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| LOS ANGELES — As a 14-year-old girl, the daughter of immigrants in this city’s Chinatown, Anna May Wong talked her way into her first role in a movie. Over the decades-long career that followed, she rose to become the first Asian American film star in Hollywood. When Wong died in 1961, The New York Times called the actress, known for her large, expressive eyes and flapper-era styles, “one of the most unforgettable figures of Hollywood’s great days.” |
| 洛杉矶——黄柳霜是这个城市唐人街一个移民家庭的女儿，14岁的时候，她经过一番软磨硬泡得到了她的第一个电影角色。在随后数十年的漫长职业生涯中，她成为好莱坞第一位亚裔电影明星。1961年去世时，《纽约时报》称这位有一双灵动的大眼睛的飞来波女郎风格女演员是“好莱坞辉煌年代最令人难忘的人物之一”。 |
| Now Wong is gaining another coveted role — on the quarter. Part of a new effort that also put the writer Maya Angelou and the astronaut Sally Ride on currency, the U.S. Mint on Monday will begin producing coins pressed with Wong’s image, a close-up of her face resting on an elegant, manicured hand. |
| 现在，黄柳霜正在获得另一个令人垂涎的角色——出现在25美分硬币上。美国造币厂将于周一开始生产有黄柳霜形象的硬币，上面是她的面部特写，纤纤玉手托着她的脸庞，该设计属于一个钱币新版系列的一部分，其他新面孔还包括作家玛雅·安吉洛和宇航员萨莉·莱德。 |
| The new quarter honors not just Wong’s trailblazing career but also the difficulties she faced trying to secure meaningful roles as an Asian American actress in an era of “yellowface” and anti-miscegenation laws. “Decades before the civil rights-generated category of Asian American existed, Wong grappled with how to be an Asian American actress,” Shirley Jennifer Lim, a Stony Brook University history professor, wrote in her book about Wong’s career. |
| 登上新版硬币的荣誉不仅因为黄柳霜开创性的演艺生涯，还因为她作为亚裔美国女演员，在一个“白人扮演黄种人”盛行且有反通婚法律的年代，克服万难获得了有意义的角色。石溪大学历史学教授雪莉·詹妮弗·林在她关于黄柳霜的书中写道：“亚裔美国人这一类别因公民权利运动而产生，但那之前几十年，黄柳霜就一直在奋力面对身为一名亚裔美国女演员的困难。” |
| The U.S. Mint is expected to create more than 300 million Wong quarters, and she will become the first Asian American to be on U.S. currency. It’s an honor that feels particularly meaningful given how much Wong struggled to be seen as American, Lim told me. “When you get change,” she said, “she could actually be there in the palm of your hand.” |
| 美国造币厂预计将铸造超过3亿枚黄柳霜25美分硬币，她将成为首位印在美元上的亚裔美国人。林告诉我，考虑到黄柳霜在被视为美国人这件事上遇到了许多困难，这是一种特别有意义的荣誉。“当你接过零钱时，”她说，“她真的就在你的手掌上。” |
| Wong was born in 1905 in Chinatown, the daughter of a laundryman who ran a shop on Figueroa Street. Around that time, the movie industry was settling in Los Angeles, and productions were increasingly shot in Wong’s neighborhood. |
| 黄柳霜于1905年出生在唐人街，她的父母在菲格罗亚街开了一家洗衣店。大约在那个时候，电影业进驻洛杉矶，越来越多作品在黄柳霜家附近的街区拍摄。 |
| “I would play hookey from school to watch the crews at work, though I knew I would get a whipping from my teacher, and later from my father, for it,” Wong is quoted as saying in the book “Perpetually Cool: The Many Lives of Anna May Wong,” by Anthony Chan. “I would worm my way through the crowd and get as close to the cameras as I dared. I’d stare and stare at these glamorous individuals, directors, cameramen, assistants and actors in greasepaint, who had come down into our section of town to make movies.” |
| “我会逃学去看电影剧组工作，即使我知道会因此挨老师的打，然后挨父亲的打，”安瑟尼·陈在他的《永远潇洒：黄柳霜的多样生活》一书中引述了黄柳霜的话。“我会穿过人群，极力靠近摄影机。我会盯着这些魅力四射的人，导演、摄影师、助理和化了浓妆的演员，他们来到我们街区拍电影。” |
| Wong decided she wanted to act, and began playing background characters until her first leading role in “The Toll of the Sea” (1922) at age 17. But her career was stymied by the limited number of parts for Asian American actors and the stereotypes they often traded in. (Wong famously said that she had “died a thousand deaths” because she was killed in every film she acted in.) |
| 黄柳霜决心成为演员，并开始跑龙套，直到她17岁时在《海逝》(The Toll of the Sea, 1922)中首次担任主角。但亚裔演员的角色有限，再加上他们通常扮演符合刻板印象的角色，她的职业生涯受到了阻碍。（黄柳霜有句名言说她“死了一千次”，因为在她出演的每一部电影中，她的角色都死了。） |
| Wong was widely considered to be one of the most beautiful women in Hollywood, but often could not play romantic leads because of laws prohibiting actors of different races from kissing each other onscreen. She moved to Europe, where she enjoyed greater opportunities for nonwhite actors, starred in several films and even acted in a play opposite Laurence Olivier. |
| 黄柳霜被广泛认为是好莱坞最美丽的女性之一，但由于法律禁止不同种族的演员在银幕上互相亲吻，她经常无法扮演浪漫电影的主角。她搬到了欧洲，在那里非白人演员拥有更多机会，她出演了几部电影，甚至与劳伦斯·奥利维尔演对手戏。 |
| But she continued to bump up against unfair restrictions in Hollywood. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was casting “The Good Earth” in the 1930s, based on the Pearl S. Buck novel about Chinese farmers, Wong was considered a shoo-in for the film’s leading actress role. But a white actor was selected to star in the movie, who would have played Wong’s husband, and she was taken out of the running. (The actress who eventually got the role, Luise Rainer, won an Oscar for her performance.) |
| 但她继续反对好莱坞的不公平限制。当米高梅在1930年代将赛珍珠关于中国农民的小说《大地》改编成电影时，黄柳霜被认为是该片女主角的最佳人选。但影片选择了一位白人演员出演男主角，也就是饰演她的丈夫，她被淘汰出局。（最终获得该角色的女演员路易斯·雷纳凭借她的表演获得了奥斯卡奖。） |
| “Anna May Wong was basically ‘hashtag representation matters’ decades before Twitter was even invented,” said Paula Yoo, a screenwriter in Los Angeles who wrote a children’s book about Wong’s life. “That’s why this quarter is important — because she’s minted, she’s part of Americana, she’s part of American history.” |
| “在Twitter发明之前几十年，黄柳霜基本上就是一个‘代表权很重要’类标签了，”洛杉矶的编剧保拉·尤说，她写了一本关于黄柳霜生平的儿童读物。“这就是为什么这次硬币发行很重要——因为她被铸造了，她是美国的一部分，她是美国历史的一部分。” |
| The Wong quarter will be the fifth released this year as part of the American Women Quarters Program, which calls for five new coins each year from 2022 through 2025. Representative Barbara Lee, the California Democrat who sponsored a bill promoting the coins’ creation, said in a statement that she was proud to have led an effort honoring the “phenomenal” women who are often overlooked in American history. |
| 黄柳霜硬币是美国女性硬币计划的一部分，将成为今年发布的第五枚硬币，该计划要求从2022年到2025年每年发行五枚新硬币。加州民主党众议员芭芭拉·李提出了一项促进硬币设计的法案，她在一份声明中说，她很自豪能够领导一项纪念美国历史上经常被忽视的“非凡”女性的行动。 |
| Along the Hollywood Walk of Fame on a recent morning, tourists tilted their heads to read the names emblazoned on the sidewalk. At the busy intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street was a star highlighting in gold “Anna May Wong,” an honor the actress was awarded in 1960, one year before her death. |
| 最近的一个早晨，好莱坞星光大道上的游客们歪着头阅读地上的名字。在繁忙的好莱坞大道和藤街路口，有一颗刻着金色“黄柳霜”字样的星星，她在1960年获得这项荣誉，于翌年去世。 |
| Next to Wong’s star was one for the actress Lucy Liu, who in 2019 became the second Asian American woman to receive a star on the Walk of Fame. In her speech, Liu thanked Wong for charting a path for her and other actors. |
| 女演员刘玉玲的星星在黄柳霜的旁边，她在2019年成为第二位入驻星光大道的亚裔美国女性。刘玉玲在演讲中感谢黄柳霜为她和其他演员开辟了道路。 |
| “We could actually start our own little Chinatown right here,” she joked, pointing to their neighboring stars. |
| 她指着他们两人相邻的星星，开玩笑说：“我们其实可以在这里建立我们自己的小唐人街了。” |
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