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| South Korea dropped indoor masking on Monday. Japan has ditched them outdoors and is getting ready to unmask indoors soon, too. Taiwan is set to jettison its mandate later this month. |
| 韩国周一取消了室内口罩令。日本已经放弃了室外口罩令，并准备不久后解除室内口罩令。台湾将于本月晚些时候放弃口罩令。 |
| Mask mandates, once a ubiquitous feature of the coronavirus pandemic, are finally being let go of in several countries in East Asia, where pandemic restrictions have lingered for much longer than in other parts of the world. |
| 东亚的几个国家终于取消了口罩强制令，它曾经是新冠病毒大流行的一个普遍特征。在这些国家，大流行限制措施持续的时间比世界其他地区要长得多。 |
| Wearing a mask comes with some discomfort, including hindering communication and fogging up glasses. Countries in Southeast Asia and Europe, as well as the United States, abandoned masking requirements months ago. |
| 戴口罩会带来一些不适，包括妨碍交流，还会使眼镜起雾。几个月前，几个东南亚国家和欧洲国家以及美国放弃了戴口罩的要求。 |
| But even with their governments easing rules, many citizens in East Asia are unlikely to stop wearing masks completely any time soon. Here are some reasons. |
| 但即使政府放宽规定，东亚许多公民也不太可能很快完全不戴口罩。以下是一些原因。 |
| Old habits are hard to change. |
| 旧习难改。 |
| In many parts of Asia, people have been required to wear a mask diligently for more than two years. That has cemented a habit of putting them on regularly, and habits are hard to change. |
| 在亚洲的许多地方，两年多来人们一直被要求认真佩戴口罩。常戴口罩的习惯因此得到巩固，很难改变。 |
| Mizuki Nishimura, 24, who teaches ballet in Yokohama, Japan’s second-largest city, said that mask wearing had become a reflex for her students, so they continued to wear them even when they were no longer recommended by the school. |
| 24岁的西村美月（音）是日本第二大城市横滨的芭蕾舞老师，她说，戴口罩对她的学生来说已经成为本能，所以即使学校不再推荐戴口罩，他们也会继续戴。 |
| “They mask just like they reflexively bow their heads when seeing an elder,” she said. “Without a mask on, they feel something is missing.” |
| “他们戴口罩，就像看到长辈时条件反射地鞠躬，”她说。“不戴口罩，他们会觉得少了点什么。” |
| Mask-wearing customs predate Covid in Asia, so the habit took hold more quickly here during the pandemic. As early as the 1918 flu pandemic and, more recently, SARS in 2002 and MERS in 2012, health officials across the region were able to persuade the public to wear face masks. |
| 亚洲国家的人戴口罩的做法早于新冠，因此在大流行期间，这种习惯在这里更快地推行起来。早在1918年流感大流行以及相对较近期的2002年非典和2012年中东呼吸综合征期间，该地区的卫生官员就成功地说服公众戴上口罩。 |
| Some people in South Korea and Japan have also taken advantage of the fact that they don’t have to wear makeup or smile when they wear a mask. Taking them off therefore comes with some inconvenience. In Japan, some have called masks “kao pantsu,” or “face pants,” meaning that unmasking would be as embarrassing as taking off underwear in public. |
| 韩国和日本的一些人也会利用戴口罩不用化妆、不用微笑的好处。因此，不戴口罩会带来一些不便。在日本，有些人称面罩为“kao pantsu”或“脸内裤”，意思是在公共场合摘下口罩就像脱下内裤一样尴尬。 |
| Masks have relieved many South Koreans of the societal pressure to maintain a level of facial beauty, said Sangmin Kim, a scholar in cultural studies at CATS Lab, a research center in Seoul, who has written about masks. “People have taken comfort in their faces being concealed, and they feel some discomfort about revealing their bare faces.” |
| 首尔研究中心CATS实验室的文化研究学者金相珉（音）撰写过有关口罩的文章，他说，口罩让许多韩国人摆脱了保持美丽仪容的社会压力。“人们对自己的脸被遮住感到安心，把脸露出来让他们感到有些不舒服。” |
| Health officials still recommend them. |
| 卫生官员仍然推荐戴口罩。 |
| While masks are not strictly required in Japan and South Korea, the countries’ health authorities continue to urge people to wear them, especially indoors. Infections in both countries have declined steadily in the past month, but health officials have warned of the rising risk of re-infection and the possibility of a spike in cases as global travel restrictions ease. |
| 虽然日本和韩国并不严格要求戴口罩，但这些国家的卫生当局继续敦促人们佩戴口罩，尤其是在室内。过去一个月，这两个国家的感染率稳步下降，但卫生官员警告说，随着全球旅行限制的放松，再次感染的风险不断上升，病例激增的可能性也越来越大。 |
| “The danger of Covid-19 has not disappeared yet,” Kim Seong-ho, a senior health official in South Korea, said on Wednesday. |
| “新冠的危险尚未消失，”韩国高级卫生官员金成浩（音）周三表示。 |
| In South Korea, masks are still required on public transit and in health care facilities. Rather than take their masks off and on, many people do not bother to remove them after hopping off the bus or exiting a hospital in Seoul. |
| 在韩国，进入公共交通和医疗机构仍然需要戴口罩。在首尔，很多人并不会依据环境摘戴口罩，他们在下公交车或离开医院后懒得摘下口罩。 |
| Japanese authorities are still encouraging people to wear a mask indoors even as they say it is no longer necessary to wear them outdoors. (Japan never mandated masks or imposed penalties for not wearing them. The authorities only recommended them, and wearing masks became an unspoken rule.) Since people usually carry their masks with them wherever they go, they tend to keep them on their faces even when they are outside. |
| 日本当局尽管表示在户外不再需要戴口罩，但仍鼓励人们在室内戴口罩。（日本从来没有强制要求戴口罩，也没有对不戴口罩进行处罚。当局只是建议戴口罩，而戴口罩变成一条不成文的规则。）由于人们通常随身携带口罩，因此即使在室外，他们也倾向于把口罩戴上。 |
| “I’m sure some people think if it’s encouraged indoors, it means there is something to be scared of, so I should leave it on outdoors, too,” said Miki Moro, 30, a job recruiter in Tokyo. |
| 30岁的东京招聘人员美喜茂吕（音）说：“我敢肯定有人会认为，如果鼓励在室内戴口罩，就意味着有什么可怕的东西，所以在室外我也应该戴口罩。” |
| “I am sure there are others who just think it is annoying to take their masks on and off depending on location, so they just leave it on,” she added. |
| “我相信，还有人会想，一会儿戴一会儿摘很烦人，不如一直戴着，”她补充道。 |
| Epidemiological studies have shown that mask use is high in countries that kept infections low throughout the pandemic. Mask mandates have also been shown to significantly slow the spread of the virus in the United States, John Volckens, a public health engineer at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, has said. |
| 流行病学研究表明，在整个大流行期间感染率保持较低水平的国家，口罩的使用率很高。科罗拉多州立大学柯林斯堡分校的公共卫生工程师约翰·沃尔肯斯说，佩戴口罩的要求也已被证明大为减缓了病毒在美国的传播。 |
| The avoidance of other respiratory illnesses, like flu and seasonal allergies, is also a reason some people have decided keep their masks on. |
| 避免其他呼吸道疾病，如流感和季节性过敏，也是一些人决定保持戴口罩的原因。 |
| Masks signal respect for others’ well-being. |
| 戴口罩是对他人健康的尊重。 |
| Wearing a mask has also been associated with good etiquette for many people in Asia. It is common courtesy to wear a mask in public to prevent others from getting sick, especially because one never knows who around them might have weakened immune systems or live with someone who is vulnerable. |
| 对于许多亚洲人来说，戴口罩也被视为一种良好的礼仪。在公共场合佩戴口罩以防止他人染病是一种常见的礼貌，尤其是，人们永远不知道周围的人是否免疫系统较弱，或与易受感染者住在一起。 |
| In crowded spaces, unmasked people stand out. |
| 在拥挤的空间中，不戴口罩的人很扎眼。 |
| “You will be stared at if you don’t have your mask on,” said Kazunari Onishi, the author of “The Dignity of Masks” and an associate professor of public health at St. Luke’s International University in Tokyo. |
| 《口罩的品格》一书的作者、东京圣路加国际大学公共卫生学副教授大西一成说：“如果不戴口罩，别人会盯着你看。” |
| Mr. Kim, the cultural studies scholar, said that he personally continued to wear a mask outside to give off “the image that I am a person who does not cause harm to others” — not necessarily because of his belief in its scientific benefits (though there is some disagreement among experts on whether a mask protects the wearer from infection). |
| 文化研究学者金相珉说，他在室外会继续戴口罩，是为了给人留下“我不会给他人带来伤害的印象”——不一定是因为他相信口罩的科学价值（尽管专家们在口罩是否能让人免受感染上存在一定分歧）。 |
| “South Koreans can consider it disrespectful not to wear a mask,” he said. “They place importance in not causing harm to their neighbors.” |
| “韩国人会认为，不戴口罩是不尊重人的行为，”他说。 “他们很在乎不给街坊邻里带来伤害。” |
| Masks protect against the region’s air pollution. |
| 口罩还有助于抵御该地区的空气污染。 |
| Fine dust levels in East Asia have consistently failed to meet international air quality standards over the years. So people have long been used to wearing a mask to protect against the health effects of the air pollution, such as coughing, sneezing and tightness of the chest. |
| 多年来，东亚的细尘水平一直未能达到国际空气质量标准。因此，长期以来大家都有戴口罩的习惯，防止空气污染对健康的影响，如咳嗽、打喷嚏和胸闷等。 |
| The dangers of air pollution are sharply felt in South Korea, where masks are a common line of defense on days when fine dust particles form a gray haze in the sky. |
| 在韩国，能强烈感受到空气污染的危险，在细尘导致的雾霾天里，口罩是一道常见的防线。 |
| Last year, the average concentration of PM 2.5, a dangerous fine particulate, was 18 micrograms per cubic meter, according to the country’s weather authorities, exceeding the 5 micrograms per cubit meter deemed safe by the World Health Organization. |
| 根据韩国气象部门的数据，去年，危险的细颗粒物PM2.5的平均浓度为每立方米18微克，超过了世界卫生组织认定的安全标准，即每立方米不超过5微克。 |
| “The culture of wearing a mask has settled in since fine dust started becoming an issue in the 2010s,” said Mr. Kim. Because masks were so widely used before, mask factories in South Korea were better prepared for mass production once the virus broke out in 2019, he added. |
| 金相珉说：“自2010年代空气中的细颗粒物开始成为问题以来，形成了戴口罩的文化。”他还说，由于之前就有戴口罩的习惯，所以2019年病毒暴发后，韩国的口罩工厂并未因需求增加而手忙脚乱。 |
| In China and India, which have historically recorded some of the worst air pollution levels in the world, health officials have maintained mask mandates to protect against Covid. |
| 中国和印度曾记录到世界上最严重的空气污染水平，那里的卫生官员一直要求戴口罩来预防新冠。 |
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