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| Slumped in wheelchairs and lying on gurneys, the sickened patients crowd every nook and cranny of the emergency department at the hospital in northern China. They cram into the narrow spaces between elevator doors. They surround an idle walk-through metal detector. And they line the walls of a corridor ringing with the sounds of coughing. | 有人瘫坐在轮椅里，有人躺在轮床上，中国北方这家医院的急诊科每个角落里都是生病的人。他们挤在电梯门之间的狭窄空间里。他们围在一个不工作的金属探测门旁。他们沿着走廊的墙排成一行，走廊里的咳嗽声此起彼伏。 |
| China’s hospitals were already overcrowded, underfunded and inadequately staffed in the best of times. But now with Covid spreading freely for the first time in China, the medical system is being pushed to its limits. | 即使在最好的情况下，中国的医院也处于人满为患、资金不足、人手不够的状况。现在，随着新冠病毒首次在全国范围内不受控制地传播，医疗系统正被推向极限。 |
| The scenes of desperation and misery at the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, captured on one of several videos examined by The New York Times, reflects the growing crisis. Even as Covid cases rise, health workers on the front lines are also battling rampant infections within their own ranks. So many have tested positive for the virus in some hospitals that the remaining few say they are forced to do the job of five or more co-workers. | 《纽约时报》查看的几段视频中，有一段捕捉到了天津医科大学总医院的绝望和痛苦场景，反映出日益严重的医疗危机。甚至在新冠病毒感染病例激增之际，一线医务工作人员还不得不与自己队伍中失控的感染作斗争。有些医院感染新冠的工作人员如此之多，以至于尚未感染的少数人员说，他们被迫做五名或更多同事的工作。 |
| To ensure enough staff members are on the floor, some facilities have given up requiring doctors and nurses to test themselves before work. One doctor in the central city of Wuhan said her hospital’s staff had been so depleted that a neurosurgeon in her department recently had to perform two operations in one day while fighting symptoms of Covid. | 为了确保有足够的医务人员来上班，一些机构已放弃了医护人员在上班前自我检测的要求。中部城市武汉的一名医生说，她所在医院的人手已严重不足，以至于她所在科室的一名神经外科医生不得不在自己感染了新冠病毒的情况下，一天里给两名患者做手术。 |
| “The hospital was operating on the brink,” said the physician, Dr. Judy Pu, whose ward usually has 10 to 15 nurses and was down to just a pair. “About 80 to 90 percent of the people around me have been infected.” | “医院在一个边缘状态运作，”这名叫朱迪·浦（音）的 大夫说，她所在的病房通常有10到15名护士，现在只剩下两名仍在工作。“我周围90%、80%的人都感染了。” |
| China was the first country to experience the panic of Covid when it emerged from Wuhan in 2019. Then, for the past three years, the country largely suppressed the virus with a costly mix of mass testing, strict lockdowns and border closures. The government could have used the time to bolster its health system by stockpiling medicine and building more critical care units. It could have launched a major vaccination drive targeting the millions of vulnerable older adults who were reluctant to receive a jab or booster. China did little of that, however, plunging into crisis mode again like in the early days of Wuhan. | 新冠病毒2019年在武汉出现时，中国是第一个经历了新冠病毒恐慌的国家。后来，中国用代价高昂的全员核酸检测、严格封控，以及关闭边境等措施，在过去三年的时间里在很大程度上遏制了病毒的传播。政府本可以利用这段时间加强国内的卫生系统，储备药物，建更多的重症监护室；本可以发动一场针对数百万不愿接种疫苗或疫苗加强剂的弱势老年人的大规模疫苗接种运动。但中国基本上没有这样做，而是再次陷入了危机模式，就像武汉疫情暴发初期那样。 |
| The actual scale of China’s health emergency has been difficult to gauge — in no small part because the government did away with mass testing after abruptly lifting the country’s stringent “zero Covid” measures. The country’s inadequate vaccination levels as well as the lack of herd immunity have raised fears that death tolls could reach those seen earlier in the pandemic in places like the United States, Western Europe, and, more recently, Hong Kong. | 很难衡量中国目前卫生紧急状况的真实规模，这在很大程度上是因为政府在突然取消了严格的“新冠清零”措施后，不再进行大规模病毒检测。中国的疫苗接种覆盖不足，也缺乏群体免疫力，已引发了人们的担忧，人们担心中国这轮疫情的死亡率可能会达到美国和西欧在新冠病毒大流行初期以及香港等地最近出现过的水平。 |
| Data released by local authorities in recent days seem to confirm that the virus is running rampant, with reports from several cities and provinces of hundreds of thousands of infections recorded daily. Questions also abound about the number of Covid-related deaths China is reporting because officials only count those who die from respiratory failure directly linked to a Covid infection. Officially, seven people have died from the virus since pandemic rules were relaxed on Dec. 7, a number that belies mounting anecdotal evidence from across the country — from the crush of hearses outside a crematory in Beijing to the overflow of yellow body bags at some funeral homes. | 地方当局最近几天发布的数据似乎证实了新冠病毒正在泛滥，多个省份和城市通报的日新增感染人数达数十万例。人们对中国通报的与新冠病毒有关的死亡人数也有很多疑问，因为官方只把死于与新冠病毒感染直接相关的呼吸衰竭的人统计进来。自12月7日政府放弃了清零政策以来，官方公布仅七例死于新冠病毒，这个数字掩盖了来自全国各地越来越多的传闻证据——从北京的火葬场外排长队的灵车，到一些地方的殡仪馆里摆满了黄色尸袋。 |
| A Shanghai hospital predicted half of Shanghai’s 25 million residents would eventually be infected and warned its staff of a “tragic battle” in the coming weeks, according to a now-deleted statement the hospital posted last week on the social media platform WeChat. | 上海一家医院上周在社交媒体平台微信上发的动员令中预测，全市2500万居民中最终将有一半人感染病毒，并警告医院员工将在未来几周面临一场“惨烈的战役”，该动员令现已被删除。 |
| “In this tragic battle, all of Shanghai will fall, and all the staff of the hospital will be infected! Our whole families will be infected! Our patients will all be infected!” the statement read. “We have no choice, and we cannot escape.” | “在这场惨烈的战役中，大上海将整个沦陷，我们将全院职工感染！我们将全家感染！我们的患者将全部感染！”动员令写道。“我们没有选择，躲是躲不过的。” |
| Manpower is stretched so thin in some hospitals that retired doctors are being asked to return to work. Physicians and nurses are reportedly being pulled from the eastern provinces of Shandong and Jiangsu to fortify medical facilities in Beijing. | 一些医院的人手严重不足，以至于已退休的医务人员被要求重返岗位。有报道称，山东省和江苏省已派出由医生和护士组成的医疗团队去支援北京的医院。 |
| Medical students who work as resident doctors and interns at hospitals have protested the deteriorating working conditions. They demanded that students be allowed to return home for winter break if they wanted to, and asked for equal pay and better protection from the virus for those who chose to work. Such students are among the lowest-paid medical workers, despite being expected to work longer hours. | 在医院担任住院医生和实习生的医学院学生们对不断恶化的工作条件提出了抗议。他们要求如果学生想回家过寒假的话，应该允许他们回家，并要求为那些选择留下来工作的人支付与正式员工相同的工资、提供更好的防病毒防护。实习学生是收入最低的医务人员之一，尽管他们要工作更长的时间。 |
| Their demonstrations coincided with the death on Dec. 14 of a 23-year-old medical student who had been working at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University in the southwestern city of Chengdu. The hospital said the student suffered a heart attack, but his classmates have disputed the claim, saying he collapsed because he was overworked while infected with Covid. | 这些抗议活动发生的时间与成都的四川大学华西医院工作的一名23岁的医学院学生12月14日死亡的时间相近。华西医院说这名学生死于心脏病突发，但他的同学对此说法提出异议，称他倒下是因为他感染了新冠病毒后仍在工作、过度劳累的结果。 |
| The staffing crisis is expected to worsen as the winter wears on and millions of migrant workers travel home ahead of the Lunar New Year holiday in January. Health workers are already experiencing chaos behind the scenes marked by shifting policies, physical and mental exhaustion and widespread frustration over the government’s failure to give them time to prepare for the surge of patients. | 随着冬天的到来，以及数百万农民工将在明年1月的农历新年假期到来前返乡，估计医院的人手短缺危机将进一步恶化。医务工作者已经在经历着人们看不到的混乱——政策反复无常、身心疲惫，以及对于政府没有给他们时间为激增的感染者做准备普遍存在沮丧感。 |
| “We got no notice at all beforehand. I found out about the easing of restrictions from the news,” Dr. Pu said. | “完全没有任何风声，看新闻才知道放开，”浦大夫说。 |
| Medical staff say they could have avoided the medicine shortages that have forced some facilities to ration drugs. There also could have been more time to set up a more effective triage system to avoid overcrowding. One of the fundamental problems with China’s health system is its overreliance on hospitals for even the most basic care. Large, urban facilities like the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, by number, account for only 0.3 percent of all health care providers in China, but they handled nearly a quarter of all outpatient visits in the country last year, data from the National Health Commission show. | 医务人员说，他们本可以避免药品短缺问题，这个问题已迫使一些医院限量配药。本可以有更多时间来建立一个更有效的分诊系统，以避免过度拥挤。中国卫生系统的根本问题之一是，就连看最基本的病也过度依赖医院。据国家卫生健康委员会的数据，天津医科大学总医院这样的大型城市医疗机构的数量仅占中国所有医疗保健机构的0.3%，但它们去年的门诊就诊量占了全国的近四分之一。 |
| “In the U.S. people have their own primary physicians, but there are few ways in China to get care from the medical system except to go to an E.R. at a big hospital,” said Dr. Qiao Renli, a pulmonary and critical care doctor at the University of Southern California, who has taught and practiced medicine in both China and the United States. | “美国人都有私人医生，中国除了到大医院急诊室没有别的办法进入医疗系统，”南加州大学呼吸科和重症监护医生乔人立博士说道，他有在中美两国带教和行医的经验。 |
| To ease the burden on hospital workers, the government has been working to increase the number of “fever clinics” across the country. Such facilities are separate wings within hospitals or stand-alone clinics that are designated for treating patients with fevers, regardless of whether they have Covid. In the southern city of Shenzhen, officials set up fever clinics in booths that had previously been used to conduct Covid tests. In Beijing, the government said it converted empty stadiums and quarantine centers into similar facilities, raising the number of fever clinics to more than 1,000 in recent weeks. | 为了减轻医护人员的负担，政府一直在努力增加全国“发热门诊”的数量。这些设施是医院或独立诊所单独开设的区域，专门用于接治发烧患者，不管他们是否患有新冠病毒疾病。南方城市深圳的官员们把以前用于核酸采样的亭子改为发热门诊。北京市的政府说，已将空置的体育场馆和集中隔离设施改为发热门诊，在最近几周里将发热门诊的数量增加到了1000多个。 |
| The push to build more fever clinics highlights how quickly the government has tried to adapt to the fast-moving virus — though sometimes too quickly, some health workers say. | 设立更多发热门诊的努力凸显了政府极力尽快适应这种快速传播的病毒——尽管有时过快，一些医护人员说。 |
| Adela Xu, a nurse at a cancer center in Shanghai, said before restrictions were eased, staff and visitors needed to present negative Covid tests to enter her hospital. Then starting about a week ago, the hospital, under government orders, began constructing a fever clinic to help screen out patients who might have Covid. But by the time it opened, the facility was already rendered obsolete because the city stopped requiring Covid testing to enter the emergency room. At the same time, more and more people were becoming infected. | 上海一家癌症中心的护士阿德拉·徐说，放宽防疫措施之前，工作人员和来访者需要出示核酸阴性证明，才能进入医院。后来，从大约一周前开始，医院按照政府的要求开始设发热门诊，帮助筛查可能的新冠病毒感染者。但等发热门诊开始接收患者时，它已经过时了，因为上海已不再要求人们进急诊室前做病毒检测。与此同时，感染新冠病毒的人正变得越来越多。 |
| “Last week, about 20 out of 700 of the E.R. patients tested were positive,” Ms. Xu said. “Now about 100 out of 700 are positive.” | “上礼拜门诊病人700人里20个人阳，”徐女士说。“现在700人里100个人阳。” |
| The deluge of Covid patients is not the only challenge hospitals are facing. One of the ripple effects of the outbreak has been a widespread shortage of blood for transfusions because of the shrinking pool of eligible donors. | 新冠病毒感染者激增并不是医院面临的唯一挑战。这轮疫情的涟漪效应之一是各地的血库告急，因为合格的献血者人数量越来越少。 |
| In the southwestern city of Kunming, a blood bank said in a statement that the city was getting a fraction of the 500 donors per day it needs to keep up with demand, and that the shortage had started to affect pregnant women and patients in intensive care units. | 昆明市一家血库在一份声明中说，满足全市每天的用血需求通常需要500名献血者，现在来献血的人只是这个数字的一小部分，血液短缺已开始让孕妇和住在重症监护病房的患者受到影响。 |
| In response to the shortages, the National Health Commission revised its 2021 rules on blood donations this month, allowing people who have recovered from Covid to donate blood after seven days instead of six months. The new guideline also lifted restrictions that had been placed on potential donors who are close contacts of Covid patients. | 为了应对血库缺血问题，国家卫健委本月修订了2021年启用的献血规定，允许感染新冠病毒后康复的人在康复七天后献血，而不是六个月后。新指南还取消了对与新冠病毒感染者有过密切接触的潜在献血者的限制。 |
| Some hospitals in Hebei Province near Beijing are reportedly experiencing a dire shortage of ventilators, oxygen tanks and intensive care beds. In a video shot by The Associated Press, a medical worker at a hospital in Zhuozhou, a city in northern Hebei, could be heard urging a group of people to transfer a patient to a different hospital that was better equipped, saying that the facility was out of oxygen supplies. | 有报道称，北京附近河北省的一些医院已发生了呼吸机、氧气罐和重症监护病床严重短缺的问题。在美联社拍的一段视频中可以听到，河北北部城市涿州一家医院的一名医务人员敦促一群人将一名患者转移到另一家设备更好的医院去，说医院里的氧气供应已经不足。 |
| “If you can’t even give him oxygen, how can you rescue him?” the worker said. “If you don’t want any delays, turn around and transfer him quickly!” | “在外边抢救？这楼道里连个氧气、连个电都没有，连个吸氧都没有，”该医护人员说。“不想耽误就得赶紧转走！” |
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