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| The Chinese government on Wednesday unveiled a broad easing of its strict “zero Covid” policy, after an extraordinary outburst of discontent in mass street protests a week ago. |
| 在一周前的大规模街头抗议爆发出异常强烈的不满情绪之后，中国政府周三宣布全面放松严格的“新冠清零”政策。 |
| The changes do not dismantle the policy, but they represent a loosening of measures that have dragged down the economy by disrupting daily life for hundreds of millions of people, forcing many small businesses to close and sending youth unemployment to a record high. |
| 这些变化并不等于政策的废除，但意味着防疫措施的放松，这些措施拖累了经济，扰乱了数亿人的日常生活，导致许多小企业倒闭，并将青年失业率推至创纪录的高位。 |
| Here are the highlights from the announcement. |
| 以下是政府公告的要点。 |
| Testing |
| 检测 |
| The new rules move China away from the use of P.C.R. tests and digital passes used to indicate possible exposure to the virus. Mass testing will no longer be conducted in areas that are not considered “high risk,” a designation for regions that have positive cases. The high-risk category is now limited to buildings, units, floors or households, rather than encompassing neighborhoods. |
| 新规要求中国不再靠核酸检测和数字通行证来验证是否暴露于病毒。非“高风险”地区——也就是出现多例阳性病例的地区——不再进行大规模检测。高风险的划定只能限于楼栋、单元、楼层和住户，不得扩大到社区。 |
| P.C.R. tests and health codes will no longer be checked for travel between regions in China. |
| 国内跨区域流动不再查验核酸检测阴性证明和健康码。 |
| Hospitalization and Quarantine |
| 收治与隔离 |
| In a departure from the unpopular rule that forced many infected people to stay in makeshift isolation facilities and hospitals, those who are infected with mild symptoms are now free to isolate at home. Close contacts are also allowed to quarantine at home, and will be released with a negative test on the fifth day. |
| 与此前迫使许多感染者留在方舱和医院的不得人心的规定不同，轻症现在可以居家隔离。密切接触者也可以居家隔离，到第五天核酸检测阴性后解除隔离。 |
| The authorities had adjusted some of these rules in early November, when they lifted stay-at-home orders for contacts of close contacts, which left tens of millions of people confined to their homes. |
| 当局在11月初曾对部分规定进行了调整，当时取消了让次密接居家隔离的命令，这一规定曾导致无数人被困家中。 |
| Lockdowns |
| 封锁 |
| The measures circumscribe the power of local officials to impose lockdowns and ensure they are lifted quickly. Local authorities may still lock down buildings in the event that a positive case is detected, but they cannot restrict movement and suspend business operations in regions outside a specified “high risk” designation. For “high-risk” areas, the guidelines mandate lockdowns to be lifted if no new positive cases are detected for five consecutive days. |
| 新措施限制了地方官员实施封锁的权力，并要求及时解封。地方当局仍可以在发现阳性病例后封锁楼栋，但不得限制高风险地区以外的人员流动和商业经营。该指导方针规定，连续五天没有新增感染者的高风险区必须解封。 |
| In locked down areas, the authorities are strictly prevented from blocking fire escapes and public exits, a possible concession to recent protesters. Blocked exits were widely discussed as a principal cause of excess deaths during a building fire in the western region of Xinjiang, a disaster that laid the groundwork for mass unrest in over two dozens cities last week. |
| 对于封锁的区域，当局严禁封堵消防通道和公共出口，这可能是对最近抗议者的让步。很多人认为，出口遭到封锁是新疆一起公寓火灾死亡人数过多的主要原因，这场灾难是上周二十多座城市出现大规模骚乱的导火索。 |
| Vaccinations |
| 疫苗接种 |
| The government reiterated its pledge to do more to increase the vaccination rate of older people. But the new rules left unanswered questions about how officials will try to contain the inevitable wave of infections. The Communist Party has accelerated its vaccination campaign in recent days by approving several new Chinese-made vaccines and publishing interviews with experts who try to allay fears of the health risks from getting a shot. |
| 政府重申其承诺，要加快推进老年人的疫苗接种。但这些新规留下了一些悬而未决的问题，即官员将如何遏制不可避免的感染浪潮。最近几天，中国加快了疫苗接种工作，批准了几款中国制造的新疫苗，并公布了对专家的采访，试图缓解民众对接种疫苗会引发健康风险的担忧。 |
| But those defenses may not come in time. Even if China moves swiftly to boost its vulnerable populations, like older adults, it needs a few months for the protection to kick in, said Siddharth Sridhar, a virologist at the University of Hong Kong. China’s domestic vaccines also are typically weaker than shots based on the newer mRNA technology, and experts generally agree that a third shot is necessary to prevent severe illness. |
| 但这些防护措施可能为时已晚。香港大学病毒学家薛达(Siddharth Sridhar)表示，即使中国迅速为老年人等易感群体的免疫，保护屏障可能也需要几个月时间才能发挥作用。国产疫苗效率通常也要弱于基于更新的mRNA技术的疫苗，专家们普遍认为，预防重症必须要打第三针。 |
| In the meantime, nonmedical interventions, including social distancing, quarantine and home isolation, are not enough to prevent large scale outbreaks, he said. |
| 他说除此之外，保持社交距离、隔离和居家等非医疗干预措施不足以防止大规模的疫情暴发。 |
| “It’s fine to have a major outbreak at some point, if you’re well prepared,” Dr. Sridhar said. |
| “如果做好了充足准备，在某个时候让疫情大规模暴发是没问题的，”薛达博士说。 |
| For China, this would mean booster shots for the elderly, enough Covid pills like Paxlovid stockpiled in hospitals around the country to help deal with severe Covid cases and enough hospital beds with ventilators. |
| 在中国，这意味着要为老年人接种加强针，让全国各地的医院储备充足的新冠药品（如奈玛特韦/利托那韦组合）以救治新冠重症，还要有足够配备了呼吸机的床位。 |
| “If they are considering a pivot, they need to bolster their defenses because a storm is coming,” Dr. Sridhar said. |
| “如果他们在考虑政策转向，就得加强防御，因为风暴即将来临，”薛达博士说。 |
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