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| Seeking to burnish its prestige in the world, China is portraying its Tiangong orbital outpost as a space station that is available for scientists everywhere, not just for those who happen to live in other countries with established space programs. |
| 为了提升在全球的声望，中国将其天宫轨道前哨基地描绘成一个可供世界各地科学家使用的空间站，不会只让那些刚好生活在已建立了太空计划国家的科学家受益。 |
| “We stand ready to conduct more international cooperation and exchanges with countries and regions committed to the peaceful use of outer space,” Wang Wenbin, a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, said in April. |
| “中方愿与所有致力于和平利用外空的国家和地区一道，开展更多国际合作与交流，”中国外交部发言人汪文斌4月表示。 |
| For the International Space Station — a partnership between NASA, Russia, Canada, the European Space Agency and Japan that has been in orbit for more than two decades — the laboratory resources are split among the partner nations, which then offer their scientists opportunities to send experiments to the space station. |
| 对于在轨运行超过20年、由美国宇航局、俄罗斯、加拿大、欧洲航天局和日本参与合作的国际空间站，实验室资源会在合作国家之间分配，再由这些国家为其科学家提供前往空间站实验的机会。 |
| But scientists living in countries that are outside of the partnership are generally shut out of the I.S.S. |
| 但合作关系之外的他国科学家往往都被国际空间站拒之门外。 |
| Through a United Nations program called “Access to Space for All,” China has offered opportunities for scientists from any country to get their experiments carried to the Tiangong space station. |
| 通过联合国一个名为“所有人的太空”的项目，中国为所有国家的科学家提供了将其实验带到天宫空间站的机会。 |
| The United Nations announced the first round of nine awards in 2019, which included projects from India, Japan, Peru, Mexico and Saudi Arabia. |
| 联合国在2019年宣布了首轮九个中标者，来自印度、日本、秘鲁、墨西哥和沙特阿拉伯的项目都在其中。 |
| One of the selected experiments, POLAR-2, is an international effort led by the University of Geneva to study distant gamma-ray bursts. |
| “天极-2”伽马暴偏振探测仪是被选定的实验项目之一，这是由日内瓦大学主导的一项国际项目，旨在研究远程伽玛射线暴。 |
| Gamma-ray bursts are some of the most violent explosions in the universe, caused by exploding stars or merging neutron stars. The explosions send short, intense jets of ultra-high-energy photons known as gamma rays traveling across the universe. |
| 伽玛射线暴是宇宙中最剧烈的爆发现象之一，由恒星爆炸或中子星并合引起。这种爆炸会引发短暂而强烈的超高能光子射流——即伽马射线——穿越宇宙。 |
| As its name suggests, POLAR-2 is a follow-up to POLAR, a smaller detector that flew to an earlier, smaller Chinese prototype space laboratory. |
| 顾名思义，“天极-2”是“天极”的后续项目，这是一种小型探测器，曾搭载于较早之前规模更小的中国空间实验室原型。 |
| “Historically, University of Geneva had a strong connection to Chinese research groups,” said Merlin Kole, the project manager for POLAR-2, which is scheduled to be launched to Tiangong in 2025. |
| “日内瓦大学和中国研究团队在历史上就有着密切联系，”计划于2025年向天宫空间站完成发射的“天极-2”项目负责人梅林·科尔说。 |
| The experiment examines whether gamma rays from a gamma-ray burst line up in a particular way. More than a decade ago, measurements by an instrument on a Japanese spacecraft suggested that gamma rays were often linearly polarized — that is, the oscillating electric fields of the gamma rays were parallel to each other like a squadron of airplanes flying level instead of with their wings skewed in every direction. |
| 该实验将检测伽马射线暴中的伽马射线是否以特定的方式排列。十多年前，日本一架航天器上的仪器测量表明，伽马射线通常是线性偏振的——也就是说，伽马射线的振荡电场彼此平行，就像一队水平飞行的飞机，其机翼并不是各个方向倾斜。 |
| But the data from POLAR, which flew in 2016, suggested that the gamma rays were unpolarized. |
| 但来自2016年发射的“天极”的数据表明，伽马射线是非偏振的。 |
| The POLAR scientists considered how they could get a larger, follow-up detector launched to space. They decided not to seek to build a dedicated satellite of their own. |
| “天极”项目科学家想过要如何将一个更大的后续探测器发射升空。他们决定不去建造自己的专用卫星。 |
| “That would be much more complex on the whole,” said Agnieszka Pollo, an astrophysicist at the National Center for Nuclear Research in Poland and the principal investigator for the Polish part of the POLAR-2 collaboration. |
| “那在整体上要复杂得多，”波兰国家核能研究院的天体物理学家兼“天极-2”合作项目波兰区首席研究员阿格涅斯卡·波洛表示。 |
| And the International Space Station was also not considered viable because “there is a big competition for that,” Dr. Pollo said, “and this is also not exactly so cheap and easy.” |
| 国际空间站也被认为不可行，因为“这方面的竞争很激烈”，波洛博士说，“而且这也不是那么便宜和轻松就能实现的。” |
| So when the research opportunity for Tiangong was announced, “Relatively quickly we were able to submit something, and we got acceptance in the first round,” Dr. Kole said. |
| 因此，当天宫空间站宣布提供研究机会，“我们很快提交了一些材料，并在首轮就获得批准，”波洛说。 |
| Tiangong’s high-speed communications system will allow tens of gigabytes of data to be sent to the ground each day. That will allow scientists to analyze all of the data that may contain nuggets of discovery such as very weak gamma-ray bursts or other astrophysical events that might otherwise be discarded as noise. |
| 天宫空间站的高速通讯系统可以每天向地面发送数十吉字节的数据。这将让科学家得以分析所有可能包含了重大发现的数据，例如非常微弱的伽马射线暴，或其他可能被当作噪音忽视的天体物理活动。 |
| There is also a supercomputer on the space station to analyze the data while it is still in space. That will allow quick calculation of where a gamma-ray burst originated. That information could then be shared with astronomers on the ground for rapid follow-up observations using other telescopes, Dr. Kole said. |
| 该空间站还搭载了一台超级计算机，能在太空中分析数据。这可以快速计算出伽马射线暴的起源。科尔表示，这些信息随后可以与地面上的天文学家共享，以便使用其他望远镜迅速进行后续观测。 |
| So far, the collaboration with Chinese space officials has gone well, Dr. Kole said, although that can involve wading through the Chinese bureaucracy. |
| 科尔说，尽管可能会经历中国官僚机构的层层报批，但到目前为止，与中国航天官员的合作还是非常顺利的。 |
| “There are several agencies involved, and we don’t talk to all of them directly,” he said. “So that makes it a bit tricky at times. But when we really need to know something, we figure it out.” |
| “因为涉及到很多机构，我们也没法与所有人直接沟通，”他说。“因此有时会有点棘手。但当我们真的需要了解某些情况的时候，还是可以弄清楚的。” |
| Because the $2 million instrument is largely being built in Europe and then shipped to China, the project involves bureaucracy and paperwork with European officials, too. |
| 因为这台价值200万美元的设备主要在欧洲制造，然后才运往中国，该项目也涉及到与欧洲官员打交道的繁文缛节。 |
| “We’re not giving secrets, of course,” Dr. Kole said. “All of the components are relatively easy and nothing is secretive. It’s a scientific instrument. But, yeah, there’s no very clear bureaucratic channel to do this properly.” |
| “我们当然不会泄露机密，”科尔说。“所有组件都相对简单，没有什么是机密的。这是一台科学仪器。但确实没有非常明确的官方渠道来妥善处理此事。” |
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