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| “Vesti Nedeli,” the flagship weekly roundup of Kremlin-controlled television news, recently portrayed a long history of predatory Western powers coming to grief when they invaded Russia: Sweden in the 18th century, France in the 19th, Germany in the 20th. |
| 克里姆林宫控制的旗舰电视新闻综述节目《一周要闻》最近描述了西方列强侵俄遭遇惨败的漫长历史：18世纪是瑞典、19世纪是法国、20世纪是德国。 |
| Enemies now seek to reverse those losses, said Dmitry Kiselyov, the show’s host, blaming the West for the war that Russia instigated in Ukraine. The goal to finish off Russia is “centuries old and unchanging,” he said. “Here we are on the defensive.” |
| 节目主持人德米特里·基谢廖夫说，敌人正寻求扭转这些损失，他还将俄罗斯在乌克兰挑起的战争归咎于西方。他说，消灭俄罗斯的目标是“几个世纪以来不变的”。“我们只是在自卫。” |
| In the six months since Russia invaded, the state media’s emphasis in reporting the war has gradually shifted. Gone are predictions of a lightning offensive that would obliterate Ukraine. There is less talk of being embraced as liberators who must “denazify” and demilitarize Ukraine, though the “fascist” label is still flung about with abandon. |
| 自俄罗斯入侵乌克兰六个月来，官方媒体报道这场战争的重点逐渐转移。以闪电攻势消灭乌克兰的预测已经灰飞烟灭。虽然“法西斯”的标签仍然张嘴就来，但自诩为解放者，必须将乌克兰“非纳粹化”和非军事化的说法倒是变少了。 |
| Instead, in the Kremlin version — the only one most Russians see, with all others outlawed — the battlefields of Ukraine are one facet of a wider civilizational war being waged against Russia. |
| 相反，在克里姆林宫的版本中——大多数俄罗斯人看到的唯一一个版本，所有其他版本都是非法的——乌克兰战场只是一个方面，背后还存在着针对俄罗斯的更广泛的文明战争。 |
| The reporting is less about Ukraine than “about opposing Western plans to get control of Mother Russia,” said Stanislav Kucher, a veteran Russian television host now consulting on a project to get Russians better access to banned news outlets. The United States is the main antagonist, with Europe and NATO its lackeys. |
| 俄罗斯资深电视主持人斯坦尼斯拉夫·库切尔说，这些报道与其说是关于乌克兰的，不如说是关于“反对西方控制俄罗斯母亲的计划”。美国是主要的对手，欧洲和北约是它的走狗。库切尔目前正在为一个让俄罗斯人更好地接触被禁新闻媒体的项目提供咨询。 |
| Vladimir Solovyov, a talk-show host and top cheerleader for President Vladimir V. Putin’s government, said this month that “Russia was invited to join Western society for dinner — not as a guest, but as a dish.” |
| 脱口秀主持人、普京总统的头号支持者弗拉基米尔·索洛维约夫本月表示，“俄罗斯受邀参加西方社会的晚宴——不是作为客人，而是作为一道菜。” |
| On state media, Russia is a pillar of traditional values, bound to prevail over the moral swamp that is the West. There is a daily fixation with L.G.B.T.Q. matters. To watch Russian television is to get the impression that the gay community runs the decadent Western world. For all their professed shock and horror, Russian news outlets avidly air footage with lurid depictions of gay life. |
| 在官方媒体上，俄罗斯是传统价值观的支柱，必将战胜西方的道德沼泽。LGBTQ是个经久不衰的话题。看俄罗斯的电视节目会给人留下这样一种印象：颓废的西方世界掌握在同性恋群体的手里。尽管俄罗斯新闻媒体自称深感震惊和恐惧，却热衷于播放对同性恋生活耸人听闻的描述。 |
| The extent of Russia’s staggering casualties in Ukraine remains veiled in Russian news media; only the Ukrainian military suffers extensive losses. Ukrainian civilian suffering is all but invisible. There are emotional stories about individual deaths, though the reaction is not always what the Kremlin might have hoped for. |
| 俄军在乌克兰令人震惊的伤亡仍然被俄罗斯新闻媒体所掩盖；只有乌克兰军队遭受了广泛的损失。乌克兰平民的苦难几乎是看不见的。有一些关于个体死亡的感人故事，尽管反应并不总是克里姆林宫可能希望的那样。 |
| A recent story about Senior Sgt. Aleksei A. Malov, 32, a Russian tank commander killed in the fighting, did not mention how he died. Instead, it focused on how his parents had spent what Russians call “coffin money,” a death compensation paid by the government. |
| 最近有一篇关于32岁的俄军坦克指挥官阿列克谢·马洛夫的报道，没有提及他的死因。相反，报道的重点是他的父母如何花掉俄罗斯人所谓的“棺材钱”的，也就是政府发放的一笔死亡赔偿金。 |
| “We bought a new car in memory of our son,” the father said, adding that their first trip in their white Lada Granta was to the village cemetery. |
| “我们买了一辆新车来纪念我们的儿子，”这位父亲说道。他还表示，他们第一次开这辆白色拉达格兰塔出去，就是去村里的墓地。 |
| The story, broadcast on “Vesti Nedeli,” caused an uproar. Critics of the war lambasted it as heartless, ham-handed propaganda, while supporters lauded the piece as illustrating how ordinary Russians endorse the conflict despite the toll. |
| 这个故事在《一周要闻》播出后引起轩然大波。战争的批评者指责该报道是无情、拙劣的宣传，而支持者则称赞报道说明了普通俄罗斯人还是支持这场冲突的，尽管伤亡惨重。 |
| State television has played down the mounting Ukrainian attacks on the strategically and symbolically important Crimean peninsula, but the images on social media of antiaircraft fire erupting over Crimea began to put domestic political pressure on the Kremlin to act. The visceral reality of the war, especially the fact that Russian-claimed territory was not immune, was brought home both by the strikes on Crimea and by what investigators called a premeditated assassination in Moscow. |
| 国家电视台淡化了乌克兰对克里米亚日益增加的袭击——这座半岛有着重要的战略和象征意义，但社交媒体上关于克里米亚上空的防空火力的画面开始向克里姆林宫施加国内政治压力，要求其采取行动。克里米亚遭到的袭击，以及在莫斯科的一宗被调查人员认为是预谋暗杀的案件，都让人们直观感受到了战争的现实，尤其是意识到即使在俄罗斯控制的领土上也不能免于危险。 |
| Daria Dugina, 29, the daughter of a famous nationalist and herself a hawk, was killed by a car bomb late Saturday, with official news outlets blaming Ukraine and its Western backers. |
| 29岁的达莉娅·杜金娜是一位著名民族主义者的女儿，本身也是一名鹰派人物，她在周六晚间被汽车炸弹炸死，官方新闻媒体认为凶手是乌克兰及其西方支持者。 |
| RT, a state-run television network, quoted Zakhar Prilepin, a conservative novelist and Ukraine war veteran, as saying that the West had “habituated” Ukraine to such actions. Various regular commentators on weekday political talk shows took to social media to demand that the Kremlin be tougher against Ukraine. |
| 官方电视台RT电视台援引保守派小说家、乌克兰退伍军人扎卡尔·普利平的话说，西方已经使乌克兰“习惯”了这种行为。平日政治脱口秀节目的各种常驻评论员在社交媒体上要求克里姆林宫对乌克兰采取更强硬的态度。 |
| Glimpses of the war’s cost, however, remain the exception, as news and talk shows have branched into myriad economic and social topics to try to hammer home the idea that Russia is locked in a broad conflict with the West, noted Francis Scarr of BBC Monitoring, who spends several hours daily watching Russian television. |
| 然而，每天花几个小时观看俄罗斯电视的BBC国际媒体观察部记者弗朗西斯·斯卡尔指出，战争的代价并没有得到同样的提及，新闻和脱口秀节目已经扩展到无数经济和社会话题，试图向国内强调俄罗斯与西方陷入广泛冲突的说法。 |
| Official news media blame the Western arms shipped to Ukraine for prolonging the fighting, while insisting that those weapons are not very effective. |
| 官方新闻媒体指责运往乌克兰的西方武器延长了战事，同时坚称这些武器不是很有效。 |
| Reports rarely mention the pain inflicted on Russia by Western sanctions, which are universally dismissed as impotent. Rather, they tell how sanctions hurt Westerners far more. |
| 报道很少提及西方制裁给俄罗斯带来的痛苦，这些制裁被普遍认为是不起作用的。相反，报道讲述了制裁如何对西方人造成更大的伤害。 |
| Domestic issues take a back seat to external matters, which was true even before the invasion. On Aug. 9, explosions rocked a Russian air base in Crimea, the most brazen attack on the occupied peninsula since the war started, killing at least one person and causing significant destruction, including no fewer than eight warplanes. |
| 国内问题退居外部问题之后，甚至在入侵之前也是如此。8月9日，俄罗斯克里米亚空军基地发生爆炸，成为自战争开始以来对这座被占领半岛遭受的最直接的打击，造成至少一人死亡以及巨大的破坏，其中包括损失至少八架战机。 |
| Yet, Russian prime-time shows spent far more time discussing the F.B.I. raid on former President Donald J. Trump’s home. |
| 然而，俄罗斯黄金时段的节目花更多时间讨论FBI搜查美国前总统唐纳德·J·特朗普的住所。 |
| Lev Gudkov, the research director at the Levada Center, an independent polling organization, noted that at the start of the war, television had long been a trusted, main source of information for 75 percent of Russians. The trust has since dipped, he said, after it became clear that what the Kremlin calls its “special military operation” in Ukraine would not be a cakewalk. |
| 独立民意调查机构列瓦达中心的研究主管列夫·古德科夫指出，在战争开始时，电视节目一直是75%的俄罗斯人信任的主要信息来源。他说，当克里姆林宫所谓的在乌克兰的“特别军事行动”显然看上去没那么简单后，这种信任已经下降。 |
| The older, mainstay television audience, however, is especially susceptible to anti-NATO, anti-American rhetoric, he said, because it was drilled into Russians as schoolchildren, and the idea of rebuilding the might and reach of the Soviet empire appeals to many. |
| 然而，年长的、主要的电视观众尤其容易受到反北约、反美言论的影响，他说，因为这些言论在俄罗斯人小时候就被灌输了，重建苏联帝国的力量和影响力的想法吸引了许多人。 |
| Over the long haul, analysts note, the Russian propaganda playbook offers little that is new, though the particulars change over time. Throughout the Soviet era, alarms that Western powers were bent on undermining Russia — often true — were standard fare, as were claims that those powers were crumbling. |
| 分析人士指出，从长远来看，俄罗斯的宣传手册几乎没有什么新内容，尽管具体内容会随着时间而变化。在整个苏联时代，有关西方大国一心要削弱俄罗斯——这往往是所言非虚——的警告以及这些大国正在崩溃的言论都是标准说法。 |
| The government explains European and American hostility by saying, according to Mr. Gudkov, that “Russia is getting stronger and that is why the West is trying to get in Russia’s way,” part of a general rhetorical line he described as “blatant lies and demagogy.” |
| 古德科夫认为，政府解释欧洲和美国的敌意时说，“俄罗斯正在变得越来越强大，这就是西方试图阻挠俄罗斯的原因，”他形容这种常见说辞是“公然的谎言和煽动”。 |
| Reports from eastern Ukraine inevitably depict life under Russian control as constantly improving. When news anchors cut to a live report from the front lines, the most common question is “What successes do you have to report today?” noted Mr. Scarr, of BBC Monitoring. |
| 来自乌克兰东部的报道必定会描述俄罗斯控制下的生活在不断改善。BBC国际媒体观察部的斯卡尔指出，当新闻主播从前线切入现场报道时，最常见的问题是“你今天有什么成功事件要报道？” |
| “There is an automatic spin on it,” he said. “They always talk about Russian successes and Ukrainian failures.” |
| “报道都是带有倾向的，”他说。“他们总是谈论俄罗斯的成功和乌克兰的失败。” |
| The Kremlin has not updated the Russian death toll it gave at the end of March, 1,351; U.S. officials recently estimated the number at 20,000. There are only scattered reports about heroic deaths of individual soldiers like Sergeant Malov. |
| 在三月底公布了1351名俄罗斯阵亡人数后，克里姆林宫再未做过更新；美国官员最近估计这一数字已达到2万人。对于像马洛夫中士这种个别军人的英勇牺牲，只有零星的报道。 |
| Those appalled by the report called it a crude attempt to underscore the financial benefits for the relatives of troops dying at a time when Russia is struggling to find enough soldiers. The episode was removed from the program’s online archives. |
| 对该报道深感厌恶的人称，俄罗斯现在已经没有足够的士兵可供调动，而该报道却还在强调阵亡士兵亲属的经济利益，这非常恶劣。那期报道已从该节目的网络资源库中删除。 |
| Marina Akhmedova, a Kremlin-allied journalist, suggested on Telegram that detractors were out of touch with most Russians’ reality. |
| 亲克里姆林宫的记者玛丽娜·艾哈迈多娃在Telegram上表示，批评者并不了解大多数俄罗斯人生活的现实。 |
| “Not everyone is rich enough to escape to Europe and to eat pain au chocolat in the morning,” she wrote. “For many people, a Lada is essential, as is the fact that they can get to the cemetery to talk to their son.” |
| “不是所有人都富有到能逃往欧洲，把法式巧克力面包当早餐，”她写道。“对许多人来说，一辆拉达汽车是必需品，而且现在他们能够去墓地与儿子说说话了。” |
| Critics turned the segment into a meme, a mocking antiwar slogan designed to echo a famous sticker celebrating Russia’s World War II victory. |
| 批评人士将此事做成了米姆，将庆祝俄罗斯在第二次世界大战中的胜利的著名标贴改成了一句讽刺性的反战口号。 |
| That one reads, “Thank you, grandpa, for the victory.” |
| 原来的标贴上写着，“爷爷，谢谢你的胜利。” |
| The new one says, “Thank you, son, for the car.” |
| 新口号则是，“儿子，谢谢你的汽车。” |
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