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| The global auto industry remains heavily exposed to the Xinjiang region of China for raw materials, components and other supplies, a new report has found, despite a recent U.S. law intended to restrict purchases from the area, where the Chinese government has committed human rights abuses against mostly Muslim minorities. |
| 尽管美国最近出台了一项旨在限制从新疆采购的法律，一份新的报告发现，在原材料、零部件和其他供应方面，全球汽车行业仍然严重依赖这个地区——中国政府对这里以穆斯林为主的少数民族采取了侵犯人权的行动。 |
| The report, from a team of researchers led by Laura T. Murphy, a professor of human rights and contemporary slavery at Britain’s Sheffield Hallam University, details the links between Chinese companies with deep ties to Xinjiang and the automakers that use their supplies, such as metals, batteries, wiring and wheels. |
| 这份报告由英国谢菲尔德哈勒姆大学人权和当代奴隶制问题教授劳拉·墨菲领导的研究团队撰写。报告详细描述了与新疆关系密切的中国企业与使用其金属、电池、电线和车轮等原材料的汽车制造商之间的联系。 |
| The report identifies major Chinese companies that the researchers determined have participated in coercive labor programs in Xinjiang, or have recently sourced their materials and products from the region, where China has engaged in mass internment of Uyghurs and other minorities. Those Chinese firms are major participants in the global supply chain for auto parts, the report says, raising the likelihood that automakers like Volkswagen, Honda, Ford Motor, General Motors, Mercedes-Benz Group, Toyota and Tesla have sold cars containing raw materials or components that have at some point touched Xinjiang. |
| 报告指出，研究人员认定的一些大型中国公司参与了新疆的强制劳动项目，或者最近从该地区采购材料和产品。中国在该地区对维吾尔人和其他少数民族实施了大规模拘禁。报告说，这些中国公司是全球汽车零部件供应链的主要参与者，这增加了大众、本田、福特汽车、通用汽车、梅赛德斯-奔驰集团、丰田和特斯拉等汽车制造商销售的汽车中含有的原材料或零部件在某种程度上曾接触过新疆地区的可能性。 |
| “There was no part of the car we researched that was untainted by Uyghur forced labor,” Dr. Murphy said. “It’s an industrywide problem.” |
| “我们研究的汽车没有一个部件没有受到维吾尔强迫劳动的污染，”墨菲说。“这是一个全行业的问题。” |
| Such links could pose serious problems for the international auto brands. The Biden administration, like the Trump administration before it, has taken an increasingly aggressive posture toward Chinese trade violations and imports of goods made with forced labor, which the United Nations estimates affects 28 million people worldwide. |
| 这种联系可能会给国际汽车品牌带来严重问题。拜登政府和之前的特朗普政府一样，对中国的贸易违规行为和强迫劳动制造的进口商品采取了越来越强硬的姿态，联合国估计，全世界有2800万人受到强迫劳动影响。 |
| Under the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, products made wholly or partly in Xinjiang are now assumed to have been produced with forced labor, making them vulnerable to seizure by the federal government if they are brought into the United States. Customs officials say that since the law went into effect in June, they have stopped roughly 2,200 shipments — valued at more than $728 million — that were suspected of having Xinjiang content. More than 300 of those products were ultimately released into the United States. |
| 根据《维吾尔强迫劳动预防法案》，全部或部分在新疆生产的产品现在被认为是使用强迫劳动生产的，如果这些产品被带进美国，很容易被联邦政府没收。海关官员表示，自该法律于6月生效以来，他们已经拦截了大约2200批涉嫌与新疆有关的货物，价值超过7.28亿美元。其中超过300种产品最终被放行进入美国。 |
| Federal officials did not disclose what kinds of products have been seized. But the new rules have been particularly disruptive for companies making clothing and solar panels, which source raw materials like cotton and polysilicon from Xinjiang. |
| 联邦官员没有透露被拦截产品的种类。但新规定对服装和太阳能电池板生产企业的影响尤其严重，这些企业从新疆采购棉花和多晶硅等原材料。 |
| The New York Times has not independently verified the entire contents of the new report, which names roughly 200 companies, both Chinese and international, with potential direct or indirect links to Xinjiang. Many of the Chinese industrial giants named in the report have multiple production sites, meaning they could be supplying international automakers with metal, electronics or wheels made from their factories outside Xinjiang. |
| 《纽约时报》尚未独立核实这份新报告的全部内容。报告列出了大约200家与新疆可能有直接或间接联系的中外公司。报告中提到的许多中国工业巨头都有多个生产基地，这意味着它们可能向国际汽车制造商供应新疆以外工厂生产的金属、电子产品或车轮。 |
| The global supply chain for auto parts is vast and complex. According to estimates by McKinsey and Company, the average automotive manufacturer may have links to as many as 18,000 suppliers in its full supply chain, from raw materials to components. |
| 全球汽车零部件供应链庞大而复杂。根据麦肯锡的估计，在从原材料到零部件的完整供应链中，平均每家汽车制造商可能与多达1.8万家供应商有联系。 |
| Many of those suppliers run through China, which has become increasingly vital to the global auto industry and the United States, the destination for about a quarter of the auto parts that China exports annually. Xinjiang is home to a variety of industries, but its ample coal reserves and lax environmental regulations have made it a prominent location for energy-intensive materials processing, like smelting metal, the report says. |
| 这些供应商中有很多都是通过中国供货的。中国对全球汽车工业和美国越来越重要。中国每年出口的汽车零部件中，约有四分之一销往美国。报告称，新疆是多种工业的基地，但丰富的煤炭储量和宽松的环保法规使其成为冶炼金属等能源密集型材料加工的重要地点。 |
| Chinese supply chains are complicated and opaque, which can make it difficult to trace certain individual products from Xinjiang to the United States. Over the past three years, Xinjiang and other parts of China have been intermittently locked down to keep the coronavirus at bay. Even before the pandemic, the Chinese government tightly controlled access to Xinjiang, especially for human rights groups and media outlets. |
| 中国的供应链复杂而不透明，因此很难从新疆追踪到美国的某些产品。在过去三年里，新疆和中国其他地区断断续续地封锁，以阻止新冠病毒。甚至在疫情暴发前，中国政府对进入新疆有严格的控制，特别是针对人权组织和媒体。 |
| Determining the extent of coercion that any individual Uyghur worker may face in Xinjiang’s mines or factories is also difficult given the region’s restrictions. But the overarching environment of repression in Xinjiang has prompted the U.S. government to presume that any products that have touched the region in their production are made with forced labor unless companies can prove otherwise. |
| 考虑到该地区的限制，要确定任何维吾尔工人在新疆矿山或工厂可能面临的胁迫程度也很困难。但新疆的总体压制环境促使美国政府认定，在生产过程中涉及该地区的任何产品都是强迫劳动制造的，除非企业能证明情况并非如此。 |
| Workers in the region “don’t have a chance to say no,” said Yalkun Uluyol, a Xinjiang native and one of the report’s authors. Goods coming from Xinjiang “are a product of the exploitation of the land, of the resources and of the people,” he said. |
| 在该地区的工人“不能选择拒绝”，土生土长的新疆人、报告作者之一亚力坤·乌鲁尧乐说。来自新疆的货品“是剥削土地、资源和人民的产物”。 |
| International automakers contacted by The Times did not contradict the report but said they were committed to policing their supply chains against human rights abuses and forced labor. |
| 时报联系的国际汽车制造商没有对该报告做出反驳，但它们表示一直在坚持对供应链进行反人权侵犯和强迫劳动整顿。 |
| G.M., Volkswagen and Mercedes said their supplier codes of conduct prohibited forced labor. Honda said its suppliers were required to follow global sustainability guidelines. Ford said it maintained processes to ensure that its global operations, including in China, complied with all relevant laws and regulations. |
| 通用、大众和梅赛德斯公司表示，它们的供应商行为准则禁止强迫劳动。本田称其供应商需要遵循全球可持续性原则。福特称其会通过程序确保全球运营遵守一切相关法律、法规，包括在中国。 |
| Toyota, in a statement, said, “We expect our business partners and suppliers to follow our lead to respect and not infringe upon human rights.” |
| 丰田的一份声明说，“我们要求我们的商业伙伴和供应商随我们一道，对人权予以尊重而非侵犯。” |
| Tesla did not respond to repeated requests for comment. |
| 特斯拉没有回应置评请求。 |
| The Chinese government has insisted that there are no human rights violations in Xinjiang, and has called accusations of forced labor in Xinjiang “the lie of the century.” |
| 中国政府坚称新疆不存在侵犯人权的问题，并称有关强迫劳动的指控是“世纪谎言”。 |
| “‘Forced labor’ in Xinjiang is a lie deliberately made up and spread by the U.S. to shut China out of the global supply and industrial chains,” Liu Pengyu, the spokesman at the Chinese Embassy in Washington, said in a statement. |
| “新疆的‘强迫劳动’是美国刻意编造和散布的谎言，意在将中国逐出全球供应和产业链，”中国驻华盛顿大使馆发言人刘鹏宇在一份声明中说。 |
| Some of the Chinese companies named in the report are enormous industry suppliers that have proudly advertised their role in carrying out the Chinese government’s policies toward Uyghurs in social media postings, or in glossy annual reports. |
| 报告提及的一些中国公司是大型产业供应商，一直在社交媒体帖子或浮夸的年度报告中自豪地宣传自己贯彻执行了中国政府的新疆政策。 |
| They include China Baowu Steel Group, the world’s largest steel maker, which has a subsidiary in Xinjiang that accounts for at least 9 percent of its total steel production, according to the report. Baowu and its subsidiaries make springs for car suspension systems, axles and body panels, as well as various kinds of steel that feed the supply chains of most international carmakers. |
| 这其中包括世界最大钢铁企业中国宝武钢铁集团，据报告，其新疆子公司在钢铁总产量中占据的份额至少在9%。宝武集团及其子公司生产汽车悬挂系统的弹簧、车轴和车身面板，以及大多数国际车厂供应链所需的其它多种钢材。 |
| In its 2020 corporate social responsibility report, which pledges adherence to China’s leader and the Communist Party, Baowu Group said that its subsidiary had “fully implemented the party’s ethnic policy” and that 364 laborers from poor families from villages in southern Xinjiang had “been arranged with employment.” Human rights advocates say the terms are euphemisms for organized mass transfers of Uyghur laborers into factories. |
| 在2020年的集团社会责任报告中，宝武集团表达了对中国领导人和共产党的忠诚，并称其子公司“全面贯彻落实党的民族政策”，对来自新疆南部农村贫困家庭的364名劳动力进行了“就业安置”。人权倡导人士称，这个词是将大量维吾尔劳动力有组织地转移至工厂的委婉说法。 |
| It also documents ties to Xinjiang and transfers of Uyghur workers for dozens of other significant auto industry suppliers, such as Double Coin, a tire maker that sells widely in the United States, including online at Walmart and Amazon. |
| 报告还记录了其它十多家重要的汽车产业供应商与新疆的关联，以及对维吾尔工人的转移，例如在美国许多地方——包括沃尔玛和亚马逊等在线平台——有售的双钱轮胎。 |
| And it documents a recent investment by CATL — a Chinese firm that produces roughly a third of the world’s electric vehicle batteries and supplies Tesla, Ford, G.M., Volkswagen and other brands — in a major new lithium processing company in Xinjiang. |
| 此外报告记录了宁德时代近期对新疆一家新成立的大型锂业公司的投资——全球电动汽车用电池约有三分之一是宁德时代生产的，是特斯拉、福特、通用、大众等等品牌的供应商。 |
| Zhang Yizhi, a spokesman for CATL, said the company was a minority shareholder in the Xinjiang company and was not involved in its operations or management. CATL is committed to building a responsible supply chain and strictly opposes and prohibits any form of forced labor in its suppliers, he said. |
| 宁德时代发言人张易之（音）称公司是这家新疆公司的少数股东，并不参与它的运营或管理。他说宁德时代致力于打造负责任的供应链，坚决反对和禁止其供应商有任何形式的强迫劳动。 |
| Baowu Group, Double Coin and its parent, Shanghai Huayi Group, did not respond to repeated requests for comment. Amazon declined to comment about its sale of Double Coin tires, while Walmart did not respond. |
| 宝武集团、双钱轮胎及其母公司上海华谊集团没有回应多次发出的置评请求。亚马逊拒绝就其销售双钱轮胎事宜置评，沃尔玛没有回应。 |
| The research suggests that the United States still has far to go in stopping the flow of goods linked to Xinjiang. Customs officials say they are working to enforce a ban on such products, but they are still hiring aggressively and working to build out the department’s capacity to identify and stop these goods. |
| 该研究表明，在切断与新疆有关的商品流动方面，美国还有许多工作要做。海关官员说他们在设法对这类产品实施禁令，但他们仍在积极征召人力，努力扩充该部门识别和阻止此类商品的能力。 |
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