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| BRUSSELS — The European Union said on Wednesday that it aimed to ban all goods that were the product of forced labor, a move that analysts predicted could hit exports from Xinjiang, the Chinese region where Beijing is believed to be forcing ethnic Uyghurs to work in camps. |
| 布鲁塞尔——欧盟周三表示力求禁止所有使用强迫劳动制造的产品，分析人士预测，此举可能会打击新疆的出口，据信北京在新疆强迫维吾尔族人在拘禁营劳动。 |
| The European proposal followed a U.S. policy that became law in December that explicitly singled out goods from Xinjiang. The E.U. plan did not mention Xinjiang, but China is widely seen as a target of the bill following increasing pressure within the bloc to address human rights violations by Beijing. |
| 欧洲的这项提案效仿了美国的一项政策，后者于去年12月成为法律，明确针对来自新疆的商品。欧盟提案没有提到新疆，但普遍认为其以中国为目标，此前欧盟内部受到了日益增长的压力，要求应对北京侵犯人权的问题。 |
| The U.S. law imposes a blanket ban on products from Xinjiang. By contrast, the European bill would apply to all goods circulating inside the bloc deemed to have been created with forced labor, without specifying particular countries or sectors, which analysts say reflects wariness over antagonizing Beijing and breaching World Trade Organization rules on trade. |
| 美国法律全面禁止来自新疆的产品。相比之下，欧洲法案将适用于在欧盟内部流通的所有被认为是用强迫劳动制造的商品，而没有具体指出国家或部门，分析人士说，这反映了人们担心会激怒北京和违反世贸组织的贸易规则。 |
| Li Yong, an analyst with the China Association of International Trade, a government-funded research group in Beijing, told The Global Times, a Communist Party-owned daily, that the European proposal reflected “the deep-rooted racial discrimination and prejudice of the West.” |
| 北京政府资助的研究机构中国国际贸易学会专家委员会副主任李永告诉共产党旗下日报《环球时报》，欧洲的提案反映了“西方对中国根深蒂固的种族歧视和偏见”。 |
| Valdis Dombrovskis, the E.U. trade chief, told reporters that the European Commission, the bloc’s executive body, which drafted the proposal, was “very careful to make sure that what we are doing is compatible with the W.T.O. rules and obligations in our bilateral deals.” |
| 欧盟贸易负责人瓦尔迪斯·东布罗夫斯基斯告诉记者，起草该提案的欧盟执行机构欧盟委员会“非常注意确保我们所做的工作符合世贸组织的规则以及我们双边协议中的义务。” |
| “The key word for this was nondiscrimination,” he added. |
| “关键词是非歧视，”他还说。 |
| The European rules, which are expected to become law next year and take another two years to be fully implemented, come at a critical time for victims of forced labor. Compounding crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change and armed conflicts have led to a record increase in modern slavery, according to the United Nations. |
| 欧洲的提案预计明年将成为法律，并需要两年时间才能完全实施。它的提出正值强迫劳动受害者的一个关键时刻。据联合国称，包括新冠大流行、气候变化和武装冲突在内的复杂危机导致现代的奴役现象出现创纪录增长。 |
| Not counting commercial sexual exploitation, about 17 million people are currently victims of forced labor in the private sector, according to a U.N. report published this week, and some 3.9 million are forced to work by governments. Manufacturing, construction and agriculture are the sectors most affected. |
| 根据联合国本周发布的一份报告，不计商业目的的性剥削，目前约有1700万人成为私营部门强迫劳动的受害者，约390万人被政府强迫工作。制造业、建筑业和农业是受影响最大的部门。 |
| European consumers, often unknowingly or indirectly, profit from such abuse. According to estimates by advocacy groups, one-fifth of cotton products in the global clothing industry are “tainted by forced labor” from Xinjiang, and almost half the worldwide supply of polysilicon, a key component of solar panels, comes from the region. |
| 欧洲消费者通常是在无意或间接地从这种侵害中获利。据倡导组织估计，全球服装行业五分之一的棉花产品“涉及来自新疆的强迫劳动”，而全球近一半的太阳能电池板关键部件多晶硅供应来自该地区。 |
| The European proposal would make the national authorities of the bloc’s 27 members responsible for enforcing the ban. But critics say that failing to identify the regions or industries that are the biggest culprits, as well as leaving individual nations to determine how to implement the policy, stood out as major weaknesses. |
| 欧洲的提案要求由欧盟27个成员国的政府当局负责该禁令的执行。但批评人士认为，其最大的弱点在于没能明确存在最严重罪行的地区或产业，并且让各国自行决定如何实施这项政策。 |
| In the United States, the authorities are empowered to seize goods suspected of being the products of forced labor coming from Xinjiang. But in Europe, the authorities have to prove that the goods are in breach of the rules, and only then can they withdraw them from the market. The administrative and legal burden on the European authorities, which have varying capacities and political commitment to this cause, will most likely weaken the implementation, analysts said. |
| 在美国，当局有权没收疑似来自新疆的强迫劳动产品。但在欧洲，当局必须证明货物违反规定，然后才能将其撤出市场。分析人士说，欧洲各国对此倡导的应对能力和政治承诺不同，提案带给当局的行政和法律负担很可能会削弱规定的实施。 |
| “A lot will depend on the political will of national governments,” said Niclas Poitiers, a trade researcher at Bruegel, a Brussels-based research institute. “I wouldn’t be surprised if we see a very different application in Germany than in Hungary,” he added. (Hungary’s prime minister, Viktor Orban, has built a close relationship with Beijing, facilitating sprawling Chinese investment in his country.) |
| “很大程度上取决于各国政府的政治意愿，”布鲁塞尔研究机构布鲁盖尔的贸易研究员尼古拉斯·普瓦捷说。“如果我们在德国看到与匈牙利截然不同的处理方式，我不会感到惊讶，”他补充说。（匈牙利总理欧尔班·维克多与北京建立了密切的关系，促进了中国在匈牙利的广泛投资。） |
| The proposed law follows significant pressure from civil society and European lawmakers to confront China about its human rights record. Last year, the European Parliament blocked a landmark commercial agreement between the bloc and China, citing rights violations and a “totalitarian threat” from Beijing. And in June, after the publication of the “Xinjiang Police Files,” which detailed years of repression against the Uyghurs, lawmakers adopted a resolution calling for an outright import ban. |
| 拟议的法律是在公民社会和欧洲立法者强烈施压、要求就中国的人权记录做出应对后出现的。去年，欧洲议会以侵犯人权和来自北京的“极权主义威胁”为由，阻止了欧盟与中国之间的一项具有里程碑意义的商业协议。6月，《新疆公安文件》被公布，该文件详细说明了多年来新疆警方对维吾尔人的镇压，此后，立法者通过了一项决议，要求彻底禁止进口。 |
| The proposed law has been criticized for failing to mention China but also because it does not help victims of forced labor to claim back wages, retrieve their documents or seek compensation. |
| 拟议的法律受到了批评，因为它没有提及中国，并且没有帮助强迫劳动的受害者索回工资、取回他们的文件或寻求赔偿。 |
| “Does it help the fate of the Uyghurs? I am afraid it falls short,” Reinhard Buetikofer, a German member of the European Parliament for the Greens, told reporters on Monday. “I am not happy that state-induced forced labor is not even mentioned in the text,” he added. |
| “这对维吾尔人的命运有帮助吗？恐怕它是不够的，”欧洲议会绿党的德国议员莱因哈德·布埃蒂科弗周一告诉记者。“我很不高兴，文中甚至没有提到国家强迫劳动，”他还说。 |
| Europe’s relations with China, which is considered simultaneously a partner and a “systemic rival,” is in an awkward phase, given the Chinese government’s support of Russia even after the invasion of Ukraine. |
| 欧洲与中国的关系被认为既是合作伙伴，又是“系统性竞争对手”，鉴于中国在乌克兰被入侵后仍支持俄罗斯，欧洲与中国的关系正处于一个尴尬的阶段。 |
| And to many, Europe’s swift response to the Russian aggression highlighted the weakness of its policy toward China. |
| 对许多人来说，欧洲对俄罗斯侵略的迅速反应反衬出其对华政策的软弱。 |
| Referring to Xinjiang, Dilnur Reyhan, president of the European Uyghur Institute, said, “This genocide has been happening for five years and Europe has not yet done anything, just bread crumbs in terms of sanctions.” |
| 欧洲维吾尔研究所所长迪丽努尔·热依汗在谈到新疆时说：“这场种族灭绝已经进行了五年，欧洲还没有采取任何行动，只有一些不痛不痒的制裁。” |
| She added: “But we’ve seen what has happened since the Russian war in Ukraine. We know that Europe can respond very quickly if it wants to.” |
| 她还说：“但我们已经看到了自俄罗斯在乌克兰发起战争以来发生的事情。我们知道，如果欧洲愿意，它可以非常迅速地做出反应。” |
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