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| GWANGJU, South Korea — Since 2000, Tsukasa Yajima has taken stark, poignant portraits of former sex slaves for Japan’s World War II army to help the world learn about their painful history. |
| 韩国光州——自2000年以来，矢岛宰为“二战”期间成为日本军队性奴隶的人拍摄了平白而又尖锐的肖像，帮助世界了解她们的痛苦历史。 |
| Now, the 51-year-old photographer from Japan finds himself at the center of a current scandal about the treatment of the women, more than three-quarters of a century after the end of the war, during which they were forced to have sex with Japanese soldiers. |
| 如今，这位51岁的日本摄影师发现自己正处于一桩关于这些女性遭遇的丑闻中心，在四分之三个世纪之前发生的“二战”中，这些女性被迫与日本士兵发生性关系。 |
| In the years after its founding in 1992, the House of Sharing, in Gwangju, South Korea, assumed the aura of a sacred place, where politicians and students came to meet dozens of former sex slaves, known euphemistically as “comfort women,” who had found shelter there, including the four currently in residence. |
| 自1992年成立以来，韩国光州的“分享之家”一直有着一种圣地的光环，政治人士和学生们来到这里，会见数十位曾经的性奴隶，也就是被委婉地称为“慰安妇”的女性，她们把这个地方当做庇护所，目前有四名女性居住在这里。 |
| But in the past two years, Mr. Yajima, who runs its international outreach program, along with six South Korean workers at the shelter have accused managers of housing the women, all now in their 90s, in a substandard nursing facility while collecting millions of dollars in donations to enrich South Korea’s biggest and most powerful Buddhist order, Jogye. |
| 但在过去两年里，负责该组织国际推广项目的矢岛宰和庇护所的六名韩国工作人员对管理层发出指责，称他们把这些现已90多岁的女性安置在一个条件低劣的护理设施里，同时却在收取数以百万计美元的捐款，这些捐款最终落入了韩国规模最大、最有势力的佛教团体曹溪宗囊中。 |
| Although the donations were collected for the women’s welfare, little has been used for them, Mr. Yajima and the other whistle-blowers said. Instead, they said, the managers saved the money for Jogye to expand the shelter into a future luxury nursing home for those who can afford to pay — once the women living there now have all died. |
| 矢岛宰等举报人说，虽然这些捐款是为这些女性的福利而筹集的，但几乎没有用于她们身上。相反，他们说管理者把钱给了曹溪宗，以便等目前住在那里的女性全部去世后，把这个庇护所扩建成豪华养老院，供出得起钱的人使用。 |
| “It’s important to preserve the House of Sharing as a place of historical and educational value, as wartime sexual violence against women continues to happen in today’s world, in places like Ukraine,” Mr. Yajima said. “Their plan to turn it into a common nursing home is a project of eradicating history.” |
| “将‘分享之家’作为一个具有历史价值和教育价值的地方保护起来，这是很重要的，因为在当今世界，在乌克兰等地，战时针对女性的性暴力仍在发生，”矢岛宰说。“他们要把这里变成普通养老院，这是一个抹去历史的计划。” |
| The whistle-blowing led to criminal indictments. Two former managers are on trial on fraud, embezzlement and other criminal charges. The shelter’s board members, including one of the country’s most prominent Buddhist monks, were fired for negligence. Angry donors have sued the House of Sharing, demanding their money back. Donations plummeted to $35,300 in the first six months of this year, down from $1.9 million in 2019. |
| 此次举报引发了刑事起诉。两名前管理者因欺诈、挪用公款和其他刑事指控而受审。庇护所的董事会成员，包括该国最著名的佛教僧侣之一因玩忽职守被解雇。愤怒的捐赠者起诉了“分享之家”，要求退还钱款。今年上半年，捐款从2019年的190万美元暴跌至3.53万美元。 |
| While they have won praise for their actions, Mr. Yajima and the other whistle-blowers have also had to pay a price for what they exposed. |
| 虽然他们的行为赢得了赞誉，但矢岛宰和其他举报者也不得不为他们所揭露的事情付出代价。 |
| The shelter’s new and former managers and people close to them have filed dozens of defamation and other lawsuits against the whistle-blowers, accusing them of spreading false rumors. |
| 庇护所的新任和前任管理者，以及与他们关系密切的人，已经对举报人提起了数十起诽谤和其他诉讼，指控他们散布谣言。 |
| As a Japanese national, Mr. Yajima has been a focus of much of the backlash. The sexual slavery of so-called comfort women is the most emotional of the many historical disputes that have strained ties between South Korea and Japan, the two most important allies of the United States in East Asia. |
| 作为一名日本公民，矢岛宰一直是后续负面反应的焦点。由于诸多历史争端，韩国和日本这两个美国在东亚最重要的盟友一直关系紧张，而称为慰安妇的性奴正是其中最容易触发情绪的问题。 |
| “Why the hell is a Japanese employee hired in this place for comfort women?” read a banner hung on the wall of a House of Sharing building where Mr. Yajima worked. People close to the managers threw ethnic slurs at him, according to the findings of a human rights center. |
| “为什么这个地方雇日本人照顾慰安妇？”矢岛宰工作的“分享之家”大楼墙上挂着一条横幅。一家人权中心的调查结果显示，与这些管理者关系密切的人对他使用了种族歧视用语。 |
| Four of the seven whistle-blowers quit last month, complaining about harassment. |
| 七名举报者中有四人上个月辞职，称他们受到骚扰。 |
| But not Mr. Yajima, who has insisted on staying on. |
| 但矢岛宰没有离开，他坚持要留下来。 |
| His campaign has raised important questions for South Korea, said Lim Mi-ri, a professor at Korea University in Seoul. Ms. Lim said the women were taken to conferences and protest rallies where they were treated as an inviolable symbol of Korea’s suffering under Japanese colonial rule and warriors for historical justice. But few asked how the women actually lived behind the scenes. |
| 首尔高丽大学教授林美利（音）说，矢岛宰的活动为韩国提出了重要问题。林美利说，这些女性被带到会议和抗议集会上，被视为韩国在日本殖民统治下遭受苦难的象征，以及为历史正义而战的勇士，是极为宝贵的。但很少有人过问这些女性在幕后的生活。 |
| “Yajima is one of the rare activists I know who focused on comfort women as individual humans while the rest of the campaign tended to objectify them as victims and use them for a political agenda or fund-raising,” Ms. Lim said. |
| “在我认识的活动人士中，矢岛宰是少有的几位把慰安妇作为个体来关注的人，其他活动人士则倾向于把她们物化为受害者，利用她们来推动政治议程或筹款，”林美利说。 |
| Mr. Yajima said he became interested in feminism and Japan’s colonial era when he studied history at Waseda University in Tokyo. He began visiting the House of Sharing in 2000, initially working there as a translator and photographer from 2003 to 2006. |
| 矢岛宰说，他在东京早稻田大学学习历史时，对女权主义和日本殖民时代产生了兴趣。他从2000年开始访问“分享之家”，最早是在2003年至2006年间担任那里的翻译和摄影师。 |
| “In my photos, I try to show the women’s collective image as victims, but also the women as individuals with personalities,” Mr. Yajima said. “If you get to live and eat with them as I have, developing a grandmother and grandchild-like relationship, you get to see things that occasional visitors can’t. People see them as heroic warriors. But when they are among themselves, they can also argue like kindergartners over matters like who was given one more candy when donated goods were divided.” |
| “在我的照片里，我试图展示女性作为受害者的集体形象，同时也展示女性作为充满个性的个体形象。”矢岛宰说。“如果你能像我一样，和她们一起生活、一起吃饭，建立起一种祖母和孙辈般的关系，你就能看到一些偶尔来访者看不到的东西。人们把她们视为英勇的战士。但当她们在一起的时候，也会像幼儿园的孩子一样争吵，比如在分配捐赠物品时，谁多得到了一颗糖果。” |
| In 2006, Mr. Yajima moved to Germany, where he continued to work for the women’s cause. He helped organize lectures and photo exhibitions and invited one of the women to share her story. By the time he returned to the House of Sharing in 2019, what he saw deeply troubled him. |
| 2006年，矢岛宰搬到了德国，在那里继续为女性事业工作。他帮助组织讲座和摄影展，并邀请其中一名女性分享她的故事。2019年，当他回到“分享之家”时，眼前的景象让他深感不安。 |
| When a woman fell from a broken bed, the managers refused to take her to the hospital or buy a new bed, he said. When the women’s living quarters were renovated, their belongings were stacked outside, exposed to a monsoon rain. In a manager’s desk drawers, the whistle-blowers found cash donations from abroad that were not properly registered in the books. |
| 他说，一名女性从一张破床上摔下来，管理者拒绝送她去医院，也拒绝购买一张新床。在翻新生活区时，她们的物品被堆放在外面，暴露在雨季的雨水中。在一位管理者的办公桌抽屉里，举报人发现了没有正确登记在账簿上的国外现金捐赠。 |
| An investigation by a joint panel of government officials and civilian experts confirmed most of the whistle-blowers’ accusations and more. |
| 政府官员和民间专家联合小组进行的调查证实了大部分举报人的指控，甚至还有更多。 |
| In its 366-page report, viewed by The New York Times, the panel said the House of Sharing had “mobilized” its comfort women for fund-raising events while it denied them personal outings. Staffers emotionally abused them, threatening to “abandon them out on the street.” The panel said that the House of Sharing collected $6.8 million in cash donations between 2015 and 2019. But it only used $154,000 for the operation of the living quarters where the women “lived in a below-average nursing home facility.” |
| 在《纽约时报》看到的这份长达366页的报告中，该委员会称，“分享之家”曾“动员”慰安妇参加筹款活动，同时拒绝让她们私下外出。工作人员对她们进行情感虐待，威胁说要“把她们扔到大街上”。该小组说，“分享之家”在2015年至2019年期间筹集了680万美元的现金捐款。但只花了15.4万美元用于维持生活区的运转，她们“居住在一个低于平均水平的养老院设施中”。 |
| “Collecting donations with a promise to use them for the comfort women, their welfare and their activities but not using the money for them is an act of defrauding the people,” it said. |
| “收受捐款并承诺将其用于慰安妇，以及她们的福利和活动，但却没有将钱用于她们，这是欺骗国民的行为，”委员会表示。 |
| The House of Sharing has made “mistakes” and “violated” the laws governing donations, said the Venerable Seonghwa, a Buddhist monk Jogye appointed in May to head its board of directors. |
| 今年5月被曹溪宗任命为“分享之家”理事会会长的圣华法师（音）表示“分享之家”犯了“错误”，“违反了”有关捐赠的法律。 |
| But Seonghwa said that the women were getting enough financial support — $2,600 a month, as well as a $10,810 annual medical stipend — from the government. They had little use for the cash donated from citizens, he said. |
| 但圣华说，这些女性从政府那里得到了足够的经济支持——每月2600美元，以及每年10810美元的医疗津贴。他说，公民捐赠的现金几乎没有可用的地方。 |
| And the plan to transform the shelter into a luxury nursing home has been discussed as an option in a country struggling with a rapidly aging population. But the plan has never been formalized, he said. Seonghwa stressed that the future of the shelter will be decided through consultations with the government. |
| 在一个努力应对人口迅速老龄化的国家，将庇护所改造成豪华疗养院的计划已成讨论中的一个选择。但他说，该计划从未正式确定。圣华强调，庇护所的未来将通过与政府协商决定。 |
| “We are correcting problems we have found and working hard to take the best care of the comfort women until the last of them dies,” he said. |
| 他说：“我们正在纠正我们发现的问题，并努力为慰安妇提供最好的照顾，直到她们中的最后一个人去世。” |
| During recent visits, the House of Sharing’s 3.4-acre compound looked peaceful. The bronze bust statues of former sex slaves greeted visitors at the gate. Its museum featured a recreation of a so-called comfort station, a Japanese military-run brothel, where the women were forced to have sex with dozens of Japanese soldiers every day. |
| 在最近的访问中，“分享之家”占地3.4公亩的大院看起来很平静。立在门口的慰安妇青铜半身像迎接着访客的到来。它的博物馆有一个所谓的慰安所，也就是日本军方经营的妓院，女性在那里每天被迫与数十名日本士兵发生性关系。 |
| “I will never forget the war crimes of Japan,” reads the epitaph for Lee Yong-nyo, one of the eight former residents of the facility buried in a memorial garden. |
| “我永远不会忘记日本的战争罪行，”李容女（音）的墓志铭上写着，她是八名现葬在纪念花园中的“分享之家”居民之一。 |
| At the center of the compound was a two-story building where four of South Korea’s 11 surviving comfort women were spending their final days. The number of caregivers has been doubled to 10, allowing for round-the-clock service for the women, aged 92 to 98 — an improvement implemented by the managers in the wake of the whistle-blowing. |
| 在大院的中心是一栋两层楼的建筑，11名仍在世的韩国慰安妇中有四名正在这里度过晚年。护理人员的数量翻了一番，达到10人，为92至98岁的女性提供全天候服务——这是在举报后管理人员实施的一项改进。 |
| But the women’s ability to demand better treatment has atrophied, said Heo Jeong-a, a former caregiver who joined Mr. Yajima in the whistle-blowing. |
| 但与矢岛宰一起举报的前护理人员许正雅（音）表示，这些女性正渐渐失去提出改善待遇诉求的能力。 |
| Frail and suffering various degrees of dementia, the women seemed mostly oblivious to the turmoil engulfing their shelter. During a recent visit, a Times reporter was allowed into the women’s living quarters and talked to a few women who seemed more cognizant than the others. |
| 她们身体虚弱，存在不同程度的失智症状，对她们的庇护所卷入的风暴几乎没什么知觉。在最近的一次访问中，时报的一名记者被允许进入她们的生活区，并与几位看上去认知相对较为清晰的女性交谈。 |
| “I have food, clothes and a place to live here,” said Lee Ok-sun, 95, taken to China to work in military brothels when she was 15 and who lived there until she was offered shelter in the House of Sharing in 2001. “It keeps me warm in winter and cool in summer.” |
| “我有食物、衣服和住的地方，”95岁的李玉善（音）说，她在15岁时被带到中国，在那里的慰安所工作，并一直住在中国，直到2001年“分享之家”为她提供庇护。“这里冬暖夏凉。” |
| Such an answer didn’t surprise Mr. Yajima. |
| 这样的回答并没有让矢岛宰感到意外。 |
| “They had such a hard life in China and elsewhere that they say they are OK with what they get,” he said. “But they deserved the best care we could provide, and we have failed.” |
| “她们在中国和其他地方过着如此艰难的生活，以至于她们对所得到的一切都说好，”他说。“但她们应该得到我们所能提供的最好的照顾，我们没有做到。” |
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