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| When it came time to fill out his college application form, Max Li chose not to declare his race. Even though he knew his last name sounded Chinese, he selected “prefer not to say.” |
| 在填写大学申请表的时候，麦克斯·李（音）选择不申明自己的种族。尽管他知道自己的姓听起来像华人，但他还是选择了“不愿公开”这个选项。 |
| Clara Chen was advised to avoid the Advanced Placement exam for Chinese because college admissions officers might assume, based on her last name, that she already spoke the language, which could undermine the value of her score. She took the test for Advanced Placement French instead. |
| 有人建议克拉拉·陈（音）不要参加中文大学先修课程考试，因为大学招生人员可能会根据她的姓氏假设她已经会说中文，这可能会影响到她的分值。她改为参加法语先修课程的考试。 |
| When Marissa Li was growing up, she loved playing competitive chess, and spent hours studying the matches of some of her favorite players, like Bobby Fischer. But on her college application, she barely mentioned her interest in the game because she was afraid that it might come across as too stereotypically Asian. |
| 玛丽莎·李（音）从小热爱竞技象棋，会花很多时间研究自己最喜欢的一些棋手的比赛，比如鲍比·费舍尔。但在申请大学的时候，她几乎没有提到自己的这个爱好，因为担心这可能会让人觉得太符合亚裔刻板印象。 |
| “It is a little sad now that I think about it,” Ms. Li, 20, said in a recent interview. “I wasn’t really able to talk about the activities that meant the most to me.” |
| “现在想想有点难过，”20岁的李女士在不久前接受采访时说。“我没法说出对我来说最重要的活动。” |
| In October, the Supreme Court heard arguments in a lawsuit brought by Students for Fair Admissions that accused Harvard of systematically discriminating against Asian American applicants. |
| 10月，最高法院听取了“公平招生”组织提起的诉讼中的论点，该组织指控哈佛大学系统性地歧视亚裔美国申请者。 |
| Students for Fair Admissions said that, compared with other racial groups, applicants of Asian descent consistently received a lower “personal rating” — a subjective score for traits like self-confidence, likability and kindness. |
| 该组织表示，与其他种族群体相比，亚裔申请者的“个人评分”一直较低——这是对自信、好感度和善良等特质的主观评分。 |
| In 2019, a federal appeals court judge found that the university met the strict constitutional standard for considering race in its admissions process. Even so, that lawsuit seems to have confirmed what many Asian American teenagers have quietly thought for years, as they downplayed aspects of their identity or changed their hobbies or interests as part of an effort to appear, as students, parents and college admissions counselors said, “less Asian.” |
| 2019年，一名联邦上诉法院法官裁定，该大学在招生过程中考虑种族因素符合严格的宪法标准。即便如此，这起诉讼似乎证实了许多亚裔美国青少年一直在私下揣测的事情，多年来，他们淡化自己身份的某些方面，或者改变自己的爱好与兴趣，以便让自己像学生、家长和大学招生顾问所说的“不那么亚裔”。 |
| Asian Americans are a hugely diverse, complicated group, and students don’t fit into cookie-cutter stereotypes. But in the high-stakes competition for spots at elite colleges, in which so much of an applicant’s life must be boiled down to 500 or so words, many Asian American students are acutely aware of what not to be. |
| 亚裔美国人是一个非常复杂的群体，非常多样化，学生并不符合千篇一律的刻板印象。但在竞争激烈的名牌大学录取名额的竞争中，申请者的大部分人生经历必须浓缩到约500个字里，许多亚裔美国学生敏锐地意识到什么是不能做的。 |
| While it’s difficult to measure how widespread this phenomenon is, the rumor that students can appear “too Asian” has hardened into a kind of received wisdom within many Asian American communities, along with the idea that Asian American students must meet a higher bar academically than other racial groups to get into the same schools. |
| 虽然很难衡量这种现象的普遍程度，但在许多亚裔美国人社区中，学生可能看起来“太亚裔”的传闻已经变成了一种公认的智慧，还有一种说法是，亚裔美国学生必须在学业上达到比其他族裔更高的标准，才能进入同一所学校。 |
| Students for Fair Admissions noted in its brief that “an entire industry exists to help them appear ‘less Asian’ on their college applications.” The group pointed to a popular test-prep guide published in 2004 by the Princeton Review, which advised students of Asian descent to try to conceal their racial identity. |
| 公平招生组织在简报中指出，“存在一个完整的行业帮助他们在大学申请中显得‘不那么亚裔’”。该组织指出，《普林斯顿评论》2004年出版了一份广受欢迎的备考指南，建议亚裔学生尽量掩瞒自己的种族身份。 |
| Many families still seek out professional advice. In interviews, college admissions consultants spoke about trying to steer their Asian American clients away from so-called typically Asian activities such as Chinese language school, piano and Indian classical instruments like the venu flute. |
| 许多家庭仍在寻求专业建议。在采访中，大学招生顾问谈到他们如何引导亚裔美国客户远离所谓的典型亚裔活动，比如中文学校、钢琴和横笛等印度古典乐器。 |
| They had other tips, too: Writing about your family’s immigrant hardship story is too basic. And don’t bother checking the race box on the common application unless you’re Latino or Black — doing so may not hurt your chances of getting in, but it won’t help you either. |
| 他们还有别的建议：写移民家庭的艰辛故事太过普通。还有，没必要在通用申请表的种族那一栏打勾，除非你是拉丁裔或黑人——这么做可能不会影响你录取的几率，但也不会有帮助。 |
| Harvard and supporters of affirmative action have argued that there is no such thing as a penalty for Asians and that race is, in fact, one factor among many used to evaluate applicants. The university says that, in shaping a class, it strives for diversity in not just race but also academic interests, geography, politics and socioeconomic background. Supporters have noted that the number of admitted Asian American applicants had steadily increased for decades. They made up about 28 percent of those admitted this year, up from nearly 20 percent in 2013. By comparison, Asians make up about 7 percent of the country’s population. (About 15 percent of admitted students this year were Black; 13 percent were Latino; and 3 percent were Native American.) |
| 哈佛和平权行动支持者认为不存在对亚裔的惩罚，事实上，种族只是用来评估申请者的诸多因素之一。校方表示，在对一个课堂的塑造上，不只是种族，学术兴趣、地域、政治和社会经济背景的多元都是他们努力去实现的。支持者指出，亚裔美国申请者的数量，在过去几十年里稳步提升。今年他们占了所有申请者的28%，比2013年的近20%高出许多。而相比之下，亚裔在全国人口中的占比大约在7%。（今年录取的学生约15%为黑人；13%为拉丁裔；3%为美洲原住民。） |
| But Harvard’s arguments have done little to dispel the suspicions of many Asian Americans. Consultants say that, if anything, concerns among students about appearing too Asian are only growing. |
| 但是哈佛的自辩根本无法打消许多亚裔美国人的疑虑。顾问们表示，学生对自己太过亚裔的担忧只能说是有增无减。 |
| Sasha Chada, the founder of Ivy Scholars, a college admissions counseling company based in Texas, said that while his company’s Latino clients often emphasized their ethnicity and their engagement with Hispanic cultural organizations on their college applications, his company frequently gave Asian American students the opposite advice, urging them to shift away from “classically Asian activities” to improve their chances of getting into the country’s elite universities. |
| 得克萨斯州的大学入学咨询公司常春藤学者的创始人萨沙·查达说，他的公司的拉丁裔客户往往会在大学申请中强调其族裔身份，以及与西语裔文化组织的往来，然而对于亚裔美国学生，他们经常给出相反的建议，敦促他们回避那些“经典的亚裔活动”，从而提升入读美国精英院校的几率。 |
| “It doesn’t make me happy to tell ninth graders that there are musical instruments they shouldn’t play or academic pursuits they shouldn’t engage in because it’s going to make them look bad because of their ethnicity,” Mr. Chada said. |
| “这可不是什么美差，我要去告诉九年级生有些乐器他们是不能碰的，有些学业追求是他们不能有的，因为他们的族裔身份导致这会有损他们的形象，”查达说。 |
| Many consultants said that, when it came to elite college admissions, it was not enough to just be a well-rounded student. Differentiation is the name of the game, regardless of race. |
| 许多顾问说，在精英院校的录取上，单单成为一个通才是不够的。这场游戏的关键在于脱颖而出，无论你是什么种族。 |
| In its brief, Students for Fair Admissions drew a parallel between Harvard’s approach to Asian American applicants and the efforts by Ivy League schools, including Harvard, to limit the number of Jewish students in the 1920s. |
| 在公平招生组织看来，哈佛对亚裔美国申请者的处理，和1920年代常春藤校——包括哈佛——限制犹太学生数量的做法是一回事。 |
| Others see parallels as well. “The same stereotypes used to grade down Jewish applicants in the 1920s — that they were nerds or grinds, that they would spend too much time studying to be ‘well rounded’ — are being used against Asian American applicants today,” said Mark Oppenheimer, the host of “Gatecrashers,” a podcast about the history of Jews in the Ivy League. |
| 还有一些人也这么认为。“1920年代使用刻板印象压犹太申请者的得分——他们是一群书呆子，拼命三郎，把太多时间用在让自己成为‘通才’——如今同样的方法又被用在亚裔美国申请者身上，”讲述常春藤校犹太人历史的播客节目《擅闯者》(Gatecrashers)的主持人马可·奥本海默说。 |
| Supporters of Harvard say that the historical comparison is flawed and that there is no evidence that Harvard’s current admissions policies are driven by animus toward Asian Americans or that they are designed to suppress the number of Asian Americans admitted to the school. |
| 哈佛的支持者说，这种纵向的比较是有问题的，没有证据表明哈佛目前的招生政策是由对亚裔美国人的歧视驱动的，或者被用来压制亚裔美国人入学的数量。 |
| Students for Fair Admissions has also argued that, among Asian American students, the perception of bias has contributed to “unusually high” levels of anxiety and suicide. Even some of the most outspoken supporters of race-conscious admissions have acknowledged the negative impact of that perception on students’ mental health. |
| 公平招生组织还认为，在亚裔美国学生中，对偏见的感知导致了“异常高”的焦虑和自杀水平。即使是一些最敢言的族群差别待遇招生政策支持者也承认，这种感觉对学生的心理健康产生了负面影响。 |
| Sally Chen is the education equity program manager at Chinese for Affirmative Action, a San Francisco-based advocacy organization. As a child of working-class Chinese immigrants, she said that she had benefited from affirmative action when she had applied to Harvard and that there was no evidence of discrimination against Asians in the school’s admissions process. |
| 萨莉·陈（音）是旧金山的倡导组织华人权益促进会的教育公平项目经理。作为工薪阶层华人移民的子女，她说自己在申请哈佛时受益于平权行动，而且没有证据表明该校在招生过程中存在歧视亚裔的现象。 |
| At the same time, she added, “I know through talking to other Asian American students and families how harmful it can be for students to think that their experiences or their background are not compelling or not valuable.” |
| 同时，她也补充道，“通过与其他亚裔美国学生和家庭的交谈，我了解到当学生认为自己的经历或背景没有吸引力或没有价值时，可以造成多大的伤害。” |
| In interviews with about a dozen or so former and current Asian American students at Harvard, most said that they were disturbed by some of the lawsuit’s revelations but also that they supported the university’s efforts to foster a diverse student body, even more so after having experienced the diversity of the campus firsthand. |
| 在对十余名哈佛之前和现在的亚裔美国学生的采访中，大多数人表示，他们对诉讼披露的一些事情感到不安，但他们也支持哈佛大学培养多元化学生群体的努力，在亲身体验了校园的多样性之后，他们的态度更加坚定。 |
| Some of the students said they had written about their Asian identity in their admissions applications, but they described carefully calibrated essays — intended to relay an applicant’s life while also avoiding stereotypes. Ms. Li, the chess player, said she had felt that she had more space to discuss her identity from a generational perspective. She wrote about how translating between Chinese and English at an international competition had reflected her struggles communicating with her immigrant parents. |
| 一些学生表示，他们在入学申请中提到了自己的亚裔身份，但他们都提到申请文书经过了精心调整，重点讲述申请者的生活，同时避免刻板印象。喜欢下棋的李女士说，她觉得从代际的角度来讨论自己的身份问题会有更大的空间。她在文中提及一次参加国际比赛时，中英文的切换反映出她与移民父母在交流方面的不易。 |
| Lap Nguyen, 20, a junior at Harvard, had also leaned into generational themes, writing about his love for the language of his birth country, Vietnam, and his experience teaching that language to his little brother. |
| 20岁的阮立（音）是哈佛的大三学生，他也倾向于代际主题，在申请文书中，出生于越南的他写下了对越南语的热爱，以及他教弟弟学习这种语言的经历。 |
| This nuanced consideration of how Asian American students should present themselves could become even more freighted if affirmative action in college admissions is ruled unconstitutional. During the Supreme Court hearing, the justices considered what kind of personal essays could be allowed. Would students, for instance, be allowed to write about their personal experiences of racism? |
| 如果大学招生中的平权法案被裁定违宪，对亚裔美国学生应该如何表现自己的细微考量可能会变得更加令人不安。在最高法院的听证会上，法官们对个人申请文书的内容进行了考量。例如，学生是否可以写下他们个人经历过的种族主义? |
| Patrick Strawbridge, a lawyer for Students for Fair Admissions, said, “What we object to is a consideration of race and race by itself,” adding that an Asian American student might write about traveling to a grandparent’s home country. |
| 公平招生组织的律师帕特里克·斯特劳布里奇说：“我们反对的是种族和种族本身的考虑。”他还表示，亚裔美国学生可能会写去祖父母的祖国旅行的事情。 |
| For now, Asian American students are still figuring out what to write. Grace Ou, 17, a senior at Galileo Academy of Science and Technology in San Francisco, said that in her college application essays she planned to write about her identity. |
| 目前，亚裔美国学生仍在思考该写些什么。17岁的格蕾丝·欧（音）是旧金山伽利略科学与技术学校毕业班学生，她说她打算在大学申请文书中写自己的身份。 |
| “In terms of college applications, I don’t think I’m going to try to stay away from that,” she said. “It is who I am.” |
| “在大学申请这件事情上，我认为我不会回避这个问题，”她说。“这就是我。” |
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