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| LONDON — As a passionate 19-year-old student at Oxford in 1994, Elizabeth Truss called for a referendum to abolish the British monarchy, telling an audience of fellow Liberal Democrats, “We do not believe that people should be born to rule.” |
| 伦敦——1994年，19岁的伊丽莎白·特拉斯还是牛津大学一名对政治充满激情的学生，她呼吁举行全民公投，废除英国君主制，对一群支持自由民主党的听众说，“我们不相信有人生来就是统治者。” |
| Three decades later, Ms. Truss, now 47 and known as Liz, will travel to a Scottish castle on Tuesday to be anointed by Queen Elizabeth II as Britain’s new prime minister, completing a political odyssey from rabble-rousing republican to tradition-cloaked leader of the Conservative Party. |
| 近30年后，现年47岁、人称“丽兹”的特拉斯将于周二前往一处苏格兰城堡，接受英国女王伊丽莎白二世的新首相任命，完成了一段从唤醒民众的共和主义者转变为披上传统外衣的保守党领导人的政治旅途。 |
| Ms. Truss long ago pivoted to embrace the monarchy as being good for British democracy, just as she long ago abandoned the Liberal Democrats for the Conservatives. More recently, she switched sides on Brexit, opposing the drive for Britain to leave the European Union before the 2016 referendum, then reversing course to become one of its most ardent evangelists. |
| 很久以前，特拉斯就转向支持君主制，认为它有利于英国民主，就像她很久以前就放弃自由民主党转投保守党一样。她最近一次转变立场是在英国脱欧的问题上，她在2016年公投之前反对推动英国脱离欧盟，但此后改变了方向，成为最热切的脱欧倡导者之一。 |
| Her ideological dexterity — critics would call it opportunism — has helped propel Ms. Truss to the pinnacle of British politics. How well it will prepare her for the rigors of the job is another question, given the dire economic trends enveloping the country, and a Tory party that seems torn between desire for a fresh start and regret about tossing out her flamboyant, larger-than-life predecessor, Boris Johnson. |
| 意识形态上的灵活——批评者会称为机会主义——帮助特拉斯走上了英国政坛的顶峰。但这将在多大程度上帮助她为这份艰巨的工作做好准备则是另一个问题，因为目前英国经济形势严峻，而保守党似乎也在摇摆不定，一方面渴望全新的起点，一方面又在后悔驱逐了她作风浮夸的前任约翰逊。 |
| By her own admission, Ms. Truss has little of Mr. Johnson’s charisma. Awkward where he is easygoing, staccato where he is smooth, she nevertheless scaled the party’s ranks with what colleagues describe as nerve, drive and an appetite for disruptive politics. When Mr. Johnson fell into trouble, she positioned herself adroitly, never publicly breaking with him while staying in the spotlight as a hawkish foreign secretary. |
| 特拉斯自己也承认，她基本没有约翰逊那样的魅力。约翰逊随和，她却显得笨拙；约翰逊圆滑，她却显得迟疑，尽管如此，她还是凭借同僚口中的勇气、决心和对颠覆式政治的渴望在党内步步高升。当约翰逊陷入困境时，她巧妙地找准了定位，从未与他公开决裂，但又作为鹰派的外交大臣始终处于聚光灯之下。 |
| “She has so much confidence in her instincts,” said Marc Stears, a political scientist who tutored Ms. Truss when she was at Oxford. “She is willing to take risks and say the kinds of things that other people aren’t willing to say. Sometimes, that works for her; other times, it hurts her.” |
| “她对自己的直觉无比自信，”曾在牛津大学辅导过特拉斯的政治学家马克·斯蒂尔斯说。“她敢于冒险，敢于说出别人不愿说的话。有时候这让她得偿所愿；但也有时候也会对她造成损害。” |
| Wooden in public, Ms. Truss is fun in private, friends say, with a direct, informal manner, a weakness for karaoke and an unabashed love for the pop star Taylor Swift. She once shared a selfie with Ms. Swift from an awards show, adding the caption, “Look what you made me do,” the title of one of Ms. Swift’s hit songs. |
| 友人们都说，特拉斯在公开场合比较木讷，但私下里十分有趣，直截了当、不拘小节，喜欢唱卡拉OK，并且毫不掩饰对流行歌星泰勒·斯威夫特的热爱。她曾分享一张与斯威夫特在颁奖礼上的自拍照，并配文称“看看你让我做了什么”，这是斯威夫特一首热门歌曲的歌名。 |
| Ms. Truss will need all her instincts and agility to navigate the job she is inheriting from Mr. Johnson. Drummed out of office by his party’s lawmakers after a string of scandals, he has left behind a daunting pile of problems, not unlike those that confronted Margaret Thatcher when she became Britain’s first female prime minister in 1979 during a previous period of economic hardship. |
| 要驾驭从约翰逊手中继承的职务，特拉斯需要调动自己所有的直觉和灵活。因一连串丑闻而被党内议员赶下台的约翰逊留下了一大堆难题，这与撒切尔在1979年成为英国首位女首相时面临先前经济困难时期的问题不无相似之处。 |
| Ms. Truss has modeled herself on Thatcher, posing on a tank like her heroine once did in West Germany and wearing silk pussy-bow blouses, a staple of the Thatcher wardrobe. But her politics more closely resemble those of another hero of the right, Ronald Reagan: a clarion call for lower taxes and smaller government, coupled with a celebration of post-Brexit Britain as an “aspiration nation.” |
| 特拉斯视撒切尔为榜样，曾像撒切尔去西德时一样在坦克上摆造型拍照，也爱穿带蝴蝶结的丝绸衬衫，这是撒切尔着装的一大特色。但她的政治理念更像另一位右翼大人物，那就是里根：强烈要求降税、缩小政府规模，她还将脱欧后的英国赞颂为“理想之国”。 |
| That message appealed to the 160,000 or so mostly white and mostly aging members of the Conservative Party, who chose it over the hard truths offered by her opponent, Rishi Sunak, a former chancellor of the Exchequer. Now, she will have to pivot yet again, to lead a diverse, divided country facing its worst economic news in a generation. |
| 这样的信息吸引了约16万保守党成员的支持，其中大部分都是白人和老龄群体，这些人选择了她，而非她的对手、前财政大臣里希·苏纳克摆出的残酷事实。而今，她将不得不再次转向，领导一个多元而分裂的国家面对一代人以来最为糟糕的经济状况。 |
| “One of the things that has benefited Liz Truss is that she’s tribal,” said Jill Rutter, a senior research fellow at U.K. in a Changing Europe, a research institute in London. “She’s very willing to embrace everything about a team. The trouble with being a team player is she now needs to define the agenda.” |
| “集团意识是让丽兹·特拉斯受益的因素之一，”伦敦研究机构“英国在变化中的欧洲”的高级研究员吉尔·鲁特说。“她非常愿意接受团队的概念。作为团队合作者的麻烦是，她现在需要确定自己的议程。” |
| Born in 1975, four years before Thatcher took power, Ms. Truss grew up in an avowedly left-wing family, with a father who was a mathematician and a mother who was a teacher and nurse. She talks often of going to a public high school in the hard-knocks city of Leeds, which she said “let down” its students with low expectations, little opportunity and a local council caught in the grip of political correctness. |
| 特拉斯出生于1975年，也就是撒切尔上台的前四年。她生长于一个并不掩饰左翼倾向的家庭，父亲是数学家，母亲是教师和护士。她经常谈到自己在条件艰苦的利兹市读公立高中的经历，她说那里对学生的期望低、机会少，地方议会被政治正确束缚，让学生们“很失望”。 |
| Some of her contemporaries dispute her account of her school days. They note that she grew up in a comfortable district of the city that long voted Conservative. They also accuse her of slighting her teachers, who helped her gain admission — after a year living in Canada with her family — to Merton College, one of the most academically rigorous of the Oxford colleges. |
| 一些同辈人并不认可她对自己学生时代的描述。他们指出，她在该市条件舒适的片区长大，那里长期支持保守党。他们还指责她轻视老师，在与家人去加拿大生活一年后，是老师们帮她考进了墨顿学院，这是牛津大学学术上最严谨的学院之一。 |
| At Oxford, Ms. Truss studied philosophy, politics and economics, an elite degree program that has produced a club of prominent politicians, including a former prime minister, David Cameron. Some have criticized the program for putting a premium on being smooth-talking and a quick study. But Mr. Stears said Ms. Truss did not conform to the cliché of a P.P.E. student. |
| 在牛津大学，特拉斯攻读哲学、政治学和经济学学位(PPE)，这一精英专业培养了一批杰出政治家，包括前首相卡梅伦。一些人批评该专业过于注重巧辩和快速学习能力。但斯蒂尔斯说，特斯拉并不符合PPE学生的刻板印象。 |
| “Her particular skill was not to master a brief or be glib or facile, but to come up with something unexpected,” he said. “Every piece of work she came up with was provocative. She revels in controversy and provoking people.” |
| “她的特殊能力不在于掌握一份简报或是巧舌如簧，而在于能出人意料，”他说。“她拿出的每一件作品都很有挑衅性。她喜欢制造争议并且挑衅别人。” |
| Politics drew her early, and Ms. Truss became president of the Oxford University Liberal Democrats, where she campaigned to legalize marijuana. Soon after graduating in 1996, however, she switched to the Conservatives, a party then careering into the political wilderness. She worked in the private sector, for the energy giant Shell and for Cable & Wireless, qualifying as a chartered accountant. |
| 她很早就被政治所吸引，成为了牛津大学自由民主党主席，在那里发起了宣传大麻合法化的运动。然而在1996年毕业后不久，她就转投当时正处于政治荒漠的保守党。她曾进入私营公司，在能源巨头壳牌公司和大东电报局工作，获得了特许会计师资格。 |
| In 2000, Ms. Truss married Hugh O’Leary, an accountant she met at a party conference and with whom she now has two daughters. Her personal life briefly threatened her career in 2005, after she had an extramarital relationship with a married member of Parliament, Mark Field, whom the party had appointed as her political mentor. Mr. Field’s marriage broke up; Ms. Truss’s survived. |
| 2000年，特拉斯与她在党内会议上结识的会计师休·奥利里结婚，两人现育有两女。2005年，她的私生活一度威胁到政治生涯，因为她与已婚国会议员马克·费尔德发生了婚外情，后者是保守党指派给她的政治导师。费尔德的婚姻因此破裂；特拉斯的婚姻则维持下来。 |
| Elected to Parliament in 2010 as a member for South West Norfolk, Ms. Truss went on to hold six ministerial jobs under three Conservative prime ministers. Her track record, people who know her said, was mixed, and she struggled with public speaking. |
| 特拉斯于2010年当选西南诺福克的议员，随后在三位保守党总理手下担任过六个大臣级职位。认识她的人说，她的往绩好坏参半，而且她在公开演讲方面有困难。 |
| While serving as environment secretary in 2014, she was widely mocked for a speech in which she lightly noted that Britain imported two-thirds of its cheese, then switched to a scowl and added portentously, “That is a disgrace!” |
| 在2014年担任环境大臣期间，她因一次演讲而受到广泛嘲笑——她在演讲中漫不经心地指出，英国三分之二的奶酪都是进口的，然后皱着眉头并拿腔拿调地说：“这简直是耻辱！” |
| She was more persuasive in campaigning against Britain’s exit from the European Union. Speaking to a food and beverage industry group, Ms. Truss said, “I think the British people are sensible people. They understand fundamentally that economically, Britain will be better off staying in a reformed E.U.” |
| 她在反对英国退出欧盟的运动中更有说服力。特拉斯对一家食品和饮料行业团体说：“我认为英国人是明智的人。他们完全理解，在经济上，英国留在改革后的欧盟会更好。” |
| After the 2016 vote, Ms. Truss reversed course to become a Brexit cheerleader. “I was wrong, and I am prepared to admit I was wrong,” she said recently, contending that the warnings about the calamitous effects of Brexit had been overblown and that it had, in fact, unleashed benefits. |
| 在2016年投票后，特拉斯改变了方向，成了英国脱欧的啦啦队长。前不久，她说：“我错了，并且我准备承认我错了。”她辩称，关于英国脱欧灾难性影响的警告被夸大了，实际上脱欧带来了益处。 |
| While few fault Ms. Truss for her youthful switch from Liberal Democrat to Tory, many criticize her retroactive endorsement of Brexit. “That’s not a serious answer,” said Ms. Rutter of U.K. in a Changing Europe. “The evidence is mounting up that if you make trade with your biggest trading partner more difficult, it hurts your economy.” |
| 虽然很少有人指责特拉斯年轻时从自由民主党转向保守党，但许多人批评她在英国脱欧后又对反过来支持脱欧。“这不是一个严肃的回答，”来自研究机构“英国在变化中的欧洲”的拉特说。“越来越多的证据表明，如果你让与最大贸易伙伴的贸易变得更加困难，就会损害你的经济。” |
| The U-turn did not hinder her career. Ms. Truss cycled through jobs in the Justice Department and the Treasury before Mr. Johnson named her international trade minister in 2019. She roamed the world, signing post-Brexit trade agreements with Japan, Australia and other countries. Analysts noted they were largely cut-and-paste versions of European Union deals, but she reaped the publicity. |
| 这个180度转弯并没有阻碍她的事业。在约翰逊于2019年任命她为国际贸易大臣之前，特拉斯在司法部和财政部工作过。她访问过世界各地，与日本、澳大利亚和其他国家签署了脱欧后的贸易协定。分析人士指出，它们在很大程度上是只是复制粘贴和欧盟的贸易协定，但她获得了知名度。 |
| “Very early on, it appeared to me that she was a likely candidate for prime minister,” said Robert E. Lighthizer, who opened talks on a trans-Atlantic deal with Ms. Truss as President Donald J. Trump’s trade representative. |
| “在很早的时候，我就觉得她可能是首相的候选人，”罗伯特·莱特希泽说，他作为特朗普总统的贸易代表，曾与和特拉斯就一项跨大西洋协议进行谈判。 |
| Along the way, Ms. Truss expressed a fascination with disruptive forces, like the ride-hailing service Uber. She once posted on Twitter that the younger generation of Britons were “#Uber-riding #Airbnb-ing #Deliveroo-eating #freedomfighters.” |
| 特拉斯一直以来都对颠覆性的力量表示迷恋，比如对叫车服务优步(Uber)。她曾在Twitter上发帖称，年轻一代的英国人是“出门叫Uber、住Airbnb、在Deliveroo叫外卖的自由战士”。 |
| “She’s been very keen to define herself as a disrupter and to make a link from that to a political approach that would benefit the country,” said Bronwen Maddox, director of Chatham House, the London research institution. “There is something refreshing about that, as well as obviously a danger.” |
| “她一直非常热衷于将自己定义为颠覆者，并将其与有利于国家的政治方针联系起来，”伦敦研究机构查塔姆研究所所长布朗文·马多克斯说。“这令人耳目一新，但显然也存在危险。” |
| Like Thatcher, she also presents herself as a fierce defender of Western democracy. Elevated to foreign secretary in 2021, Ms. Truss outflanked even Mr. Johnson in her hard line against Russia. “Putin must lose in Ukraine,” she declared last March during a visit to Lithuania. She held a famously icy meeting on the eve of the war with the Russian foreign minister, Sergey V. Lavrov. |
| 和撒切尔一样，她也将自己描绘成西方民主的坚定捍卫者。特拉斯于2021年被提拔为外交大臣，对俄罗斯的强硬立场上甚至比约翰逊更胜一筹。“普京在乌克兰必须失败，”她在3月访问立陶宛时宣称。她与俄罗斯外交部长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫在战争前夕举行了一次以气氛冷漠而著称的会议。 |
| Ms. Truss, colleagues say, will relish the prospect of facing off against Mr. Putin. But some predict her bigger nemesis will be Mr. Johnson. Ambitious and still popular with the Tory grass roots, he is likely to remain a news-making fixture — one who could taunt Ms. Truss from the backbenches of Parliament or in a newspaper column, according to Gavin Barwell, who served as chief of staff to Mr. Johnson’s predecessor, Theresa May. |
| 同事们说，特拉斯将享受即将到来的与普京的对峙。但有人预测，她更大的对手将是约翰逊。加文·巴威尔曾担任约翰逊前任特蕾莎·梅的参谋长，据他所说，雄心勃勃的约翰逊仍然受到保守党基层群众的欢迎，他很可能会继续成为新闻常客——一个既可以在议会后座也可以在报纸专栏中嘲讽特拉斯的人。 |
| “He’s going to be like Banquo’s ghost,” Mr. Barwell said, referring to the apparition who tormented Shakespeare’s Macbeth. “The moment she gets into political difficulty, there’s going to be a bring-back-Boris movement.” |
| “他会像班柯的鬼魂一样，”巴威尔说，他指的是莎士比亚笔下那个折磨麦克白的幽灵。“一旦她陷入政治困境，就会有一场复活鲍里斯的运动。” |
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