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| MOSCOW — Friday afternoons at the Chop-Chop Barbershop in central Moscow used to be busy, but at the beginning of a recent weekend, only one of the four chairs was occupied. | 莫斯科——位于莫斯科市中心的快手发廊(Chop-Chop Barbershop)到了周五下午通常会很忙碌，但最近的一个周末，一开始四张椅子只有一张有人。 |
| “We would usually be full right now, but about half of our customers have gone,” said the manager, a woman named Olya. Many of the clients — along with half of the barbers, too — have fled Russia to avoid President Vladimir V. Putin’s campaign to mobilize hundreds of thousands of men for the flagging military campaign in Ukraine. | “通常这时候已经客满，但是我们失去了大概有一半的顾客，”名叫奥利娅的经理说。其中许多顾客——还有一半的理发师——已经逃到国外，以免被弗拉基米尔·V·普京总统的动员令征召，和数十万人一同被送上俄方处境堪忧的乌克兰战场。 |
| Many men have been staying off the streets out of fear of being handed a draft notice. As Olya came to work last Friday, she said, she witnessed the authorities at each of the four exits of the metro station, checking documents. | 很多男人不敢上街，生怕有人递来一纸征兵通知。奥利娅说，上周五来上班时，她亲眼看见地铁站四个出口都有当局的人在查证件。 |
| Her boyfriend, who was a barber at the salon, has also fled, and the separation is taking a toll. | 她男朋友本来也是发廊的理发师，现在已经跑了，分隔两地的生活十分痛苦。 |
| “Every day is hard,” acknowledged Olya, who like other women interviewed did not want her last name used, fearing retribution. “It is hard for me to know what to do. We always planned as a couple.” | “每天都很艰难，”奥利娅承认，和接受采访的其他女性一样，由于担心遭到报复，她要求不在文中使用姓氏。“我实在不知道该怎么办。我们一向什么都是两个人一起计划的。” |
| She is hardly alone. While there are still plenty of men in a city of 12 million people, across the capital their presence has thinned out noticeably — in restaurants, in the hipster community and at social gatherings like dinners and parties. This is especially true among the city’s intelligentsia, who often have disposable income and passports for foreign travel. | 她这样的大有人在。这座有1200万人口的首都仍然生活着大量男性，但无论是餐馆、潮人社区还是晚餐和派对之类的社交活动中，都能明显感觉到男人变得稀少了。莫斯科的知识阶层尤其是这样，这个群体的人往往有一些可支配收入以及出国用的护照。 |
| Some men who were repulsed by the invasion of Ukraine left when the war broke out; others who oppose the Kremlin in general fled because they feared imprisonment or oppression. But the majority of the men who have left in recent weeks were either called up to serve in the military, wanted to avoid the draft, or worried that Russia might close the borders if Mr. Putin declared martial law. | 有些男人厌恶对乌克兰的入侵，在战争爆发之初就走了；还有一些本就反克里姆林宫的人是因为担心入狱或受迫害而逃。不过多数人是在最近几周走的，要么是被征召了想逃避兵役，要么是担心普京会宣布戒严并关闭边境。 |
| No one knows exactly how many men have departed since Mr. Putin announced what he called his “partial mobilization.’’ But hundreds of thousands of men are gone. Mr. Putin said Friday that at least 220,000 had been drafted. | 没人知道自普京宣布所谓“部分动员”以来究竟有多少人离开了这个国家。但成千上万的男人已经走了。普京在周五称已经征召了至少22万人。 |
| At least 200,000 men went to neighboring Kazakhstan, which Russians can enter without a passport, according to the authorities there. Tens of thousands of others have fled to Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Israel, Argentina and Western Europe. | 据哈萨克斯坦当局称，至少有20万男性去了这个俄罗斯人不需要护照就可以入境的邻国。还有数万人去了格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆、以色列、阿根廷和西欧。 |
| “I feel like we are a country of women now,” Stanislava, a 33-year-old photographer, said at a recent birthday party that was attended mostly by women. “I was searching for male friends to help me move some furniture, and I realized almost all of them had left.” | “感觉我们是一个女儿国了，”33岁的摄影师斯坦尼斯拉娃近日在她的生日会上说，来给她庆生的大部分是女人。“我在找男性朋友帮我搬家具，结果发现他们基本上都已经走了。” |
| Many married women remained in Moscow when their husbands fled, either after getting a povestka — a draft notice — or before one could arrive. | 许多留在莫斯科的已婚女性的丈夫已经离开，要么是因为收到了povestka——征兵通知，要么趁还没收到就走了。 |
| “My friends and I meet for wine, and talk and support each other, to feel that we are not alone,” said Liza, whose husband, a lawyer for a large multinational company, received a notice several days before Mr. Putin announced the mobilization. He quit his job and escaped to a Western European country, but Liza, 43, stayed behind because their daughter is in school and all her grandparents are in Russia. | “我会约朋友们一起喝红酒，聊聊天，互相打气，这样显得没那么孤单，”丽萨说，她的丈夫是一家跨国大公司的律师，在普京宣布动员几天前就收到了通知。他辞去了工作，逃到一个西欧国家，但43岁的丽萨没走，因为他们的女儿要上学，孩子的祖父母都在俄罗斯。 |
| Women whose husbands were drafted also suffer from loneliness — but theirs is overshadowed by fear that their spouse might not make it back alive. | 丈夫被征召入伍的女性也会感到孤独，但担心丈夫可能无法活着回来的恐惧比孤独更强烈。 |
| Last week at a voenkomat, or military commissariat, in northwestern Moscow, wives, mothers, and children gathered to say goodbye to loved ones being shipped off to fight. | 上周，在莫斯科西北部的一个军需处，许多妻子、母亲和孩子们聚在一起，向即将奔赴战场的亲人告别。 |
| “These men are like toys in the hands of children,” said Ekaterina, 27, whose husband, Vladimir, 25, was inside collecting his rations, and moments away from being shipped off to a training camp outside Moscow. “They are just cannon fodder.” She wished he had evaded the summons, saying it would have been better for him to sit in jail for a few years than to return home dead. | “这些男人就像孩子们手中的玩具，”27岁的叶卡捷琳娜说，她25岁的丈夫弗拉基米尔在里面领取口粮，马上就要被送往莫斯科郊外的一处训练营。“他们只是炮灰。”她曾祈祷他能逃避征兵，称在监狱里蹲几年总比遗体被送回家要好。 |
| If Muscovites were able to indulge in a hedonistic summer in which it felt like nothing had drastically changed since the invasion of Ukraine, the situation is much different as winter sets in and the consequences of the war, including sanctions, become more evident. | 如果说莫斯科人在过去这个夏天还沉浸在享乐主义中，以为入侵乌克兰以来的一切都没有巨大改变，那么随着冬季到来，加之包括制裁在内的战争后果变得更加明显，情况就大不相同了。 |
| On Monday, Moscow’s mayor announced that mobilization in the capital had officially ended. But many businesses were already feeling a downturn. In the two weeks following the call-up, the number of orders in Moscow restaurants with an average check of more than 1,500 rubles — about $25 — decreased by 29 percent over the same period last year. Sberbank, Russia’s largest lender, closed 529 branches in September alone, according to Kommersant newspaper. | 莫斯科市长周一宣布，首都的动员正式结束。但许多企业都已经感受了萧条的气息。动员号召发出的两周后，莫斯科餐厅平均账单价格超1500卢布（约合25美元）的订单数量比去年同期减少了29%。据《生意人报》报道，俄罗斯最大的联邦储蓄银行仅在9月就关闭了529家分行。 |
| Many downtown storefronts are empty, with “FOR RENT” signs hanging in the windows. Even Russia’s flagship airliner, Aeroflot, closed its office on chic Petrovka Street. Nearby, the storefront windows where Western designers had continued to change their mannequins through the summer were finally papered over. | 市中心许多店铺已空置，窗户上挂着“出租”的牌子。就连俄罗斯的旗舰航空公司俄罗斯航空也关闭了位于雅致的彼得罗夫卡街的办公室。在那周边，西方时尚大牌整个夏天都在不断更换假人模特的店面橱窗，如今终于用纸糊了起来。 |
| “It reminds me of Athens in 2008,” said Aleksei Ermilov, the founder of Chop-Chop, comparing Moscow to the Greek capital during the global financial crisis. | “这让我想起了2008年的雅典，”快手发廊创始人阿列克谢·埃尔米洛夫将莫斯科与全球金融危机期间的希腊首都相提并论。 |
| Mr. Ermilov said that of the 70 barbershops in his franchise, the ones in Moscow and St. Petersburg were most feeling the absence of men. | 埃尔米洛夫说，在他经营的70家理发店中，莫斯科和圣彼得堡的店最能感受到男人的稀缺。 |
| “We can see the massive relocation wave more in Moscow and St. Petersburg than in other cities, partially because more people have the means to leave there,” said Mr. Ermilov. | “与其他城市相比，我们可以在莫斯科和圣彼得堡看到更多的大规模搬迁潮，部分原因是，在那些地方，有能力离开的人更多，”埃尔米洛夫说。 |
| For those men who stayed, navigating the city has become nerve-racking. | 对于留下来的男人来说，在城市里穿行已经变得很伤脑筋。 |
| “I try to drive everywhere, because they can give out draft summons on the street and next to the metro,” said Aleksandr Perepelkin, a marketing director and the editor of Blueprint, a fashion and culture publication. | “我尽量开车去任何地方，因为他们会在街上和地铁旁边发传单，”营销总监、时尚和文化出版物《蓝图》(Blueprint)的编辑亚历山大·佩雷佩尔金说。 |
| Mr. Perepelkin stayed in Russia because he felt an obligation to his more than 100 employees to keep the company functioning. But now his offices remind him of the early months of the coronavirus pandemic because of all the missing people. He and his business partners are unsure what to do. | 佩雷福尔金留在俄罗斯，是因为觉得有义务为他的100多名员工维持公司运转。但现在他的办公室让他想起新冠病毒大流行的最初几个月，因为所有的人都不见了。他和商业伙伴不知道该怎么办。 |
| “Marketing is the type of business you do in normal life,” but not in wartime, he said in a posh cafe and co-working space. The cafe was almost entirely filled with women, including a group celebrating a birthday with a class on arranging flowers. | “市场营销是生活正常的时候做的事情，但不是在战时，”他在一家雅致的咖啡馆和联合办公空间里说。咖啡馆里几乎全是女性，包括一群参加插花课庆祝生日的人。 |
| At the Chop-Chop barbershop, Mr. Ermilov, the founder, said something similar. In late September, he left for Israel, and he now plans to open a business that has no physical presence in his home country and that is “less exposed to geographic risks.” | 在快手发廊，创始人埃尔米洛夫也说了类似的话。他于9月下旬前往以色列，现在计划在祖国开一家没有实体店的公司，这样“不太容易受到地域风险的影响”。 |
| Inside Russia, the managers of the barbershops were talking about possibly expanding services that cater to female clients. | 在俄罗斯国内，理发店的经理们正在讨论是否需要扩大迎合女性顾客的服务。 |
| “We talk about reorienting the business,’’ said Olya, the manager. “But it is impossible to plan now, when the horizon of planning has changed to about a week.” | “我们在讨论调整业务方向，”经理奥利娅说。“但现在不可能制定计划，因为连一周以后的事情都没法掌握。” |
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