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| SEOUL — It was supposed to be a festive evening, throngs of raucous youngsters dressed as zombies, princesses and super heroes converging on one of Seoul’s most popular nightlife districts for their first restriction-free Halloween celebration since the pandemic began. |
| 首尔——这本该是一个欢乐的夜晚，大群爱热闹的年轻人聚集在首尔最受欢迎的夜生活区之一，打扮成僵尸、公主和超级英雄，参加自新冠大流行开始以来首次不受限制的万圣节庆祝活动。 |
| Late Saturday evening, they crowded into bars and nightclubs pumping out the latest K-pop hits and spilled out into the tight alleys that wind through the city’s Itaewon neighborhood. They snacked on the Greek, Turkish, Italian and other international foods for which the diverse district is known. |
| 周六晚，他们涌向大声播放韩国最新流行歌曲的酒吧和夜总会，挤进首尔梨泰院弯弯曲曲的狭窄小巷，在这个以多元化著称的地方品尝希腊、土耳其、意大利和世界其他地方的美食。 |
| As the night grew more frenetic and the mass of revelers swelled, many of them crammed into an alleyway barely 11 feet wide, in a bottleneck of human traffic that made it difficult to breathe and move. There were few police officers around, and from within the crowd came calls to “push, push” and a big shove, according to witnesses. Then, they began to fall, a tangle of too many bodies, compressed into too small of a space. |
| 随着夜晚的活动变得越来越疯狂，狂欢者的人数越来越多，许多人挤在一条三米多宽的小巷里，形成一个人流瓶颈，里面的人呼吸困难、动弹不得。据目击者说，当时周围几乎没有警察，人群中传来了“推，推”的喊声，接着就是很大的推搡。然后，人们开始倒下，太多身体一个接一个地被压缩在太小的空间里。 |
| Zen Ogren, 32, found herself stuck in a packed and sweltering club alongside the narrow alleyway, a thoroughfare connecting a strip of bars to a busy subway station and a popular spot for taking photographs. Outside the club’s door, people were yelling, “Please don’t come out, people are dying,” she said. Security guards urged the crowds to not jostle, but many pushed forward, stepping on top of those who had fallen. |
| 32岁的泽恩·奥格伦发现自己被困在狭窄小巷边一个拥挤闷热的酒吧里。小巷连接着一片酒吧和一个繁忙的地铁站，也是一个热门的拍照地点。她说，酒吧门外有人大喊，“请不要去外面，外面死人了。”安保人员呼吁人群不要推搡，但许多人继续向前推，踩在倒下者的身上。 |
| “They just wanted to go out,” Ms. Ogren said. |
| “他们只想出去，”奥格伦说。 |
| In the end, more than 150 people, most of them in their 20s and 30s, died, crushed under the surge of the crowd. |
| 结果是，150多人在汹涌的人群中被踩踏致死，死者大部分是二三十岁的人。 |
| The tragedy — one of South Korea’s worst peacetime disasters — and questions about the authorities’ responsibility to manage the crowd, has marred the image of South Korea, a thriving technology and pop-culture powerhouse that is chronically prone to man-made disasters. It has also added to political woes of the country’s beleaguered president, Yoon Suk Yeol, already suffering low approval ratings with a growing number of people out on the street demanding his resignation. |
| 这是韩国和平时期发生的最严重灾难之一，这场悲剧以及当局在人群管理上的责任问题损害了韩国的形象，虽然韩国有繁荣的技术行业，有大量的流行文化输出，但也经常发生人为灾难。这场灾难也加剧了尹锡悦总统的政治困境，他的支持率已经很低，越来越多的人正在走上街头要求他辞职。 |
| As the sun set on Itaewon on Sunday evening, a mournful and subdued atmosphere suffused the neighborhood. The police closed the streets to traffic in the area, where shuttered bars and restaurants put up signs of condolences. On the sidewalks, impromptu memorials of flowers and liquor formed makeshift shrines to the victims. |
| 周日晚，太阳落山后的梨泰院街道上充满悲痛压抑的气氛。警方禁止车辆进入，关闭的酒吧和餐馆贴出哀悼的标示。人行道上，人们用鲜花和酒水搭起纪念逝者的临时祭坛。 |
| Bereaved families searched hospital morgues looking for their children, while the Seoul government received thousands of calls about missing persons. Choi Seon-mi waited hours at a local community center for word of her daughter, Park Ga-young, who had made a trip to Seoul. |
| 痛失亲人的家庭在医院停尸房里寻找他们的子女，首尔政府已接到几千个寻找失踪人员的电话。崔贤美（音）为得到女儿朴佳英（音）的消息，在当地一个社区中心等了几个小时。她女儿那天去了首尔。 |
| She fell off her chair when she was told of her daughter’s death, left to tell the news to her extended family in the waiting room. |
| 被告知女儿的死讯时，她从椅子上摔倒了，然后走进等候室，把这个消息告诉大家庭的其他成员。 |
| “It felt like the sky was falling,” she said. “What to do about my child? What to do about my child?” |
| “感觉像是天塌下来了，”她说。“我孩子怎么办？我孩子怎么办？” |
| Ms. Choi’s last conversation with her daughter, she said, was about Ms. Park’s preparations to study fashion in Canada. She had been working part time to pay for it. |
| 崔贤美说，她和女儿最后一次通话是关于女儿准备去加拿大学习时装设计的事情。为了筹集留学所需的学费，女儿一直在课外打工。 |
| Ms. Park was to turn 20 on Tuesday. |
| 朴佳英本该在这个周二满20岁。 |
| In briefing after briefing on Sunday, officials, including the president and the Seoul mayor, Oh Se-hoon, vowed to do everything they could to make South Korea safer. But they offered little explanation for the lack of crowd control, what went wrong in the Itaewon alley and why the country has had recurring disasters. |
| 在周日一次又一次的官方情况发布会上，包括尹锡悦总统和首尔市长吴世勋在内的官员们发誓，他们将尽一切努力让韩国变得更安全。但对周六晚为什么没有人群控制措施、梨泰院的巷子里出了什么问题，以及为什么韩国灾难不断，他们几乎没给出任何解释。 |
| In 2014, 16 people at an outdoor concert were killed when the ventilation grate they were standing on caved in. That same year, a ferry sank, killing more than 300 people, most of them high school students on a school trip. |
| 2014年的一场户外音乐会上曾发生16人死亡的事故，是这些人脚下的通风栅垮塌造成的。同年还发生了一艘渡轮沉没事故，造成300多人死亡，其中大多数是参加学校组织的旅行的高中生。 |
| “Our society has advanced greatly in accumulating wealth and building the economy, but we are far behind in respecting human lives,” said Choi Chang-woo, the leader of the Citizens’ Alliance for a Safe Society, a civic group. |
| “我们的社会在积累财富和建设经济方面取得了很大进步，但在尊重人的生命方面还远远落后，”崔昌宇（音）说，他是民间团体“安全社会公民联盟”的领导人。 |
| In the past five years working at a kebab shop in Itaewon, Ulas Cetinkaya, 36, from Turkey, had never seen crowds like the one on Saturday night. He figured there would be a lot of people because it was one of the first celebrations since Covid restrictions were lifted, but he was surprised at the minimal police presence. |
| 36岁的土耳其人乌拉斯·塞廷卡亚已在梨泰院的一家烤肉店工作了五年，他从未看到过像周六晚上那么多的人。他估计会有很多人，因为那是取消新冠限制后的第一次庆祝活动，但他对只有很少的警察在场感到惊讶。 |
| “I don’t know how the police weren’t expecting it,” he said. “I blame the authorities for this.” |
| “我不知道警察怎么没预料到会有这么多人，”他说。“我把事故原因归咎于当局。” |
| In South Korea, the police are usually so good at crowd control that the country’s protest rallies often look like choreographed events. Tens of thousands of people march down roads chanting protest slogans and even picking up trash behind themselves. Police officers clad in bright yellow-green jackets walk alongside, guiding the protesters and carefully diverting traffic. |
| 韩国警察往往非常善于控制人群，以至于该国的抗议集会看起来常常像是精心策划的活动。成千上万人走在大街上，高呼抗议口号，就连垃圾也会被拾起来。身穿鲜黄绿色夹克的警察走在游戏队伍旁边，引导抗议者，小心地疏导交通。 |
| While Halloween is not traditionally celebrated in South Korea, it has become increasingly popular over the past decade, as Seoul has grown more cosmopolitan. Before the pandemic, dense crowds of costumed revelers packed the streets of Itaewon, a neighborhood closely associated with the city’s foreigners and American culture because of its proximity to an old U.S. military base. |
| 虽然万圣节不是韩国的传统节日，但在过去十年里，随着首尔变得越来越国际化，过万圣节的人越来越多。新冠疫情暴发前，梨泰院的街道上曾挤满了盛装狂欢的人群。因为距离一个旧的美国军事基地不远，梨泰院与首尔的外国人和美国文化有密切关系。 |
| Still, officials in Seoul said they were caught off guard by the unorganized and spontaneous crowds on Saturday night. Unlike political and labor rallies, which by law must be reported to the authorities in advance, the young people who descend on Itaewon every Halloween gather freely in large numbers, without the restrictions or permits required when hosting large, organized events. |
| 但首尔的官员说，周六晚上无人组织的自发人群给他们来了个措手不及。与按照法律必须事先通知当局的政治集会和劳工集会不同，每年来梨泰院过万圣节的年轻人自由地聚在这里，不受举办大型有组织活动时需要的限制，也无需相关许可。 |
| On Sunday, the home minister, Lee Sang-min, admitted that the police were underprepared, partly because their forces had been diverted earlier on Saturday to nearby districts where anti-government protests were being held. |
| 周日，韩国内政部长李相民承认了警方准备不足，部分原因是大批警力在周六早些时候被调去附近举行反政府抗议集会的地方。 |
| “The crowd this year was not worrisomely bigger, compared with past years,” Mr. Lee told reporters. “But our police forces were scattered to various protests across the city.” |
| “与过去几年相比，今年的万圣节人群规模并不令人担心，”李相民对记者说。“但我们的警力被分散到市里其他的抗议活动地点去了。” |
| The situation, a large crowd without a large police presence, proved deadly. |
| 结果出现了有大批人群，但没有大量警察在场的致命情况。 |
| Seon Yeo-jeong, a popular South Korean YouTuber who recounted her experience on her Instagram page, remembered hearing people yell, “Hey, push! We’re stronger! I’ll win!” From there, she said, “Things suddenly went from order to chaos.” |
| 韩国的Youtube网红善汝贞（音）在她的Instagram页面上讲述了自己的经历，她记得听到人们大喊，“嘿，推！我们更强！我会赢！”她说，从那时起，“事情突然从有序变成了混乱。” |
| Seo Kun, 27, a student from China, was in the crush of the crowd near the front. Around her, she said, people shouted, “I’m dying.” The woman next to her went silent and stopped breathing. |
| 27岁的中国留学生徐坤（音）当时在拥挤的人群中靠近前面的地方。她说，她周围有人大喊“我快挤死了”。她旁边有个女子没有了声音，停止了呼吸。 |
| Ms. Seo planned to stay in South Korea after completing graduate school, but she has changed her mind. “I want to go home,” she said. “I want to stay with my parents.” |
| 徐坤原打算研究生毕业后留在韩国，但她改变了想法。“我想回家，”她说。“我想和父母在一起。” |
| The deadly crowd surge was first reported to the government’s emergency-response center at 10:15 p.m. The government’s nearest fire department and first-response center was only about 660 feet from the alley, but it was hard for officers to reach the victims. |
| 发生致命人流涌动的情况，最早于周六晚10点15分报告给政府的应急响应中心。最近的政府消防部门和应急响应中心距离出事的小巷只有约200米，但警察很难接近遇难者。 |
| Janelle Story, 35, an American English teacher who was out with two friends in Itaewon, saw “this sea of bodies come rushing toward us really fast” at 10:34 p.m. around a corner from the alleyway. “It seemed to happen so suddenly,” Ms. Story said. Someone cried out, “There’s a girl down there,” but most in the crowd did not appear to take it seriously, she said. |
| 在韩国教英文的35岁美国教师珍内尔·斯托里当时和两名朋友在梨泰院，晚上10点34分，她在小巷拐角处看到了“飞快向我们涌来的人山人海”。“情况似乎发生得太突然了，”斯托里说。她听到有人喊，“下面有个女孩”，但人群中的大多数人似乎没把那当回事。 |
| There was almost no crowd control, said Nuhyin Ahmed, 32, a tech worker from India who along with several friends tried to join Halloween revelers in the alley, a popular place for people to take photographs in their costumes to post on social media. Last year, though crowds were lighter, he said, several police officers were monitoring and controlling the entrance to the alley, and they shut it down around midnight. |
| 来自印度的32岁技术工作者努海因·艾哈迈德说，那里几乎没有人群控制，他和几名朋友曾试图进到那条小巷里，加入到万圣节狂欢者的队伍中去。人们喜欢在那条小巷里拍下自己的装扮照片，发到社交媒体。他说，虽然去年的人群小得多，但仍有几名警察在巷子口执勤，监控巷子里的人数，并在午夜前后不再允许人进入。 |
| “If those police had been there this year,” he said, “maybe no one would have died.” |
| “如果那些警察今年也在那里的话，也许不会有人死亡，”艾哈迈德说。 |
| When Lee Joo-young, a witness, got to Itaewon with her friends around 11 p.m., they saw ambulances and fire trucks arriving, but the clubs still “had their music blasting.” Ms. Lee said there were not enough police officers or firefighters. Partygoers started to help with crowd control, dragging the unconscious out of the alleyway. |
| 目击者李柱英（音）和朋友们晚上11点左右来到梨泰院时看到救护车和消防车正在赶来，但夜总会仍“大声播放着音乐”。李柱英说，没有足够的警察或消防员。来参加派对的人开始帮助控制人群，把失去知觉者拖出小巷。 |
| “The worst part was as people were giving CPR and dying, the clubs were still going, and they ran until 4 a.m.,” Mr. Ahmed said. |
| “最糟糕的是，就在有人给人进行心肺复苏，有人正在死去的时候，夜总会仍在继续，一直到凌晨4点，”艾哈迈德说。 |
| Soh Won, 18, a high school student, said he saw some partygoers still drinking and singing next to the bodies on the street. |
| 18岁的高中生苏元（音）说，他看到一些狂欢者站在街上的死尸旁边，仍在喝酒、唱歌。 |
| “I lost my faith in humanity,” he said. |
| “我对人性失去了信心，”他说。 |
| On Sunday, the blocked alleyways of Itaewon contained the detritus from the party and disaster of the night before: strewn paper, plastic bags, beer cans and water bottles. |
| 周日，被封的梨泰院小巷里到处都是头天晚上的狂欢和灾难留下的东西：散落的纸片、塑料袋、啤酒罐和水瓶子。 |
| As makeshift memorials filled the sidewalks, mourners cried openly. Ellen Olsson, a Swede who left flowers by the alley, said the tragedy had shaken many in the neighborhood. |
| 人行道上到处都是临时纪念站，哀悼者当众哭泣。瑞典人埃伦·奥尔森在巷子旁留下了一束花，她说这场悲剧让附近许多人震惊。 |
| “This place is filled with police and chaos, so it’s good to let people know we care,” she said. |
| “这个地方到处都是警察和混乱，应该让人们知道我们在乎这件事，”她说。 |
| Next to the alley, someone posted a handwritten message that read, “Condolences, please go to a better world and realize your unfulfilled dreams.” Beneath it were flowers and a bottle of soju, a popular Korean alcohol, with a stack of small paper cups. |
| 有人在小巷旁贴了一个手写纸条，上面写着：“向死者致哀：请到一个更好的世界去实现你们未竟的梦想吧。”纸条下是鲜花和一瓶烧酒，还有一叠小纸杯。 |
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