| 双语新闻 Bilingual News | 双语对照阅读 分级系列阅读 智能辅助阅读 在线英语学习 |
|
| 双语新闻 Bilingual News | 双语对照阅读 分级系列阅读 智能辅助阅读 在线英语学习 |
| [英文] [中文] [双语对照] [双语交替] [] |
| The day that Russia invaded Ukraine, Feb. 24, the legacy of Mikhail S. Gorbachev loomed over President Vladimir V. Putin’s predawn speech. |
| 俄罗斯今年2月24日入侵乌克兰那天，米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫的政治遗产隐隐出现在普京总统黎明前的讲话中。 |
| “The paralysis of power and will is the first step toward complete degradation and oblivion,” Mr. Putin intoned, referring to the Soviet Union’s collapse. “We lost confidence for only one moment, but it was enough to disrupt the balance of forces in the world.” |
| “控制力和意志的瘫痪是走向彻底毁灭和湮没的第一步，”普京在提到苏联解体时语气严肃地说。“我们失去信心只是一瞬间，但这足以扰乱世界力量的平衡。” |
| For Mr. Putin, the end of the Soviet Union was the “greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century,” a “genuine tragedy” for millions of Russians because it left them scattered across newly formed national borders. The disaster was caused, in Mr. Putin’s telling, by the weak nerves of a leader too willing to bend to the demands of a treacherous and duplicitous West — a mistake, the Kremlin’s televised propaganda now often reminds viewers, that Mr. Putin is determined not to repeat. |
| 对普京来说，苏联解体是“上个世纪最大的地缘政治灾难”，是数百万俄罗斯人的“真正悲剧”，因为它使俄罗斯人被新形成的国家边界分散。按照普京的说法，这场灾难是一名气魄不足的领导人造成的，他太愿意屈从于奸诈且别有用心的西方的要求，克里姆林宫的电视宣传现在经常提醒观众，普京决意不再重复这种错误。 |
| In Ukraine, Mr. Putin is fighting in the shadows of the empire whose end Mr. Gorbachev presided over, having started a war that has killed thousands in the name of restoring Moscow’s dominance over what it claims to be Russian lands. But Mr. Putin’s battle to reverse Mr. Gorbachev’s legacy extends beyond territorial control to the personal and political freedoms that the last Soviet president ushered in — and that the Kremlin is now fast unraveling. |
| 在乌克兰，普京的战争正在苏维埃帝国的阴影下进行，这个帝国是在戈尔巴乔夫执政时期灭亡的。普京以恢复莫斯科对它声称属于俄罗斯的土地的统治为名，发动了一场已导致数千人死亡的战争。但普京推翻戈尔巴乔夫政治遗产的斗争超出了对领土的控制，它还延伸到了对个人自由和政治自由的控制，这些自由是苏联的最后一任总统引进来的，现在正在被克里姆林宫迅速削弱。 |
| “All of Gorbachev’s reforms are now zero, in ashes, in smoke,” a friend of Mr. Gorbachev’s, the radio journalist Aleksei A. Venediktov, said in a July interview. “This was his life’s work.” |
| “戈尔巴乔夫的所有改革现在都已化为乌有，化为灰烬，化为青烟，”戈尔巴乔夫的朋友、电台记者阿列克谢·韦涅季克托夫在今年7月的一次采访中说。“那是他毕生的工作。” |
| Mr. Gorbachev, who has died at age 91, was still in power when Mr. Venediktov’s freewheeling liberal radio station, Echo of Moscow, first went on the air in 1990 and came to symbolize Russia’s newfound freedoms. After Mr. Putin ordered troops into Ukraine in February, the Kremlin forced the station to shut down. |
| 戈尔巴乔夫去世时91岁，1990年他仍在掌权时，由韦涅季克托夫创办、完全按照自己意愿行事的自由电台“莫斯科回声”开播，该电台后来成为俄罗斯新取得的自由的象征。今年2月，普京下令军队进入乌克兰后，克里姆林宫迫使该电台停播。 |
| And Novaya Gazeta, the independent newspaper that Mr. Gorbachev used his Nobel Peace Prize money to help found in the early 1990s, was forced to suspend publication in March, threatened by a new wartime censorship law. |
| 今年3月，戈尔巴乔夫用自己的诺贝尔和平奖奖金在20世纪90年代初资助创办的独立报纸《新报》也在新的战时审查法的威胁下被迫暂停发行。 |
| Mr. Gorbachev, in ill health, said nothing himself publicly this year about the war in Ukraine. His Gorbachev Foundation, a research institute that “seeks to promote democratic values,” issued a statement two days after the invasion calling for a “speedy cessation of hostilities” and “the immediate start of peace talks.” |
| 健康状况不佳的戈尔巴乔夫本人今年没有公开对乌克兰战争发表看法。他的戈尔巴乔夫基金会是一家“寻求促进民主价值观”的研究机构，在俄罗斯入侵的两天后发过一份声明，呼吁“迅速停止敌对行动”，“立即开始和平谈判”。 |
| But Mr. Gorbachev, the son of a Ukrainian mother and a Russian father, backed Mr. Putin’s view of Ukraine as a “brotherly nation” that should rightfully be in Russia’s orbit. He supported Mr. Putin’s annexation of the Crimean peninsula in 2014, describing the move as representing the will of a region heavily populated by people who identified as Russian. And he castigated the West for “trying to draw Ukraine into NATO,” warning that such attempts “will not bring anything but discord between Ukraine and Russia.” |
| 但母亲是乌克兰人、父亲是俄罗斯人的戈尔巴乔夫支持普京的观点，认为乌克兰是一个“兄弟国家”，理应在俄罗斯的轨道上运行。他支持普京在2014年吞并克里米亚半岛的做法，称此举代表的是一个以俄罗斯人为主的地区的意愿。他严厉批评西方“试图把乌克兰拉入北约”，并警告，这种尝试“只会导致乌克兰和俄罗斯之间的不和”。 |
| But he also appeared confident that the worst could be avoided. Asked about tensions between Ukraine and Russia in 2014, he told a Siberian news outlet, “A war between Russia and Ukraine — this is absurd.” |
| 但他似乎对可以避免最糟糕的情况有信心。2014年被问及乌克兰与俄罗斯的紧张关系时，他对西伯利亚一家新闻媒体说，“俄罗斯与乌克兰发生战争——这很荒谬。” |
| “This was a man who was a principled opponent of violence and bloodshed,” Dmitri A. Muratov, the editor of Novaya Gazeta and a winner of last year’s Nobel Peace Prize, said in a phone interview. |
| “他是一个原则性地反对暴力和流血的人，”《新报》主编、去年的诺贝尔和平奖得主德米特里·穆拉托夫在接受电话采访时说。 |
| Still, Mr. Gorbachev’s precise views on the invasion that began six months before his death have remained a mystery. Mr. Muratov said that he frequently visited Mr. Gorbachev in the hospital over the past two years and that he believed Mr. Gorbachev “was not in the condition to comment on current political events.” |
| 尽管如此，戈尔巴乔夫对这场战争的确切看法仍然是个谜，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰始于他死前六个月。穆拉托夫说，他在过去两年里经常去医院看望戈尔巴乔夫，他认为戈尔巴乔夫“处于无法评论当前政治事件的状况”。 |
| Mr. Putin issued a statement on Wednesday that sounded a conciliatory note — even as his allies in Parliament and in the state media went so far as to consign Mr. Gorbachev a place in hell. |
| 普京周三发表了一份声明，听起来带有和解的意思，尽管他在议会和国有媒体的盟友当中甚至有人说出了让戈尔巴乔夫下地狱的话。 |
| Mr. Putin, addressing Mr. Gorbachev’s “relatives and friends,” said, “Mikhail Gorbachev was a politician and statesman who had a huge impact on the course of world history.” |
| 普京在声明中对戈尔巴乔夫的“亲朋好友”说，“米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫是一位对世界历史进程产生了巨大影响的政治家和国家领导人。” |
| “He deeply understood that reforms were necessary, he strove to offer his own solutions to urgent problems,” Mr. Putin added. |
| “他深深懂得改革的必要性，他力求为紧迫问题提供自己的解决方案，”普京还说。 |
| The brief statement allowed Mr. Putin to appear as a statesman above the political fray, but it quickly became clear that Mr. Gorbachev would not be venerated by the Kremlin. Its spokesman said that the format of Mr. Gorbachev’s funeral — such as whether it would receive state honors — had yet to be determined. |
| 虽然这份简短声明让普京看似一名超越政治纠纷的国家领导人，但人们很快就清晰地看到，戈尔巴乔夫不会受到克里姆林宫的敬重。克林姆林宫发言人说，戈尔巴乔夫葬礼的形式还有待决定，比如是否会举行国葬。 |
| A cornerstone of Mr. Putin’s propaganda message is that he stabilized Russia — rebuilding the economy and the country’s status as a great power — after the chaotic and humiliating 1990s that were ushered in by Mr. Gorbachev. |
| 普京所宣传的信息的一个基石是，在经历了戈尔巴乔夫带来的混乱和耻辱的20世纪90年代后，他稳定了俄罗斯，重建了俄罗斯的经济，重塑了俄罗斯的大国地位。 |
| As a result, in death, Mr. Gorbachev immediately became a symbol for Kremlin allies making the case that trying to liberalize society and make nice with the West can lead to disaster. Mr. Putin let slip his view of Mr. Gorbachev as a weak negotiator last year when he told NBC that the West had tricked the last Soviet leader at the end of the Cold War by suggesting NATO would not expand eastward but not enshrining such a pledge in a treaty. (American officials say they made no such commitment.) |
| 结果是，戈尔巴乔夫在死后马上成了一个象征，克里姆林宫的盟友们用来支持他们的说法，即试图让社会自由化、与西方友好相处能导致灾难。去年，普京在接受美国全国广播公司采访时无意中说出，他认为戈尔巴乔夫是个软弱的谈判者，冷战结束时，西方通过暗示北约不会东扩，但没有将这个承诺写入条约，欺骗了这名苏联最后的领导人。（美国官员说他们没有做出过那个承诺。) |
| “You fooled the little dummy,” Mr. Putin said in the interview, using a schoolyard rhyme. |
| “你们骗了那个小傻瓜，”普京在采访中用一句儿歌说。 |
| That historical grievance underpins Mr. Putin’s contention that the West is not to be trusted, and that Russia needs a stronger, more assertive leader, a view that state media asserted on Wednesday with full-throated criticism of Mr. Gorbachev. |
| 这种历史抱怨构成了普京观点的基础，他认为西方不值得信任，俄罗斯需要一名更强有力、更坚定自信的领导人。俄罗斯官方媒体在周三对戈尔巴乔夫的猛烈抨击中强调了这一观点。 |
| “Mikhail Gorbachev can serve as an illustration that good intentions of a national leader can create hell on earth for a whole country,” said a column published early Wednesday by the state news agency RIA Novosti. It described him as responsible for “a destroyed country, the nightmare of the 1990s, and the millions of lives lost in civil wars, ethnic cleansing, terrorist attacks and gang wars.” |
| “米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫可以作为一个例证，说明一位国家领导人的良好意愿可把整个国家变得糟糕透顶，”俄罗斯国家通讯社俄新社周三早间发表的一篇专栏文章写道。文章称戈尔巴乔夫对“一个被摧毁的国家，对20世纪90年代的噩梦，对在内战、种族清洗、恐怖袭击和帮派斗争中丧生的数百万人”负有责任。 |
| Igor Korotchenko, a military analyst who is a regular on state television talk shows, was even more blunt. On Twitter, he wrote of Mr. Gorbachev: “Burn in hell!” |
| 国有电视台脱口秀节目的常客、军事分析人士伊戈尔·科罗琴科的话更加直白。他在Twitter上提及戈尔巴乔夫时写道：“在地狱里焚烧吧！” |
| To those Russians who yearn for better ties with the West and greater freedoms at home, Mr. Gorbachev remains a visionary figure. But Mr. Muratov, the Novaya Gazeta editor, said that perhaps the former Soviet leader’s greatest legacy was his arms-control talks with President Ronald Reagan that reduced the chances of nuclear annihilation. Mr. Putin, in contrast, has not shied away from threatening the West with his nuclear arsenal and fearsome new missiles. |
| 对于那些渴望与西方建立更好关系、希望国内有更大自由的俄罗斯人来说，戈尔巴乔夫仍是一位有远见的人物。但《新报》主编穆拉托夫说，这位前苏联领导人的最大政治遗产也许是他与罗纳德·里根总统降低了核毁灭可能性的军控谈判。相比之下，普京从不回避使用他的核武库和可怕的新型导弹威胁西方。 |
| “They gave us the gift of at least 30 years of life without the threat of a global nuclear war,” Mr. Muratov said of Mr. Gorbachev and Mr. Reagan. “We have wasted this gift. The gift does not exist anymore.” |
| “他们送给我们的礼物是，让我们在没有全球核战争的威胁下至少生活了30年，”穆拉托夫在谈到戈尔巴乔夫和里根时说。“我们糟蹋了这个礼物。这个礼物已经不复存在。” |
OK阅读网 版权所有(C)2017 | 联系我们