们找到协同合作的领域，”美国战略与国际研究中心高级顾问理查德·罗索说。 |
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