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| The United States is increasing its military presence in the Philippines, gaining access to four more sites and strengthening the Southeast Asian nation’s role as a key strategic partner for Washington in the event of a conflict with China over Taiwan. |
| 美国正在增加在菲律宾的军事存在，刚获得了该国另外四个基地的使用权，如果在台湾问题上与中国发生冲突的话，这将加强这个东南亚国家作为华盛顿重要战略伙伴的地位。 |
| The agreement, announced on Thursday, allows Washington to station military equipment and build facilities in nine locations across the Philippines, marking the first time in 30 years that the United States will have such a large military presence in the country. |
| 周四宣布的该协议让美国得以在菲律宾的九个基地部署军事装备和建设设施，这是30年来美国首次将在菲律宾拥有如此大的军事存在。 |
| The deal comes as Washington has tried to reaffirm its influence in the region amid a broader effort to counter Chinese aggression, reinforcing partnerships with strategic allies and bolstering relations that have soured in recent years. Fears have also grown over a possible Chinese invasion of Taiwan, the island democracy that China claims as its territory. Among the five treaty allies that the United States has in Asia, the Philippines and Japan are the most geographically close to Taiwan, with the Philippines’ northernmost island of Itbayat just 93 miles away. |
| 这项协议是在华盛顿试图重建美国在该地区影响力的时候达成的。美国正在亚太地区做出更广泛的努力，以应对中国的好战姿态，加强区域战略盟友伙伴关系，修复近年来恶化的关系。亚太地区对中国可能入侵台湾的担忧也在增加，中国声称对民主自治的台湾拥有主权。与美国有战略合作条约的亚洲盟友中，菲律宾和日本在地理位置上距离台湾最近，菲律宾最北端的伊特巴亚特岛与台湾的距离只有150公里。 |
| On Thursday, Mao Ning, a spokeswoman for China’s foreign ministry, accused the United States of threatening regional peace and stability with its announcement. |
| 周四，中国外交部发言人毛宁指责美国的宣布威胁到地区的和平与稳定。 |
| “Out of self-interest, the United States continues to strengthen its military deployment in the region with a zero-sum mentality, which is exacerbating tension in the region and endangering regional peace and stability,” she said. “Countries in the region should remain vigilant against this and avoid being coerced and used by the United States.” |
| “出于一己私利，抱着零和思维不断在地区加强军事部署，危害地区和平稳定，”她说。“地区国家应当对此保持警惕，避免被美裹挟利用。” |
| In a news conference, the U.S. defense secretary, Lloyd J. Austin III, stressed that these new sites were not permanent. The last U.S. soldiers left the Philippines in 1990s, and it is now against the country’s Constitution for foreign troops to be permanently based there. |
| 美国国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀在新闻发布会上强调，这些新基地并非永久性的。美国在菲律宾的最后一批驻军已于20世纪90年代撤离，外国军队永久驻扎菲律宾违反该国的现行宪法。 |
| “This is an opportunity to increase our effectiveness, increase interoperability,” he said during a visit to Manila that began on Tuesday. “It is not about permanent basing, but it is a big deal. It’s a really big deal.” |
| “这是一个提高我们的有效性、增加互操作性的机会，”奥斯汀在本周二开始的马尼拉之行期间说道。“这不涉及永久性基地，但是一个重要协议，确确实实的重要协议。” |
| Carlito Galvez Jr., the Philippines’ defense secretary, declined to name the locations of the four additional sites, saying the government needed to consult local officials first. American officials have long eyed access to the Philippines’ northern territory, such as the land mass of Luzon, as a way to counter China in the event that it attacks Taiwan. |
| 菲律宾国防部长卡利托·加尔维斯拒绝透露另外四个基地的具体位置，称政府需要先与当地官员磋商。美国官员长期以来一直对使用菲律宾北部地区的基地感兴趣，比如吕宋岛，一旦中国对台湾发动进攻，这些基地能在对抗中国上发挥作用。 |
| In November, Lt. Gen. Bartolome Vicente Bacarro of the Philippines said that Washington had identified five possible sites, including two in Cagayan, one in Palawan, one in Zambales and one in Isabela. Cagayan and Isabela are in the northern part of the Philippines, with Cagayan sitting across from Taiwan. |
| 菲律宾中将巴托洛梅·巴卡罗曾在去年11月表示，华盛顿已确定了五个可能的地点，其中两个在卡加延，一个在巴拉望，一个在三描礼士，一个在伊莎贝拉。卡加延岛和伊莎贝拉岛在菲律宾北部，卡加延岛与台湾隔海相望。 |
| “Having increased U.S. access in Northern Luzon, close to Taiwan, is really ensuring that the Philippines and the U.S. alliance is going to have a front and center role in Northeast Asian security and deterrence,” said Drew Thompson, a visiting senior research fellow at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore and a former U.S. defense official. |
| “让美国更多地进入靠近台湾的吕宋岛北部，真正确保了菲律宾和美国同盟国将在东北亚安全和威慑方面所起的前沿和中心作用，”新加坡国立大学李光耀公共政策学院的高级访问学者、美国国防部前官员唐安竹(Drew Thompson)说。 |
| The Philippines is the United States’ oldest treaty ally in Asia. Washington is shoring up its presence in the country after relations deteriorated during former President Rodrigo Duterte’s six-year term, which ended last year. |
| 菲律宾是美国在亚洲历史最久的条约盟国。美菲关系在前总统罗德里戈·杜特地执政的六年里曾经恶化，杜特地的任期去年已经结束，华盛顿正在加强美国在菲律宾的存在。 |
| During Mr. Duterte’s term, he frequently criticized Washington and complained that the United States, the Philippines’ former colonial ruler, had created defense treaty agreements that weighed heavily in favor of the Americans. (The Philippines was an American territory for nearly half a century before the country gained independence.) |
| 杜特地在其任期里经常批评华盛顿，抱怨菲律宾与其前殖民统治者美国签订的国防条约过于偏重美国的利益。（菲律宾获得独立前，美国曾对其进行过近半个世纪的统治。） |
| U.S. officials were concerned when Mr. Duterte threatened to scrap the Visiting Forces Agreement, a long-held defense pact that allows for large-scale joint military exercises between the two allies. He also threatened to disregard the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement, the deal that formed the basis for Thursday’s announcement. |
| 美国官员曾对杜特地威胁要废除《来访部队协议》感到担忧，那是一项允许这两个盟国进行大规模联合军事演习的长期防御协议。杜特地还曾威胁不理会两国签署的《加强防务合作协议》，这项协议是周四宣布的基础。 |
| Since he took office last June, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has sought to revive his country’s relationship with the United States, surprising many foreign policy experts. On the campaign trail, Mr. Marcos had indicated that he would try to forge closer ties with China, a hallmark of Mr. Duterte’s term. |
| 自去年6月上任以来，现任总统费迪南德·马科斯一直在寻求恢复菲律宾与美国的关系，这让许多外交政策专家感到惊讶。马科斯曾在竞选活动中表示，他会试图与中国建立更紧密的关系，那是杜特地任期内的特征之一。 |
| Mr. Marcos, the son of former dictator Ferdinand E. Marcos, has since said he “cannot see the Philippines in the future without having the United States as a partner.” At least 16,000 Filipino and American troops will train side by side in the northern province of Ilocos Norte, the stronghold of the Marcos family, later this year. |
| 马科斯是前独裁者费迪南德·E·马科斯的儿子，他在当选总统后说，“如果没有美国作为合作伙伴，看不到菲律宾的未来。”今年晚些时候，菲律宾和美国将在马科斯家族的大本营——北部省份北伊罗戈进行有至少1.6万名军人参加的联合训练。 |
| Under Mr. Marcos, officials in the Philippines have started building contingency plans for a possible Chinese invasion of Taiwan. When the former House speaker Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan last August, China responded by launching military exercises in multiple areas, including the Bashi Channel, a waterway separating Taiwan and the Philippines. |
| 在马科斯的领导下，菲律宾官员已开始为中国可能入侵台湾制定应急计划。美国众议院前议长佩洛西去年8月访台后，作为回应，中国曾在台湾附近多个地区进行军事演习，包括在将台湾与菲律宾分隔开来的巴士海峡。 |
| Taiwanese officials called it an “air and sea blockade.” |
| 台湾官员称中国的军演为“海空封锁”。 |
| If war were to break out over Taiwan, “the battle space will encompass the Philippines,” said Mr. Thompson. China’s moves in the Bashi Channel “really brought that home for Philippine leaders,” he added. |
| 如果在台湾问题上爆发战争的话，“战场将包括菲律宾”，唐安竹说。中国在巴士海峡的行动“让菲律宾领导人真正明白了这点”，他补充说。 |
| The Philippines is also strategically important because of what lies beneath the surface of the ocean. The waters just off the west coast that abut the South China Sea — where China has turned a series of sand mounds into military bases — are flush with undergrowth, making it ideal for stealth submarine movement. |
| 菲律宾附近的水域也有重要的战略意义。菲律宾靠近南海（中国已将那里的一系列沙堆变成了军事基地）的西海岸水域海底植物茂盛，是潜艇隐形活动的理想之地。 |
| “You need to control the Philippines because of submarines,” said Michael J. Green, an Asia expert on the National Security Council under George W. Bush who now heads the United States Studies Center at the University of Sydney. “If you can picture it, the undersea topography is jungle-y — you can sneak in submarines.” |
| “因为潜艇，你需要支配菲律宾的海域，”乔治·W·布什任总统期间的国家安全委员会亚洲问题专家迈克尔·格林说，他现在是悉尼大学美国研究中心的负责人。“如果你能想象的话，那里海底的地形像丛林——潜艇可以偷偷出入。” |
| The U.S. Marine Corps has proposed shifting toward smaller units in the region that could deploy to remote islands for missile attacks, rear support, counterattacks or intelligence gathering in the case of a war with China over Taiwan. Along with islands in Japan, the islands of the Philippines represent what American military planners see as one of the most important locations for such tactics. |
| 美国海军陆战队已提议该地区的部队应转向小型化，一旦因台湾问题与中国发生战争时，可将这些小型部队部署到偏远岛屿上发动导弹袭击，提供后方支援和反击，或进行情报收集。美国军事规划者把菲律宾的岛屿与日本的岛屿一起，视为进行这种战术的最重要地点之一。 |
| “I would expect to see rotational access and more frequent deployments of these small marine teams for training and joint exercises alongside their Philippine counterparts,” said Gregory B. Poling, a senior fellow for Southeast Asia and director of the Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. |
| “我想会看到这些小型海军陆战队更频繁地部署，让它们轮换进入基地，与菲律宾部队一起训练，进行联合演习，”格雷戈里·波林说，他是华盛顿战略与国际研究中心东南亚部的高级研究员兼亚洲海事透明度倡议主任。 |
| The five existing sites where the United States military has access are Cesar Basa Air Base and Fort Magsaysay near Manila; the Mactan-Benito Ebuen Air Base in central Cebu Province; Antonio Bautista Air Base in Palawan, to the east, and the Lumbia Air Base in the south. Since being granted access in 2016, the U.S. has used these sites to build facilities and preposition defense assets. |
| 美国军队已经可以进入的五个现有基地是，马尼拉附近的塞萨尔巴萨空军基地和麦格赛赛堡，位于中部省份宿务的麦克坦—贝尼托埃本空军基地，东部巴拉望岛上的安东尼奥·鲍蒂斯塔空军基地，以及南部的伦维亚空军基地。自从2016年获准进入以来，美国一直利用这些基地进行建设、提前安装防御设施。 |
| Three decades ago, the U.S. presence in the Philippines was a sore point among many Filipinos. The military bases maintained by Washington for nearly a century were seen to be a vestige of American colonialism. In 1992, the United States had to shut down its last American base in the Philippines after street protests and a decision to get rid of it by the Philippine Senate. |
| 30年前，美国在菲律宾的驻军曾触动过许多菲律宾人的痛处。菲律宾人曾把美国在菲律宾保持了近一个世纪的军事基地视为美国殖民统治的残留部分。1992年，菲律宾暴发了街头抗议，该国参议院决定收回基地后，美国不得不关闭在菲律宾的最后一个军事基地。 |
| But as China began its military incursions in the South China Sea, public opinion on the American presence in the Philippines has shifted. |
| 但随着中国开始对南海进行军事涉入，菲律宾公众对美军在该国存在的看法发生了转变。 |
| The Philippines now hopes to get American support to fend off Beijing’s continued military buildup in the South China Sea. Manila and Beijing have been locked in a long-running disagreement over the disputed waters that both sides claim as their own. |
| 菲律宾现在希望得到美国的支持，抵御中国在南海持续的军事集结。菲律宾和中国都声称对南海的某些水域拥有主权，两国在这个问题上长期存在争议。 |
| Among some quarters, the planned increase of the American military presence in the Philippines remains contentious. In a statement, Renato Reyes, secretary-general of the nationalist activist political group Bayan, said Filipinos “must not allow our country to be used as staging ground for any U.S. military intervention in the region.” |
| 美国在菲律宾增加军事存在的计划仍在一些群体里有争议。激进右翼团体民族民主运动的秘书长雷纳托·雷耶斯在一份声明中说，菲律宾人“绝不能允许我们的国家被美国用来作为进行任何区域军事干预的集结地”。 |
| “Allowing U.S. use of our facilities will drag us into this conflict, which is not aligned with our national interests,” Mr. Reyes said. |
| “允许美国使用我们的设施将把我们拖入这场冲突，这不符合我们的国家利益，”雷耶斯说。 |
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