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| China on Monday announced that travelers from overseas would no longer be required to enter quarantine upon arrival, in one of the country’s most significant steps toward reopening since the coronavirus pandemic began. |
| 中国周一宣布，入境人员将不再需要接受隔离，这是自新冠疫情开始以来中国迈向重新开放的最重要措施之一。 |
| From Jan. 8, incoming travelers will be required to show only a negative polymerase chain reaction, or P.C.R., test within 48 hours before departure, China’s National Health Commission said. Limitations on the number of incoming flights will also be eased. |
| 中国国家卫健委表示，自1月8日起，入境旅客只需提供出发前48小时的一次核酸阴性结果。对入境航班数量的限制也将放宽。 |
| The travel restrictions had isolated the world’s most populous country for nearly three years. Foreigners were essentially barred from entering China in 2020, and even when they were allowed back in months later, it was generally only for business or family reunions. |
| 旅行限制使这个世界上人口最多的国家在近三年时间都处于与世隔离的状态。2020年，外籍人士基本被禁止入境，即便在几个月后被允许返回，通常也只是为了商务或家庭团聚。 |
| Even some Chinese nationals were unable to return home initially, and travelers allowed to enter were required to undergo extensive health screening and quarantine at their own expense — sometimes for as long as two months. |
| 最初甚至连一些中国公民也无法回国，获准入境的旅客必须自费接受冗长的健康筛查和隔离——有时长达两个月之久。 |
| The announcement on Monday was the latest reversal in China’s “zero Covid” approach to the virus, which for years saw Beijing seek to eliminate infections. But the policy, which involved harsh and prolonged lockdowns of hundreds of millions of people, crushed the economy and stirred public discontent. |
| 周一的公告是中国“新冠清零”防疫政策的最新转向，数年来北京都在努力清除感染。但该政策涉及影响数亿民众严厉、漫长的封锁，压垮了经济，并激起了公众不满。 |
| In November, after a fire led to the deaths of 10 people in the Xinjiang region, with many people suspecting that a Covid lockdown had hampered rescue efforts, protests erupted across the country. It was one of the boldest and most widespread outbreaks of dissent in decades. Within days, the government began loosening restrictions. |
| 11月，在新疆地区的一场火灾导致10人丧生后，许多人怀疑新冠封锁措施阻碍了救援工作，全国各地爆发了抗议活动。这是数十年来最大胆、最广泛的异议爆发事件之一。很快，政府便开始放松管制。 |
| The easing of travel restrictions “basically signals the final end of zero Covid,” said Yanzhong Huang, a senior fellow for global health at the New York-based Council on Foreign Relations. Though China had relaxed many of its zero-Covid domestic policies this month — scrapping regular mandatory tests for urban residents and allowing home quarantine for the infected, for example — it had held on to its international limitations. |
| 总部位于纽约的外交关系协会的全球卫生高级研究员黄严忠表示，旅行限制的放松“基本标志着‘新冠清零’的正式结束”。尽管中国本月放宽了许多“新冠清零”的国内政策——例如取消对城镇居民的定期强制核酸，并允许居家隔离——但该国仍然坚持国际管控政策。 |
| The new measures do not amount to China’s throwing open its borders, however. Many details remained unclear. The government has not said when it will resume issuing tourist visas — all such visas that were valid at the start of the pandemic have been suspended. Officials said that they would “further optimize” the ability of foreigners to apply for visas for business, study or family reunions, without offering specifics. |
| 然而，这些新措施并不等于中国重新开放了边境。许多细节仍不明确。政府并未说明何时恢复签发旅游签证——疫情之初尚有效的所有此类签证都已暂停。官员称将会“进一步优化”外籍人士商务、留学、探亲团聚的签证安排，但没有提供具体细节。 |
| Chinese officials also did not say how many flights would be allowed to enter the country. In November, the number of international flights to China was 6 percent of what it was in 2019, according to the flight tracker VariFlight. |
| 中国官员也没有说明将允许多少航班进入中国。根据航班追踪机构飞常准的数据，11月飞往中国的国际航班数量是2019年的6%。 |
| China will also allow its citizens to resume traveling abroad for leisure in an “orderly” fashion, officials said. During the pandemic, the government stopped issuing or renewing Chinese nationals’ passports except in limited circumstances, and in May it said it would “strictly restrict nonessential exit activities.” |
| 官员表示，中国还将允许公民“有序”恢复出境游。疫情期间，除少数情况，政府停止签发或更新中国公民的护照，并在5月宣称将“从严限制中国公民的非必要出境活动”。 |
| The end to the international Covid quarantine was part of a broader announcement on Monday that China would downgrade its classification of the coronavirus. Previously, the government treated Covid-19 as a Category A infectious disease, on par with cholera or the bubonic plague. Under that categorization, officials had to put in place extensive restrictions to control the spread, including lockdowns and quarantines. Going forward, Covid will be treated as a Category B disease, which includes AIDS and bird flu. |
| 除了宣布入境新冠隔离的结束，周一的公告还宣称，中国将对新冠病毒的分类进行降级。此前政府将新冠当作甲类传染病管理，与霍乱或鼠疫同级。按照这一分类规定，官员必须实施大规模限制措施来控制传播，包括封锁和隔离。接下来新冠将按照乙类传染病管理，此类疾病还包括艾滋病和禽流感。 |
| That change will further formalize China’s shift away from zero Covid domestically, Dr. Huang said. While the earlier easing of restrictions had left local officials some leeway to decide how fast to reopen, Beijing was now signaling to officials nationwide that they should prioritize reviving the economy over disease control, he said. |
| 黄严忠博士表示，这样的改变将进一步正式确定中国国内“新冠清零”政策的转变。他说，虽然此前的防疫放松给地方官员留有一些余地来决定重新开放的速度，但现在北京向全国官员发出的信号是，他们应该优先考虑重振经济，而不是疾病控制。 |
| It was unclear, however, just how soon international travelers would be willing to visit China, and how much the economy would benefit from it. The recent loosening of restrictions has led to an explosion in infections. Many older Chinese are not vaccinated or have received only two shots. The number of infections and deaths is also unclear, as mass testing in the country has ended and China counts Covid deaths differently from most of the rest of the world. But reports of overwhelmed hospitals and funeral homes are widespread. |
| 但尚不清楚国际游客愿意多快来到中国，也不清楚经济能从中受益多少。最近的防疫放松导致感染激增。许多中国老年群体没有接种疫苗或只接种了两针。感染和死亡人数也都不明确，因为该国的大规模检测已经结束，而中国对新冠死亡的统计口径不同于世界大部分国家。但关于医院和殡仪馆不堪重负的报道比比皆是。 |
| At a news conference on Sunday, an official in Zhejiang Province, home to about 5 percent of China’s population, estimated that there were more than one million new Covid cases a day there. |
| 在周日的新闻发布会上，居住着中国约5%人口的浙江省的一名官员估计，当地每日新增新冠病例超过100万。 |
| Dr. Huang said that while China had pursued zero Covid for too long, he was now worried that policymakers had swung too quickly in the opposite direction. |
| 黄严忠博士表示，中国坚持“清零”太久，他现在担心政策制定者逆转政策的速度太快了。 |
| “I’m afraid the mitigation strategy that is supposed to be focusing on the elderly and the vulnerable will be relegated to the back burner,” he said. |
| “我担心原本应重点关注老年和弱势群体的缓解策略将被搁置一旁，”他说。 |
| The speed, and shock, of China’s Covid pivot was reflected on its social media platforms, where users greeted the news of the rollback on Monday with a mix of disbelief and elation. Some celebrated the fact that Chinese students studying overseas would be able to return more easily to visit their families. In the minutes after the announcement, Chinese news media reported, searches for international plane tickets on one travel platform soared. |
| 在中国的社交媒体平台上，可以看到新冠政策急转弯的速度和冲击，周一，用户们对于政策反转的消息表达了难以置信和兴奋之情。海外的中国留学生得以更方便地回国探亲，一些人为此感到高兴。据中国媒体报道，公告一发出，某旅游平台上的国际机票搜索量就出现飙升。 |
| Others said, however, that they could not bring themselves to be happy about the changes, given the scale of China’s outbreak and deaths. Others noted that less than one month earlier, huge swaths of cities, including Beijing, had been under lockdown. |
| 但另一些人表示，鉴于中国疫情暴发和死亡的规模，他们无法为这些改变而高兴。还有人指出，就在不到一个月前，包括北京在内的大片城市仍处于封锁状态。 |
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