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高温干旱对中国经济造成新打击，央行宣布降息
Drought Hurts China’s Economy as Central Bank Cuts Rates

来源：纽约时报    2022-08-23 10:00



        HONG KONG — Record-high temperatures and a severe drought in west-central China have crippled hydropower generation and prompted the shutdown of many factories there, in the latest blow to a Chinese economy that already has stagnant consumer spending and a deeply troubled real estate market.
        香港——中国中西部创纪录的高温和严重干旱严重影响了水力发电，导致那里的许多工厂停工，给已面临消费支出乏力、房地产市场深陷困境等问题的中国经济带来新的打击。
        Sichuan Province in west-central China, one of China’s most populous and a fast-growing industrial base in recent years, normally generates more than three-quarters of its electricity from huge dams. The summer rainy season usually brings so much water that Sichuan sends much of its hydropower to cities and provinces as far away as Shanghai.
        位于中西部的四川是中国人口最多的省份之一，也是近年来发展迅速的工业基地，正常情况下有75%以上的电力来自大型水电站。往常每年夏天雨季的降水非常丰沛，以至于四川把相当部分的水电输送到其他城市和省份，远至上海。
        But an almost complete failure of summer rains this year, coupled with daytime highs that have regularly approached or exceeded 100 degrees Fahrenheit, has left rivers and reservoirs with fractions of their former water. The large province’s many dams cannot generate enough electricity even for Sichuan’s own needs, forcing factories there to close for up to a week at a time.
        但今年夏天几乎没有降雨，再加上白天的气温经常接近或超过摄氏40度，导致河流和水库的水量远低于往常水平。四川许多水电站的发电量已减少到不能满足本省需求的程度，迫使四川的工厂一次停工长达一周时间。
        As troubles accumulate in the Chinese economy, the country’s central bank announced on Monday that it was cutting its five-year interest rate by 0.15 percentage points, to 4.3 percent, in a move that might bring a little relief to the country’s huge construction and real estate sector. The five-year rate strongly influences the interest rate on many mortgages.
        随着中国经济面临的麻烦不断增多，中国央行周一宣布下调五年期以上贷款市场报价利率0.15个百分点，至4.3%，此举可能会为中国庞大的建筑业和房地产业带来些许缓解。五年期利率对许多按揭贷款利率有很大影响。
        The central bank also said that it was reducing a one-year interest rate by 0.05 percentage points, to 3.65 percent.
        央行还下调了一年期贷款市场报价利率0.05个百分点，至3.65%。
        Power shortages in Sichuan have not only forced the shutdown of factories there but also triggered rolling blackouts in some commercial and residential districts. Because the province’s three main rivers feed the Yangtze River, hydropower cutbacks have also started to affect downstream areas along the Yangtze, like the city of Chongqing and adjacent Hubei Province.
        四川的电力短缺不仅迫使那里的工厂停工，还引发了一些商业和住宅区的轮流停电。四川省的三条主要大河都流入长江，水电限供也开始影响到长江下游地区，如重庆市和毗邻的湖北省。
        Many companies, notably in the automotive and electronics sectors, have moved production from coastal provinces to Sichuan in recent years, drawn by the province’s lower wages.
        近年来，许多公司，尤其是汽车和电子行业的公司受四川劳动力成本低的吸引，已将生产从沿海省份转移到这里。
        These companies now face potential interruptions to their supply chains. The municipal government of Shanghai, near the mouth of the Yangtze River, sent an official request to Sichuan last week asking that the inland province prioritize electricity deliveries to auto parts manufacturers there, so that carmakers in Shanghai would not run out of key components.
        这些公司现在面临供应链受扰的可能性。位于长江口附近的上海市政府上周向四川发出正式请求，要求这个内陆省份优先向当地的汽车零部件制造商供电，以免上海的汽车制造商耗尽关键零部件。
        Shanghai announced that starting Monday evening, it would conserve electricity by temporarily turning off many of the glittering lights along the historic Bund and nearby areas.
        上海市宣布，为了节约用电，从周一晚开始暂停外滩和附近地区的部分景观照明。
        David Fishman, senior manager in Shanghai for the Lantau Group, a Hong Kong-based energy and power consulting firm, said that the power shortages in central China were not yet as serious as those that happened last September, which caused industrial power cuts and residential blackouts up and down the Chinese coast.
        香港的能源与电力咨询公司兰陶集团驻上海的高级经理余德伟(DavidFishman)说，华中地区的电力短缺问题目前不如去年9月份的严重，那次导致了中国沿海大部分地区采取工业限电、住宅停电的措施。
        Turning off lights along the Bund is more of a symbolic act of solidarity with inland provinces than a sign of power shortfalls in Shanghai itself, he said. The lights were also turned off during the coastal power shortages a year ago.
        他说，外滩停开景观灯更像是声援内陆省份的象征性做法，而不是上海本身电力短缺的表现。上海在一年前沿海电力短缺期间也关闭了景观照明。
        
        
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