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| WASHINGTON — With Washington in a state of divided government, newly empowered House Republicans are all but certain to be unable to enact their legislative agenda into law. Instead, they have made it clear that their primary mission in the 118th Congress will be investigating the Biden administration, including inquiries they say could lead to the potential impeachment of President Biden and several cabinet members. | 华盛顿——由于华盛顿处于政府分裂状态，新近获得权力的众议院共和党人几乎肯定无法将他们的立法议程纳入法律。他们已明确表示，在第118届国会的主要任务将是调查拜登政府，包括几项他们说可能导致对拜登总统和几名内阁成员进行弹劾的调查。 |
| Preparing to use their new subpoena power, Republicans have already created three special investigative committees or subcommittees, but they expect to carry out many more inquires under existing committees they now control. Some of the investigations may involve multiple panels, and top Republicans are jockeying for the biggest and most prominent pieces. | 共和党人已经成立了三个特别调查委员会或小组委员会，准备使用他们新获得的传票权，但他们也希望在目前控制的现有委员会下展开更多调查。一些调查可能涉及多个小组，共和党高层正在争夺最大和最引人注目的部分。 |
| While Speaker Kevin McCarthy said last year that he had not yet seen grounds for impeaching Mr. Biden, Republicans have already introduced a host of impeachment articles against the president and members of his cabinet, and some influential members on the right have said they relish the prospect of trying him for high crimes and misdemeanors. | 虽然众议院议长凯文·麦卡锡去年表示，他还没有看到弹劾拜登的理由，但共和党人已经提出了一系列针对总统及其内阁成员的弹劾条款，一些有影响力的右翼成员表示，他们乐于见到以重罪和轻罪审判拜登的前景。 |
| Here is a road map of the investigations: | 以下是这些调查的路线图： |
| The ‘Weaponization’ of Government | 政府“武器化” |
| What committee is involved: A special subcommittee of the Judiciary Committee, led by Representative Jim Jordan, Republican of Ohio. | 参与的委员会：司法委员会的一个特别小组委员会，由俄亥俄州共和党众议员吉姆·乔丹领导。 |
| Substantive policy questions: This remains to be seen. The text of the resolution establishing the subcommittee gives the panel essentially open-ended jurisdiction to scrutinize any issue related to civil liberties or to examine how any agency of the federal government has collected, analyzed and used information about Americans — including “ongoing criminal investigations.” It also gives the subcommittee the authority to obtain classified information typically only provided to the Intelligence Committee, including some of the government’s most protected secrets. | 实质性政策问题：还有待观察。成立小组委员会的决议案内容赋予该小组基本不受限制的管辖权，以审查任何有关公民自由的问题，或审查联邦政府的任何机构如何收集、分析和使用有关美国人的信息——包括“正在进行的刑事调查”。它还赋予小组委员会权利以获取通常只提供给情报委员会的机密信息，包括政府的一些最高机密。 |
| Political agenda: During the 2022 campaign, Republicans promised to use their new power in Congress to scrutinize what they said was a concerted effort by the government to silence and punish conservatives at all levels, from protesters at school board meetings to former President Donald J. Trump. The panel could become a venue for targeting federal workers accused of carrying out a partisan agenda. It could also re-litigate revelations about Mr. Trump’s conduct, including the facts surrounding his effort to overturn the 2020 election or his removal of classified material from the White House, and failure to return it. | 政治议程：在2022年竞选期间，共和党人承诺，将利用在国会新获得的权力来审查他们所说的政府在各个层面（从学校董事会会议上的抗议者到前总统特朗普）压制和惩罚保守派的一致努力。该小组可能会被用来针对联邦工作人员，指控他们执行党派议程。它还可能就有关特朗普行为的揭露重新提起诉讼，包括他推翻2020年大选的努力或他从白宫带走机密材料且未能归还的事实。 |
| Representative Hakeem Jeffries, Democrat of New York and the minority leader, called the new panel the “Select Committee on Insurrection Protection.” | 纽约州民主党众议员、少数党领袖哈基姆·杰弗里斯称新小组为“保护暴动特别委员会”。 |
| Biden Family Businesses | 拜登家族企业 |
| What committees are involved: The Oversight and Government Reform Committee, which is led by Representative James R. Comer, Republican of Kentucky, and potentially the new Judiciary subcommittee. | 参与的委员会：监督和政府改革委员会，由肯塔基州共和党众议员詹姆斯·科默领导，可能还包括新的司法小组委员会。 |
| Substantive policy questions: The Oversight Committee says the purpose of its inquiry is to inform legislation to strengthen federal ethics laws and to ensure that financial institutions have the proper internal controls and compliance programs to alert federal agencies of potential money-laundering activity. | 实质性政策问题：监督委员会表示，其调查的目的是为加强联邦联邦道德法的立法提供信息，并确保金融机构拥有适当的内部控制和合规计划，以提醒联邦机构注意潜在的洗钱活动。 |
| Political agenda: Mr. Comer has pledged for months to investigate Mr. Biden’s family and its business connections. His staff has already obtained the contents of a laptop owned by Hunter Biden, the president’s son, whose business activities are under federal investigation. Mr. Comer and Mr. Jordan held a news conference on Capitol Hill detailing their plans to take the inquiry’s focus beyond the younger Mr. Biden. “This is an investigation of Joe Biden,” Mr. Comer has said. | 政治议程：几个月来，科默一直承诺调查拜登的家人及其商业关系。他的工作人员已经获得了总统之子亨特·拜登过去的一台笔记本电脑里的内容，联邦部门正在调查他的商业活动。科默和乔丹在国会山举行了新闻发布会，详细说明了在他们的计划中，调查重点不会止于亨特·拜登。“这是对乔·拜登的调查，”科默说。 |
| Origins of the Covid Pandemic | 新冠疫情的起源 |
| What committees are involved: A special subcommittee of the Oversight Committee, and the Energy and Commerce Committee, led by Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Republican of Washington. | 参与的委员会：监督和政府改革委员会的一个特别小组委员会，以及由华盛顿州共和党众议员凯茜·麦克莫里斯·罗杰斯领导的能源和商业委员会。 |
| Substantive policy questions: Lawmakers say they want to explore whether the U.S. government should be funding so-called gain-of-function research, a narrow sliver of scientific inquiry that can involve tinkering with viruses in a way that could make them more dangerous. Such research is at the heart of Republican assertions that the pandemic may have been caused by a laboratory leak — a suggestion disputed by scientists whose research shows the outbreak most likely originated at a live animal market in Wuhan, China. | 实质性政策问题：议员们表示，他们想探讨美国政府是否应该资助所谓的“功能增益”研究，这是一个很小的科学探索领域，可能涉及改造病毒使其变得更加危险。此类研究是共和党指控的核心，即大流行可能是由实验室泄漏引起的——科学家对这一说法提出异议，他们的研究表明，疫情最有可能起源于中国武汉的一个活体动物市场。 |
| Political agenda: Republicans including Mr. Comer and Mr. Jordan have asserted, without evidence, that Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, Mr. Biden’s former medical adviser, covered up a lab leak that they allege may have caused the pandemic. They have said repeatedly that they will investigate Dr. Fauci, who is a political target for Republicans seeking to woo Trump voters. Dr. Fauci has said he has a “completely open mind” about whether the outbreak originated in a lab, but that the preponderance of evidence shows it was a natural occurrence. | 政治议程：包括科默和乔丹在内的共和党人声称大流行可能是由实验室泄露导致，在没有证据的情况下断言拜登的前医学顾问安东尼·福奇博士掩盖了这样的事件。他们一再表示将调查福奇博士，共和党人为了争取特朗普选民，将福奇博士当作政治目标。福奇博士曾表示，他对疫情是否起源于实验室持“完全开放的态度”，但大量证据表明这是自然发生的。 |
| China Competitiveness | 对华竞争 |
| What committee is involved: A new select committee focused on the strategic competition between the United States and the Chinese government, led by Representative Mike Gallagher, Republican of Wisconsin. | 相关委员会：新设立的专注于美中政府之间战略竞争的特别委员会，由威斯康辛州共和党众议员迈克·加拉格尔领导。 |
| Substantive policy questions: The committee’s purpose is to investigate the Chinese government’s “economic, technological and security progress, and its competition with the United States.” It will examine many topics, including the economic dependence of the United States on Chinese supply chains, the nation’s security assistance to Taiwan and lobbying efforts by the Chinese government to influence local and state government, as well as academic institutions. The panel will then make recommendations for how the United States can avoid being overtaken by China in those areas. | 实质性政策问题：该委员会的目标是调查中国政府在“经济、技术和安全方面的提升进步，以及与美国的竞争形势”。它将审查许多议题，包括美国对中国供应链的经济依赖和对台湾的援助，以及中国政府意在影响地方和州级政府，以及学术机构的游说活动。专家组还将就美国如何避免在这些领域被中国超越提出建议。 |
| Political agenda: This committee received bipartisan support and is unlikely to become as politically charged as other Republican-led investigations. Still, some Democrats worried that an intense focus on China could lead to xenophobic rhetoric intensifying anti-Asian sentiment in the United States. | 政治议程：该委员会得到了两党支持，不太可能像共和党领导的其他调查那样变得政治化。不过，一些民主党人担心，对中国的高度关注可能引发仇外言论，加剧美国的反亚裔情绪。 |
| The Withdrawal From Afghanistan | 从阿富汗撤军 |
| What committees are involved: The Foreign Affairs Committee, led by Representative Michael McCaul, Republican of Texas; the Armed Services Committee, led by Representative Mike D. Rogers, Republican of Alabama; and the Oversight Committee. | 相关委员会：众议院外交委员会，由得克萨斯州共和党众议员迈克尔·麦考尔领导；众议院军事委员会，由阿拉巴马州共和党众议员迈克·罗杰斯领导；以及众议院监督委员会。 |
| Substantive policy questions: Republicans on Mr. McCaul’s committee have already released an interim report titled “A Strategic Failure: Assessing the Administration’s Afghanistan Withdrawal,” and he plans to continue the investigation, now with subpoena power. It is expected to focus on planning in the run-up to the evacuation, botched efforts to extract Afghan interpreters and contractors who aided the U.S. government, and the consequences of the withdrawal. | 实质性政策问题：麦考尔所领导的委员会中的共和党人已经发布了一份名为《战略失败：阿富汗撤军评估》的中期报告，如今得到传票权的他计划继续进行调查。该委员会预计将重点调查撤军前的筹划工作，对曾协助美国政府的阿富汗翻译及承包商解救工作的糟糕执行，以及撤军引发的后果。 |
| Political agenda: Seen as among the House Republicans’ most serious investigations, the inquiry can also be used to undermine faith in the Biden administration’s competency. | 政治议程：此项调查被视为众议院共和党人最严肃的调查之一，也有可能受到利用，来破坏拜登政府的公信力。 |
| Border Enforcement | 边境执法 |
| What committees are involved: The Homeland Security Committee, led by Representative Mark E. Green, Republican of Tennessee; the Judiciary Committee; and the Oversight Committee. | 相关委员会：众议院国土安全委员会，由田纳西州共和党众议员马克·格林领导；众议院司法委员会；以及众议院监督委员会。 |
| Substantive policy questions: Investigating the Biden administration’s approach to the border will be a large focus of Republicans’ efforts for the next two years, but it is yet to be determined what policy recommendations they will make. With Congress in a state of divided power, any immigration legislation is unlikely to pass. | 实质性政策问题：调查拜登政府的边境政策将是共和党未来两年的工作重点，但尚不确定他们会提出怎样的政策建议。由于国会处于权利分裂状态，任何移民立法都不太可能通过。 |
| Political agenda: The investigations are aimed at countering the record-breaking surges of migration at the southern border that have strained resources as the Biden administration scrambles to address what members of both parties call a crisis. | 政治议程：这些调查的目的是为了遏制南部边境创纪录的移民潮，在拜登政府忙于解决两党一致认定的边境危机之际，移民的激增已经导致资源紧张。 |
| At the same time, Republicans have sought to use Mr. Biden’s border policies as a political weapon against him and Democrats, blaming them for crime and capitalizing on fears among some in their hard-right base that immigrants of color will dilute their voting power. They have called for the impeachment of the homeland security secretary, Alejandro N. Mayorkas. Mr. McCarthy has said that Mr. Jordan and Mr. Comer would lead an investigation into Mr. Mayorkas to “determine whether to begin an impeachment inquiry.” | 与此同时，共和党人试图将拜登的边境政策当作对付他和民主党人的政治武器，指责他们犯下罪行，并对部分极右翼选民对有色人种移民可能削弱其投票权的担忧加以利用。他们要求弹劾国土安全部部长亚历杭德罗·马约卡斯。麦卡锡曾表示，乔丹和科默将牵头对马约卡斯展开调查，以“决定是否启动弹劾调查工作”。 |
| Treatment of Jan. 6 Defendants | 1月6日事件被告的处置 |
| What committees are involved: Unclear. Most likely the Oversight Committee or the Judiciary Committee and its new subcommittee. | 相关委员会：尚未确定。最有可能会是众议院监督委员会或司法委员会及其新成立的小组委员会。 |
| Substantive policy questions: In a closed-door meeting in November, right-wing lawmakers including Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia extracted a promise that their leaders would investigate Nancy Pelosi, the former speaker, and the Justice Department for the treatment of defendants jailed in connection with the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol. Ms. Greene has released a report on conditions at the D.C. jail, and local officials have acknowledged there are longstanding issues at the facility. | 实质性政策问题：在去年11月的一次闭门会议上，包括佐治亚州众议员马乔里·泰勒·格林在内的右翼议员承诺，针对2021年1月6日国会大厦袭击事件中入狱被告人的遭遇，他们的领导人将对前众议长佩洛西和司法部展开调查。格林发布了一份关于华盛顿监狱条件的报告，当地官员承认该设施长期存在问题。 |
| Political agenda: The topic has been a focus for hard-right Republicans in Congress, who have tried to downplay or distort what happened during the deadly assault, saying that the real victims are the ordinary people who entered the Capitol and, they say, are being persecuted for their political beliefs. Many of them want retribution for Democrats’ extensive investigation into the riot, which laid out in a series of public hearings and a voluminous report the extent of Mr. Trump’s plot to cling to power after he lost the 2020 election, with help from allies inside and outside Congress. | 政治议程：这一议题始终是国会极右翼共和党人关注的焦点，他们试图淡化或歪曲这场致命袭击期间发生的一切，称真正的受害者是那些进入国会大厦的普通民众，还表示这些人因政治信仰而受到迫害。许多共和党人都希望对民主党对这场骚乱的大规模调查进行报复，调查期间的一系列公开听证会和一份长篇报告揭露了在国会内外盟友的帮助下，特朗普在2020年败选后抓住权力不放的图谋。 |
| But some Republicans would prefer not to focus on the topic, which would inevitably involve rehashing what happened during the assault and their roles in Mr. Trump’s election subversion efforts. | 但一些共和党人宁愿不参与这个议题，因为那必然将重提袭击时发生的事情，以及他们在特朗普颠覆选举的努力中所扮演的角色。 |
| “We’re focused on a lot of investigations,” Mr. Comer told reporters recently, adding, “That wasn’t one of them.” | “我们正集中精力进行大量调查，”科默最近对记者表示，并补充说，“这并不在其中。” |
| Mr. Jordan has been vague about whether he would pursue that angle in his investigation. “We’re focused on how political our Justice Department has become,” he said. | 乔丹则对是否会从这一角度着手进行调查含糊其辞。“我们的关注点在于司法部的政治化已经到了何种程度，”他说。 |
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