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| HONG KONG — At first China said there was “no such thing” as re-education centers that held vast numbers of people in its far western Xinjiang region. Then, as more reports emerged that hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs and members of other largely Muslim groups were being detained, Beijing acknowledged the camps’ existence but described them as vocational training centers. | 香港——起初，中国否认在其新疆西部偏远地区建设大规模拘禁营，称“不存在再教育营这种东西”。后来，随着更多有关几十万名维吾尔人和其他主要是穆斯林的少数民族成员被拘禁的报道出现，中国政府承认了拘禁营的存在，但将它们描述为职业培训中心。 |
| When overseas Uyghurs spoke out about the authorities’ abuses in Xinjiang, China targeted their families back home, sentencing their relatives to long prison terms and using the full weight of state media and prominent Chinese diplomats to denounce the activists as liars and frauds. | 当海外维吾尔人公开批评中国当局在新疆的暴行时，中国将他们在国内的亲属作为打击目标，将他们的家人判处长期徒刑，并动用官方媒体和中国著名外交官的全部力量，谴责这些活动人士是撒谎者和骗子。 |
| For the many Uyghur activists who have campaigned — often at great personal cost — to bring China’s intense crackdown in Xinjiang to light, a United Nations report released on Wednesday that largely validated their claims was a powerful, if long-delayed, vindication. | 对许多一直努力揭露中国在新疆的严厉镇压、并常常为此付出巨大个人代价的维吾尔活动人士来说，联合国周三发布的新疆人权报告基本肯定了他们的说法，为他们的可靠性提供了强有力、尽管拖延已久的证明。 |
| The 48-page report, which said that China had committed grave human rights abuses in Xinjiang, sharply undercuts Beijing’s aggressive efforts to discredit Uyghurs who dared to speak out. It also gives new momentum to the Uyghur activists’ cause and an opportunity for rights campaigners to put the issue before the U.N. Human Rights Council later this month and increase pressure on businesses to distance themselves from China. | 这份48页的报告称中国在新疆严重侵犯人权，它大大削弱了中国政府为诋毁敢于发声的维吾尔人所做的积极努力。报告也为维吾尔活动人士的事业提供了新动力，并为人权活动人士提供了机会，使他们能够在本月晚些时候将新疆人权问题提交给联合国人权理事会，并加大对企业的压力，使它们与中国保持距离。 |
| “As I was reading the entire report, I was fighting back tears,” said Rayhan Asat, a Uyghur lawyer in Washington whose brother, Ekpar, was sentenced in 2020 to 15 years in prison in Xinjiang. “It was a long-awaited recognition of the suffering of my brother and millions like him.” | “我读整篇报告时，强忍住泪水，”华盛顿的维吾尔律师莱汉·阿萨特说，她弟弟伊克帕于2020年被新疆当局判处15年监禁。“它承认了我弟弟和数百万像他那样的人的痛苦，我们为此期待已久。” |
| Many overseas Uyghurs and other activists had doubted that the United Nations office would release such a forceful report, given Beijing’s growing influence over the international body and the reluctance of Michelle Bachelet, who stepped down on Wednesday as the U.N. high commissioner for human rights, to criticize China. | 许多海外维吾尔人和其他人权活动人士曾对联合国人权办是否会发布一份措辞如此有力的报告表示怀疑。因为中国在这个国际机构的影响力越来越大，而且联合国人权事务高级专员米歇尔·巴切莱特一直不愿批评中国。（她已在周三卸任。） |
| But in the final minutes of her term in office, Ms. Bachelet’s office released a document that said China’s crackdown in Xinjiang may amount to crimes against humanity, a stark assessment that surprised some critics who felt her office was increasingly willing to pull its punches in exchange for access and better ties with Beijing. | 但在她任期的最后几分钟，巴切莱特的办公室发布了一份文件，称中国在新疆的镇压可能构成危害人类罪，这个严厉的评估令一些批评者感到惊讶，他们曾觉得她的办公室越来越不愿出手，以换取同中国政府保持接触以及更好的关系。 |
| “I am heartened that courageous survivors’ voices were given their deserved weight,” said Ms. Asat, the lawyer in Washington. She said that it was difficult to read some sections of the report, which described credible reports of torture, mistreatment and sexual assault while in custody. | “幸存者的勇敢发声得到了应有的重视，我深受鼓舞，”华盛顿的律师阿萨特说。她说，报告的某些部分让人不忍卒读，其中描述了在拘禁期间遭受酷刑、虐待和性侵犯的可信报道。 |
| “I know my brother was subject to brutal torture and all sorts of inhumane treatment,” she said, referring to his experience when he was in internment camps for three years until 2019. “I try not to think about it. It’s self-defeating and doesn’t help me remain vigilant about why I’m fighting.” | “我知道我弟弟遭受了残暴的酷刑和各种不人道的待遇，”她说，她指的是弟弟直到2019年被关在拘禁营的三年经历。“我尽量不去想它。想太多了适得其反，不能帮助我对自己为何而战保持决心。” |
| Activists said they had grown increasingly concerned during Ms. Bachelet’s final days in her job, when she hinted that the report, which had already been delayed for nearly a year, might not come out before she left. China had urged her office not to release the document and submitted lengthy replies after the government was shown a draft, per the standard procedure of the U.N. office. | 活动人士说，他们在巴切莱特任期的最后几天里越来越担心，因为她曾暗示，这份已经推迟了近一年的报告可能不会在她卸任之前发布。中国政府曾敦促她的办公室不要发布这份文件，并在收到报告草稿后，按照联合国人权办的标准程序，提交了一份冗长的回复。 |
| The United Nations attached China’s 131-page response as an annex. It called the report a “so-called ‘assessment” that was “based on disinformation and lies.” | 联合国把中国提交的131页的回复作为附录附上，它称该报告是“基于虚假信息和谎言的所谓‘评估’”。 |
| While several Uyghur activists said it would have been useful to see the report far earlier, they hoped its release would give added weight to a campaign that they say has been eclipsed by the coronavirus pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and other international issues. | 虽然一些维吾尔活动人士说早点看到这份报告会更有帮助，但他们希望报告的发布能增加人们对他们运动的支持，他们说，新冠病毒大流行、俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，以及其他国际问题，已让新疆人权问题淡出了人们的视线。 |
| “Hopefully, it will ignite another fire, and so it will get more attention from other countries, other NGOs and the U.N. and there will be more action to stop it,” said Ferkat Jawdat, a Uyghur in Virginia whose mother was imprisoned in Xinjiang and now is in isolation at her home in Urumqi, the regional capital. | “希望报告会重新燃起人们的怒火，让它得到其他国家、其他非政府组织和联合国的更多关注，为阻止新疆人权问题的继续采取更多的行动，”现居美国弗吉尼亚州的维吾尔人法卡特·乔达特说，她母亲曾被关在新疆的监狱，现在独自一人被隔离在首府乌鲁木齐家中。 |
| Some activists remained critical of the U.N. human rights organization, saying it did not go far enough in pushing China for accountability. They noted it did not call the repression in Xinjiang a “genocide,” a conclusion reached by the United States and an unofficial tribunal in Britain, even as the report outlined components of such an assessment, including a “stark” decline of Uyghur birthrates, the destruction of shrines and mosques and curbs on Uyghur language instruction. | 一些活动人士仍对联合国人权办持批评态度，认为其在追究中国的责任上走得不够远。他们指出，联合国人权办没有把中国在新疆的镇压称为“种族灭绝”，这是美国和英国的一个非官方法庭得出的结论，尽管人权办的报告概述了构成“种族灭绝”的部分内容，包括维吾尔族出生率“急剧”下降，圣地和清真寺被毁，维吾尔语的教学被限制。 |
| “Despite well-documented evidence of state-sponsored torture and the intended destruction of the entire Uyghur ethnic groups through massive concentration camps, physical and mental torture, slave labor, massive displacement, enforced sterilization to prevent population growth and separation of children from their parents, the U.N. report came short of calling the crime by name,” said Mehmet Tohti, executive director of the Ottawa-based Uyghur Rights Advocacy Project. “It seems to me that the report has gone through serious haircuts.” | “尽管有充分的证据证明存在国家支持的酷刑，以及通过大规模集中营、身体和心理折磨、奴役劳动、大规模人口迁移、强制绝育以防止人口增长、将儿童与父母分离等手段，意图毁灭整个维吾尔族的罪行，联合国的报告却没有使用这个罪名，”渥太华维吾尔权利倡导项目执行主任穆罕默德·土赫提说。“在我看来，这份报告经过了严重的删减。” |
| Still, for the those who have seen their family members imprisoned and themselves attacked publicly by the Chinese state, the report offers a victory, even as it falls short of their goal of freedom for their relatives. | 尽管如此，对于那些看到家人被关入监狱、自己则被中国政府公开攻击的人来说，这份报告是个胜利，尽管报告没有达到为他们的亲人争取自由的目标。 |
| The report gives evidence to China’s critics that they can take before the Human Rights Council, the United Nations’ leading rights body, to push for greater accountability. Rights groups have called on the council to set up formal mechanisms to investigate China for violations of international law and identify those responsible, although Beijing and nations that support it could thwart such an effort. | 该报告为中国的批评者提供了证据，让他们可以在联合国的主要权利机构人权理事会上提出，以推动更大的问责。人权组织已呼吁人权理事会建立调查中国违反国际法行为的正式机制，确定责任人，尽管中国政府以及支持中国的国家可能会阻挠这种努力。 |
| “It is imperative that nations take this report and make concrete steps toward stopping these crimes against humanity and holding China accountable for them,” said Rushan Abbas, a Uyghur American activist and former Defense Department translator whose sister was sentenced to 20 years in prison in apparent retaliation for Ms. Abbas’s efforts to speak out about the repression in Xinjiang. | “各国接受这份报告，采取具体步骤制止这些危害人类的罪行，让中国为这些罪行承担责任，这是当务之急，”美籍维吾尔活动人士、曾在美国国防部担任翻译的鲁珊·阿巴斯说，她姐姐在2018年被中国当局判处20年有期徒刑，显然是为了报复阿巴斯公开批评新疆镇压的努力。 |
| “I hope that the U.N. will use their influence and position to advocate for the freedom of all the innocent Uyghurs like my loving sister.” | “我希望联合国使用其影响力和地位，为我亲爱的姐姐和所有像她那样的无辜维吾尔人争取自由。” |
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