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| The antigovernment protests that have erupted in cities across Iran in response to a young woman’s death in the custody of the country’s morality police have struck a national nerve. |
| 伊朗一名年轻女子在被道德警察拘留期间死亡后，触动了伊朗人的神经，全国各地爆发了反政府抗议活动。 |
| The demonstrations have spread to dozens of cities, and multiple casualties have been reported. The government said on Thursday that 17 people, including two security officers, had been killed since the unrest began last weekend. Rights groups say the toll is likely to be higher. |
| 示威活动已蔓延至数十个城市，据报道有多人伤亡。政府周四表示，自上周末骚乱开始以来，已有17人丧生，其中包括两名安全官员。人权组织称实际伤亡人数可能会更高。 |
| The protests have included large numbers of women, who initially took to the streets in rare displays of defiance of the government and its enforcement of the country’s hijab law, which mandates covered hair and loosefitting clothing for women. |
| 抗议者包括大量女性，她们首先走上街头，罕见地表现出对政府及该国头巾法措施的蔑视，这项法律规定女性必须遮盖头发并穿宽松的衣服。 |
| The demonstrations have become widespread, with demands broadening to reflect ordinary Iranians’ anger over their living conditions after years of U.S.-led sanctions that have hobbled the economy, as well as widespread corruption and economic mismanagement. |
| 示威活动蔓延开来，诉求也在扩大，反映了普通伊朗人对生活条件的愤怒，多年来，以美国为首的制裁、腐败丛生以及经济管理不善使伊朗经济陷入困境。 |
| With extraordinary scenes of dissent and calls to end the Islamic Republic, the protests have become one of the most visible challenges to the government since the last wave of unrest in 2019, which was met with a deadly response. |
| 上一次骚乱发生于2019年，结果遭到了政府的致命镇压。从那以后，抗议活动已成为政府面临的最显而易见的挑战之一，因为此类活动充满大量异议场面和结束伊斯兰共和国的呼声。 |
| The authorities have struck back again with a brutal and systematic crackdown: Security forces have fired on protesters with gunshots and water cannons and beat them with batons. Cellphone and internet usage has been dramatically restricted. |
| 当局再次对抗议施以残酷和系统性的镇压：安全部队用枪和高压水枪对准抗议者，并用警棍殴打他们。手机和互联网的使用也受到了极大限制。 |
| What’s fueling the protests? And what are the implications for the authorities? |
| 是什么助长了抗议活动？对伊朗当局有何影响？ |
| A young woman’s death ignited long-simmering anger. |
| 一名年轻女子之死点燃了酝酿已久的愤怒。 |
| Mahsa Amini, who also went by the name Jina, was with her family last week on a visit to Tehran from her home in the northwestern province of Kurdistan when she was arrested on an accusation of violating the hijab law. |
| 玛莎·阿米尼也叫吉娜，上周她和家人离开位于西北部库尔德斯坦省的家来到德黑兰，她因涉嫌违反头巾法而被捕。 |
| The law came into effect in 1981, after the Islamic revolution. It has long been challenged by many women in Iran, and is commonly flouted across the country. |
| 伊斯兰革命后，该法于1981年生效。长期以来，该法律一直受到伊朗许多女性的质疑，并且在全国范围内遭到普遍的无视。 |
| Ms. Amini, 22, died three days after her detention while in the custody of the morality police, who enforce the country’s strict Islamic rules. Iran’s security forces issued a statement saying that Ms. Amini had collapsed from a heart attack at the detention center while receiving training on hijab rules. Her family disputed this claim, saying she was perfectly healthy before her arrest, according to news reports. |
| 22岁的阿米尼在被道德警察拘留三天后去世，道德警察负责执行该国严格的伊斯兰规则。伊朗安全部队发表声明称，阿米尼在拘留中心接受头巾规定的培训时，因心脏病发作昏倒。据新闻报道，她的家人对这一说法提出异议，称她在被捕前非常健康。 |
| Her death quickly struck a national nerve and gave a human face to the public’s long-simmering anger over the religious laws. |
| 她的死很快触动了全国民众的神经，她也因此成为公众对宗教法律长期酝酿的愤怒的象征。 |
| Many women ripped off and burned their head coverings to protest the hijab law, videos posted to social media and by the BBC’s Persian service showed, even in the conservative and religious city of Mashhad in the northeast. One widely circulated video, from the city of Kerman, in the southeast, showed a woman cutting her hair in front of a roaring crowd. |
| 社交媒体上的视频和BBC波斯语服务发布的视频显示，许多女性扯下并焚烧头巾来表达抗议，即使在东北部保守的宗教城市马什哈德也是如此。来自东南部克尔曼市的一段广为流传的视频显示，一名女子在喧闹的人群面前剪掉头发。 |
| As anger has gripped the country, more and more Iranians have joined the demonstrations, turning the crisis into an outlet for broader frustrations with the government. |
| 随着愤怒笼罩这个国家，越来越多的伊朗人加入了示威活动，将这场危机变成了对政府更广泛的不满情绪的发泄口。 |
| Many have called for a scrapping of the far-reaching religious restrictions, which govern how people dress, how they socialize in their homes and what they drink and eat. Even some conservatives have taken up that call, arguing that criminalizing violation of the rules and imposing them by force has backfired and fueled resentment toward religion. |
| 许多人呼吁取消过于严格的宗教限制，这些限制规定了人们的着装方式、在家中的社交方式以及饮食。甚至一些保守派也响应了这一呼吁，认为将违反规则的行为定为刑事犯罪并强行实施会起到适得其反的效果，助长人们对宗教的怨恨情绪。 |
| Analysts also say that years of economic decline have stretched the patience of many Iranians, who have periodically taken to the streets in protest in recent years. |
| 分析人士还表示，多年的经济衰退已经超出了伊朗人的忍耐限度，他们近年来不时走上街头举行抗议。 |
| Iran’s economy has been at rock bottom for years. U.S.-led sanctions in response to the country’s nuclear and missile programs have made it much harder for Iran to sell its oil and cut access to the global financial system, and corruption and economic mismanagement are rife. Iranians have long been subject to ever-rising inflation, food shortages and supply disruptions, and a scarcity of jobs. |
| 伊朗经济多年来一直处于谷底。针对伊朗核计划和导弹计划，以美国为首实施的制裁措施，限制了它的石油出口，切断了该国进入全球金融体系的渠道，而且腐败和经济管理不善的现象也普遍存在。长期以来，不断上升的通货膨胀、食品短缺和供应中断，以及就业机会的稀缺，令伊朗民众陷入困境。 |
| The authorities are answering with practiced force. |
| 当局正在以训练有素的武力予以回应。 |
| Many embittered Iranians have directed their hostilities toward the heart of the country’s system of government: the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. |
| 许多愤愤不平的伊朗人直指该国政府体系的核心：最高领袖阿亚图拉阿里·哈梅内伊。 |
| Footage showing protesters chanting for his death and the downfall of his son Mojtaba, seen as a potential successor, have coursed through social media. |
| 社交媒体上流传的视频显示，抗议者高呼要他去死，要他儿子穆杰塔巴下台，后者被视为哈梅内伊的潜在继任者。 |
| In the northern city of Rasht, protesters took over a street, chanting “Death to the dictator!” and “Death to the oppressor, be it the shah or the supreme leader!” |
| 在北部城市拉什特，抗议者占领了一条街道，高呼“独裁者去死”和“压迫者去死，无论是沙阿还是最高领袖”。 |
| The government has struck back with a brutal and systematic crackdown, using well-rehearsed tactics seen in previous antigovernment uprisings. Videos coursing through social media show protesters facing off against large deployments of riot police officers, who have targeted them with gunshots and water cannons and beat them with batons. Plainclothes officers from the feared Basij militia have also been sent against the protests. |
| 政府采用了在过去的反政府起义中经过充分演练的策略，以残酷、系统性的镇压进行反击。社交媒体上流传的视频显示，抗议者与大批防暴警察对峙，警察则以枪和高压水枪对准他们，并用警棍殴打他们。来自令人恐惧的民兵组织——动员穷人组织的便衣警察也被派去参与镇压。 |
| In the northwestern province of Kurdistan alone, at least 17 protesters have been killed, according to the Kurdistan Human Rights Network, which has posted names and photos of victims online. |
| 据库尔德斯坦人权网络称，仅在西北部的库尔德斯坦省，就至少有17名抗议者被打死，该组织在网上公布了受害者的姓名和照片。 |
| At least 733 people have been injured and more than 600 people arrested across the Kurdish province, according to Hengaw, another rights group. |
| 据另一个人权组织Hengaw称，库尔德斯坦省至少有733人受伤，超过600人被捕。 |
| The figures issued by the government did not include details of where casualties had occurred. |
| 政府发布的数字没有包括伤亡发生地点的细节。 |
| The protests have showed no signs of easing. On Thursday, the Revolutionary Guards, Iran’s powerful security force, issued a statement describing what was occurring as sedition and saying that protesters must be crushed to teach other people a lesson. |
| 抗议活动没有任何缓和的迹象。周四，伊朗强大的安全力量革命卫队发表声明，将正在发生的事情描述为叛乱，并表示必须镇压抗议者，才能给其他人一个教训。 |
| Since the start of the protests, the government has significantly curbed the three main operators providing mobile internet service, severely disrupted internet in areas where protests are taking place and blocked platforms like WhatsApp and Instagram, according to NetBlocks, an internet watchdog, and Iranian digital experts. Protesters had been making heavy use of those platforms to galvanize support and track unfolding events. |
| 据互联网监督机构NetBlocks和伊朗数字专家称，自抗议活动开始以来，政府对提供移动互联网服务的三家主要运营商采取了大量限制措施，使得抗议地区的互联网受到严重干扰，而且还屏蔽了WhatsApp和Instagram等平台。抗议者一直在大量利用这些平台来争取支持，追踪事态进展。 |
| In Tehran, power was cut at night, casting the streets into total darkness in some of the central and downtown neighborhoods where protests had been more intense, according to several residents. |
| 德黑兰夜间断电，据一些居民表示，一些抗议活动更为激烈的市中心和闹市区街道完全陷入黑暗。 |
| Iranian women have long fought for their rights, and been punished for it. |
| 长期以来，伊朗女性一直为争取自己的权利而斗争，并因此受到惩罚。 |
| This is not the first time the theocracy at the helm of the Iranian government has cracked down on women protesting for greater rights. |
| 这已经不是伊朗政府执掌的神权政府第一次镇压为争取更大权利而进行抗议的女性。 |
| Iranian women have been challenging the hijab rule since its inception in 1981 and testing the limits of what they could get away with. As younger generations of women came of age, they became bolder in removing head scarves in public and calling for an end to mandatory hijab. It’s part of a wider push among Iranian women on issues such as divorce, child custody and the right to work and travel without a male guardian’s approval and against other discriminatory laws. |
| 自1981年头巾规定出台以来，伊朗妇女一直在发起挑战，并试探它的尺度。随着年轻一代女性成年，她们变得更加大胆，在公共场合摘下头巾，并呼吁结束强制佩戴头巾的做法。这是伊朗女性更广泛行动的一部分，她们争取离婚、孩子抚养权、在没有男性监护人许可的情况下工作和旅行的权利，并反对其他歧视性法律。 |
| In 2017, a 31-year-old mother, Vida Movahed, stood on a utility box in downtown Tehran, removed her hijab and waved it before a crowd on a stick. More women started to follow her lead, giving way to the so-called Girls of Revolution Street protest, which was later quashed by the government. |
| 2017年，31岁的母亲维达·莫瓦赫德站在德黑兰市中心的一个公用事业箱上，摘下头巾，在人群面前用棍子挑着头巾挥舞。更多的女性效仿她的做法，引发了后来的“革命街女孩”抗议活动，该活动后来被政府镇压。 |
| In 2019, a 29-year-old woman named Sahar Khodayari set herself on fire after she was arrested after sneaking into a men’s soccer match. The Iranian government, under pressure from international soccer authorities, later changed the law and allow women to attend matches, but they are relegated to cordoned-off areas. |
| 2019年，一位名叫萨哈·胡达亚里的29岁女子在潜入球场观看一场男足比赛后被捕，随后自焚。在国际足球当局的压力下，伊朗政府后来修改了法律，允许女性观看比赛，但她们被限制在拉起警戒线的区域。 |
| That same year, Nasrin Sotoudeh, a prominent Iranian lawyer who defended women who removed their head scarves, was sentenced to 38 years in prison and 148 lashes on charges of “colluding against the system” and “insulting” Ayatollah Khamenei. |
| 同年，曾为摘下头巾的女性辩护的伊朗著名律师纳斯林·索托德被判处38年监禁和148下鞭刑，罪名是“勾结反对体制”和“侮辱”阿亚图拉哈梅内伊。 |
| Previous protests were stamped out with beatings, arrests and close-range gunfire. |
| 通过殴打、逮捕和近距离枪击，此前的抗议活动都被镇压。 |
| The current demonstrations are the most dramatic displays of dissent that the country has seen since November 2019, when a rise in gas prices touched off the most sweeping and violent riots since the revolution. Many of those on the streets protesting were lower-income people particularly hard hit by the changes. |
| 目前的示威活动是该国自2019年11月以来最引人注目的抗议活动。当时，天然气价格上涨引发了自革命以来范围最大的暴力骚乱。许多走上街头的抗议者是低收入人群，这些变化对他们的打击尤其严重。 |
| Iran shut down the internet for several days, and security forces opened fire on protesters, often from close range, quashing the widespread demonstrations in a matter of days. Rights groups say at least 360 people were killed in the brutal crackdown, but other estimates were much higher. |
| 当时伊朗断网数天，安全部队向抗议者开火，而且往往是在近距离开火，在几天内就平息了大规模的示威活动。人权组织说，至少有360人在残酷的镇压中丧生，但其他方面估计的数字要高得多。 |
| A previous round of protests, the so-called Green Movement, that swept the country in 2009 had been led by the middle class and university students, who turned out on the streets to denounce the fraudulent re-election of the conservative president at the time, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Then, too, the authorities also cracked down hard, with the Revolutionary Guards and the Basij sent in to arrest, beat and kill protesters. |
| 再上一轮抗议活动是2009年席卷全国的“绿色运动”，由中产阶级和大学生领导，他们走上街头，谴责时任保守派总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪-内贾德为连任而舞弊。随后，当局也进行了严厉镇压，派出革命卫队和动员穷人组织，逮捕、殴打和杀害抗议者。 |
| Neda Agha-Soltan, a young woman who was shot and killed, and became the symbol of the uprising. |
| 一名被枪杀的年轻女子内达·阿迦-苏丹成为起义的象征。 |
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