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| The Chinese government is on a mission: to convince older citizens that its latest Covid-19 vaccines are easy to take and effective. |
| 中国政府正在执行一项任务：让老年人相信最新的国产新冠疫苗接种起来容易，而且有效。 |
| In state-run media, a woman at a clinic in Tianjin said “there was no discomfort” with a new inhaled vaccine, while a woman in Shanghai quipped that getting her booster was “a bit like drinking milk tea.” A man in Wenzhou reassured the hesitant, “it doesn’t hurt at all, and it’s a little sweet.” |
| 官媒上，天津一名女子在接种点接种了新的吸入式疫苗后称“没有任何不适”，上海一名女子接种了加强剂后打趣地说“有点像喝奶茶”。温州一名男子说“一点都不疼，还有点甜”，以打消犹豫不决者的疑虑。 |
| Such state-sponsored messaging is critical as the Chinese government drops its onerous Covid restrictions and braces for a surge in cases that could overwhelm its medical resources. It not only needs to convince people that the virus is nothing to fear, but also that vaccines are essential to protect against the most severe outcomes of the disease. The outbreaks in the coming weeks and months — and how deadly they will be — depend in part on whether older adults are willing to be inoculated. |
| 随着中国政府放弃繁苛的“新冠清零”政策，准备应对可能造成医疗资源挤兑的感染人数激增，这种官方推动的信息传递至关重要。政府不仅需要让人们相信新冠病毒并不可怕，还要让人们相信疫苗对于预防这种疾病的最严重后果至关重要。中国未来几周和几个月的疫情——以及疫情将导致多少人死亡——部分取决于老年人的疫苗接种意愿。 |
| Since its dramatic about-face to dismantle its “zero Covid” strategy last week, China has been downplaying the severity of the Omicron variant rippling through cities, essentially encouraging the country to learn to live with Covid. A top epidemiologist noted on Sunday that the death rate is similar to the common flu. Another health expert said authorities were prepared for the strain on the country’s medical system. |
| 自从政府上周急转弯，突然取消了“新冠清零”政策以来，中国一直在淡化目前在多个城市传播的奥密克戎变异株的严重性，基本上是在鼓励国人学会与新冠病毒疾病共处。一位知名流行病学家周日指出，奥密克戎的致死率与普通流感的类似。另一位卫生专家则说，当局已准备好应对国内医疗系统将面临的压力。 |
| On Monday, China reported 8,561 new local cases, compared to around 30,000 before the strategy shifted. The figures have become increasingly unreliable as officials have all but stopped regular mass testing in recent days and made reporting of home testing voluntary. |
| 中国周一通报了8561例新增本土感染病例，而这个数字在政策大转弯前是3万例左右。由于官员们已在最近几天几乎停止了常规的大规模核酸检测，让使用快速抗原自检的人自愿报告阳性结果，政府宣布的感染数字已变得越来越不可靠。 |
| Uncertainties over the new approach, and the rushed rollback of the rules, are mounting. |
| 新的防疫做法和仓促放松所带来的不确定性正在增加。 |
| Within China’s oldest segment of the population, 40 percent have not received a booster; the World Health Organization has said such doses are especially vital with Chinese vaccines, which use inactivated virus and are usually less effective than foreign counterparts that use newer mRNA technology. And many families are still hesitant about the safety of vaccines for their elder relatives, even as new inhalable vaccines are being portrayed as less scary than those that require a needle. |
| 中国年龄最大的人口当中仍有40%未接种加强针；世界卫生组织说，接种加强针对中国国产疫苗尤为重要，因为国产疫苗使用的是灭活病毒，效力通常不如使用更新的mRNA技术的外国疫苗。许多家庭仍对老年亲属接种疫苗的安全性犹豫不决，尽管新的吸入式疫苗被描述为不像需要打针的疫苗那么吓人。 |
| Health experts warn that the vaccination campaign may be too late to defend against the current wave of cases. Singapore, where officials lifted strict measures late last year, spent months communicating and preparing before easing measures. |
| 卫生专家警告，疫苗接种运动对预防当前这轮感染浪潮来说可能为时已晚。去年底取消严格防控措施之前，新加坡的官员们花了好几个月的时间与民众沟通，为放宽防疫措施做准备。 |
| The authorities in Hong Kong neglected to encourage its older population to get vaccinated until it was in the middle of a major outbreak earlier this year. Without a high level of inoculation at the time, the virus killed people at a rate that exceeded nearly every country since the start of the pandemic. |
| 香港当局起初没有重视对老年人接种疫苗的鼓励，直到今年早些时候陷入一轮重大疫情中后才采取相关行动。由于当时老年人的疫苗接种率不够高，香港那轮新冠疫情的病死率超过了自大流行开始以来的几乎所有国家和地区。 |
| “Ideally, you would be prepared before you open the gates,” said Yanzhong Huang, a senior fellow for global health at the Council on Foreign Relations. “This is really not a recipe for a smooth transition — it’s going to be a bumpy ride.” |
| “理想情况下，你会在打开大门之前做好准备，”美国外交关系委员会全球卫生高级研究员黄严忠说。“目前的做法真不是平稳过渡的秘诀——前面的道路将充满颠簸。” |
| As China’s authoritarian government faced angry and rare protests against its Covid restrictions, policymakers two weeks ago launched a new vaccination drive targeting older citizens, a tacit recognition that in order to ease the rules, they needed to do more to protect the most vulnerable. |
| 由于发生了针对中国威权主义政府新冠清零政策罕见、愤怒的抗议活动，决策者们曾在两周前开始了加强针对老年人的新一轮疫苗接种运动，这等于是在默认，为了放松管控，政府需要采取更多措施保护最易感的人群。 |
| Officials pledged to bring vaccines to nursing homes, go door-to-door and use mobile stations. They swiftly rolled out one newly approved inhaled vaccine, touting it in a steady stream of television reports, newspaper articles and local health fact sheets as “easy,” “convenient,” and “like breathing fresh air.” |
| 官员们承诺的措施包括将疫苗送进养老院，挨家挨户上门接种，使用移动接种点。政府迅速推出了一种新批准的吸入式疫苗，并接二连三地出现在电视报道、报纸文章以及各地发放的防疫指南中，标榜这种疫苗的使用“简单、方便”，“感觉像吸了一口新鲜的空气”。 |
| Officials have to overcome a deeply ingrained skepticism that they helped instill. |
| 官员们不得不克服他们帮助老年人形成的对疫苗根深蒂固的怀疑态度。 |
| In early 2021, when China introduced its domestic vaccine, regulators restricted use to people between the ages of 18 to 59, inadvertently fueling misinformation and hesitancy within one of the most vulnerable segments of the population. |
| 中国2021年初推出国产疫苗时，监管机构曾把疫苗的使用限制在18至59岁的人群，无意中在一个最易感人群中助长了对疫苗的错误信息和犹豫。 |
| “That led to a firestorm of people saying it’s not safe for the elderly,” said Siddharth Sridhar, a virologist at the University of Hong Kong. “They are quite keen to avoid that narrative right now.” |
| “这在人群中引发了一个爆炸性说法，认为疫苗对老年人不安全，”香港大学病毒学家薛达(Siddharth Sridhar)说。“他们现在非常想改变这种说法。” |
| Many families urged their older relatives to stay home, thinking the inoculations might complicate chronic health conditions. Temporary vaccination clinics were reluctant to give older people a shot, since the facilities didn’t have their health records on hand. Neighborhood health workers and family members alike asked whether it was worth risking potential side effects when cases were essentially nonexistent in many cities. |
| 许多家庭曾劝阻家里的老年人不去接种，认为接种疫苗可能会使他们的慢性病恶化。临时设立的疫苗接种点也不愿意给老年人打疫苗，因为这些诊所无法看到老年人的病历。社区卫生工作者和家庭成员都在问，在许多城市基本上不存在新冠病毒感染病例的情况下，冒着可能出现副作用的风险接种疫苗是否值得。 |
| Nicolas Tian, 24, urged his grandparents not to get vaccinated, citing concern over authorities restricting the doses to younger populations. |
| 现年24岁的尼古拉斯·田（音）曾劝阻爷爷奶奶不要接种疫苗，理由是当局将疫苗的使用限制在青年和成年人口是对疫苗有所担心。 |
| “In the beginning, people generally thought that people older than 60 years old were not suitable candidates for vaccination,” said Mr. Tian, who lives in the northeastern province of Shandong. He got vaccinated, but only because his government job required it. |
| “一开始，我们普遍认为六十岁以上不适合接种新冠疫苗，”家住山东省的田先生说。他接种了疫苗，但那是因为他在政府工作，必须接种。 |
| Many public-sector workers were among the first groups to get vaccinated at a time when doses were still limited. While his employer called it a perk, Mr. Tian wasn’t convinced. |
| 在疫苗供应仍有限的时候，许多在政府部门工作的人属于第一批接种群体。虽然他的工作单位称接种疫苗是福利，但田先生并不相信。 |
| “We all knew it was treating us like lab rats, or at least I personally took it that way,” he said. |
| “我们都知道这就是把我们当小白鼠，至少我自己是这么觉得的，”他说。 |
| When his workplace later recommended that each employee find five people to get inoculated, he felt authorities had changed the requirements in a rush to boost the vaccination rate. He strongly discouraged family members from getting the shot. |
| 后来他的工作单位建议每个员工找五名愿意接种疫苗的人时，他觉得当局是在匆忙改变要求，以提高疫苗接种率。他强烈劝阻家人不要打疫苗。 |
| “Although authorities said there was no harm in getting vaccinated, the popular thinking was that, ‘it is better not to have elderly people vaccinated.’” |
| “虽然政府说接种疫苗没有伤害，但大家口耳相传的都是‘最好别让老人家打疫苗。’” |
| Since approving Chinese vaccines, officials have provided little information other than to assure the public that they are safe. |
| 自从中国批准了国产疫苗以来，官员们除了向公众保证疫苗安全外，几乎没有提供过任何信息。 |
| Authorities have recently approved six domestic vaccines, four of them in the past week. Two of the vaccines do not require a needle and are instead administered through a nasal spray or inhaled through a nebulizer, technology considered the frontier for the future prevention of Covid. |
| 当局最近批准了六种国产疫苗，其中四种是在过去一周批准的。其中有两种不需要打针，而是通过鼻喷或雾化器吸入，这种技术被认为是未来预防新冠病毒疾病的前沿技术。 |
| Health experts and doctors quoted in state media have embraced the inhaled vaccines, saying they are effective, safe and suitable for older populations, without providing detailed data. |
| 官方媒体援引健康专家和医生的话说，他们接受吸入式疫苗，称其安全有效、适合老年人使用，但没有提供详细数据。 |
| “The most obvious advantage of inhaled vaccine is that it reduces the fear of injection,” Zhang Xin, a medical worker, said in the state-run news outlet Xinhua of Convidecia Air, a Covid vaccine developed by CanSino Biologics that was approved in September. |
| “吸入式新冠疫苗，它的最明显的一个好处就是减轻了大家对于针剂疫苗的恐惧，”官媒新华社报道医务工作者张鑫对克威莎雾优的看法时说，克威莎雾优是由康希诺生物研发的新冠疫苗，于今年9月获批。 |
| Scientists hope that by inducing an immune response in the nasal cavities and the lungs, an inhaled vaccine could offer significant protection, particularly against transmission. In reality, little is known about the real-world effectiveness of the new inhaled vaccines, which are being studied around the world but have not been broadly put to the test. |
| 科学家们希望吸入式疫苗能通过在鼻腔和肺诱发免疫响应，提供相当程度的保护，尤其是针对感染的保护。实际上，人们对新型吸入式疫苗在现实世界中的效力知之甚少，虽然世界各地都在研究这种疫苗，但还没有对其进行广泛的临床试验。 |
| Early studies point to their potential power in fighting off severe illness. A nasal spray developed by Hong Kong University, together with Xiamen University and Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy, has proved in phase III trials to be 80 percent effective against Omicron as a booster following two doses of inactivated vaccines and 55 percent effective in unvaccinated people. |
| 早期的研究提到吸入式疫苗在防止重症上有潜在作用。对香港大学与厦门大学和北京万泰生物药业共同研发的鼻腔喷雾剂的三期临床试验表明，接种了两剂灭活疫苗后将鼻喷疫苗作为加强剂使用，对抵抗奥密克戎感染有80%的效力；未接种疫苗者使用鼻喷疫苗，对抵抗奥密克戎感染有55%的效力。 |
| Even without complete information, the prospect of a coming tsunami of cases has been enough to prompt action. |
| 即使没有完整的信息，即将到来的感染潮前景也足以促使人们采取行动。 |
| Mary Ma’s grandmother is nearly 90 years old and has already received two shots. Ms. Ma, who lives with her grandmother and mother in Wuhan, where the virus first emerged in 2019, has worried about the adverse effects on seniors. She is also worried about inadvertently exposing her grandmother to Covid by taking her to get vaccinated, because she said the designated hospitals for vaccinations are the same as those that treat Covid patients. |
| 玛丽·马（音）年近90岁的外婆已打过两针疫苗。马女士与外婆和母亲一起住在武汉，新冠病毒最早是2019年在那里出现的。马女士一直担心疫苗对老年人的副作用，也担心带外婆去接种疫苗会无意中让她接触到新冠病毒，因为接种疫苗的定点医院也收治感染者，马女士说。 |
| But Ms. Ma, 24, said she recognizes that being up-to-date on vaccinations is more important than ever now that pandemic restrictions have been lifted. |
| 但现年24岁的马女士说，她认识到，现在及时接种疫苗比以往任何时候都更加重要，因为政府解除了遏制大流行的限制措施。 |
| “Even though my grandmother stays at home most of the time, I am still worried about the risk that our young family members may bring the virus back home,” Ms. Ma said. |
| “虽然我外婆每天呆在家里，就怕万一我们年轻人出门把病毒带回来了，”马女士说。 |
| “I think she should get vaccinated,” she said. |
| “所以觉得还是应该打一下，”马女士说。 |
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