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| ZAPORIZHZHIA, Ukraine — They sneak down darkened alleys to set explosives. They identify Russian targets for Ukrainian artillery and long-range rockets provided by the United States. They blow up rail lines and assassinate officials they consider collaborators with the Russians. |
| 乌克兰扎波里日亚——他们潜入阴暗的巷道安放炸药。他们为乌克兰的火炮和美国提供的远程火箭炮识别俄军目标。他们炸断铁路，刺杀他们认为在通俄的官员。 |
| Slipping back and forth across the front lines, the guerrilla fighters are known in Ukraine as partisans, and in recent weeks they have taken an ever more prominent role in the war, rattling Russian forces by helping deliver humiliating blows in occupied areas they thought were safe. |
| 这些游走于前线两边的战斗人员在乌克兰被称为“游击队”，近几周，他们在这场战争中起到了更显眼的作用，给俄军以为安全无虞的占领区带去羞辱性的打击，令他们惊慌失措。 |
| Increasingly, Ukraine is taking the fight against Russian forces into Russian-controlled areas, whether with elite military units, like the one credited on Tuesday with a huge explosion at a Russian ammunition depot in the occupied Crimean Peninsula, or an underground network of the guerrillas. |
| 乌克兰正在越来越多地将战火烧到俄罗斯控制的区域，有时是通过精英特战单位，比如周二在俄据克里米亚半岛一处俄军弹药库的大爆炸，有时是通过游击队员的地下网络。 |
| Last week, Ukrainian officials said, the partisans had a hand in a successful strike on a Russian air base, also in Crimea, which Moscow annexed eight years ago. It destroyed eight fighter jets. |
| 上周，乌克兰官员称游击队员在一次针对俄罗斯空军基地的成功打击中也发挥了作用，该基地也在八年前被莫斯科吞并的克里米亚。该行动摧毁了八架战斗机。 |
| “The goal is to show the occupiers that they are not at home, that they should not settle in, that they should not sleep comfortably,” said one guerrilla fighter, who spoke on condition that, for security reasons, he only be identified by his code name, Svarog, after a pagan Slavic god of fire. |
| “目的是让占领者知道这不是他们的家，他们别想安顿下来，别想睡个好觉，”一位游击队员说，出于安全考虑，他要求只使用他的呼号“斯瓦罗格”——来自斯拉夫神话中的火神。 |
| In recent days the Ukrainian military made Svarog and several other of the operatives available for interviews in person or online, hoping to highlight the partisans’ widening threat to Russian forces and signal to Western donors that Ukraine is successfully rallying local resources in the war, now nearly six months old. A senior Ukrainian military official familiar with the program also described the workings of the resistance. |
| 乌克兰军方近日安排了包括斯瓦罗格在内的多位游击队员接受当面或在线采访，希望突显游击队给俄军构成了越来越大的威胁，并向西方的捐助者说明，乌克兰正在这场已经持续近六个月战争中成功地团结地方的资源。一位了解该项目的乌克兰高级军官也描述了抵抗力量的运作。 |
| Their accounts of attacks could not be verified completely but aligned with reports in the Ukrainian media and with descriptions from Ukrainians who had recently fled Russian-occupied areas. |
| 他们对这些袭击的陈述无法得到全面证实，但与乌克兰媒体的报道以及近日从俄占区逃离的乌克兰人的描述相符。 |
| Svarog and I met over lemonade and cheese pastries at a Georgian restaurant in Zaporizhzhia, a city under Ukrainian control about 65 miles north of the occupied town of Melitopol. |
| 斯瓦罗格和我在扎波里日亚一家格鲁吉亚餐馆见面，我们点了柠檬水和奶酪面点，这座由乌克兰控制的城市位于已被占领的马里乌波尔以北约100公里。 |
| He spoke with intimate knowledge of partisan activities, providing a rare glimpse into one of the most hidden aspects of the war. |
| 他透露的一些有关游击队活动的信息是不为外人所知的，这让我们有了一个难得的机会，可以了解这场战争最为隐秘的一面。 |
| The Ukrainian military began training partisans in the months before the invasion, as Russia massed troops near the borders. The effort has paid off in recent weeks as Ukrainian forces are pressing a counteroffensive in the south, although Russian forces, with far greater advantages in heavy weapons, still surround Ukraine from the east and north. |
| 乌克兰军方在入侵几个月前就已经开始训练游击队员，当时俄军正在边境大举集结。随着乌军在南部酝酿一场反攻，这种未雨绸缪的行动得到了回报，不过在重型武器上拥有优势的俄军仍然在东部和北部包围着乌克兰。 |
| Ukrainian officials warned on Tuesday of the threat of a potential Russian attack from Belarus, noting a buildup of missile systems there, and said Russian forces were expending tens of thousands of rounds a day as they shelled hundreds of defensive positions in eastern and southern Ukraine. |
| 乌克兰官员在周二警告称，俄罗斯可能会从白俄罗斯发起一场进攻，他表示那里在集结导弹系统，此外正在对乌克兰东部、南部防御阵地进行炮击的俄军每天消耗弹药达到数万枚。 |
| With little movement of the front lines, insurgent activity is now intensifying, as the fighters strike stealthily in environs they know intimately, using car bombs, booby traps and targeted killings with pistols — and then blending into the local population. |
| 在前线几乎保持不变的情况下，后方滋扰活动在加剧，战斗人员在他们熟悉的地方展开秘密行动，手段包括汽车炸弹、诡雷以及用手枪射杀目标人物——事后迅速消失在当地人群之中。 |
| Before the war, Svarog occasionally joined weekend training with Right Sector and National Corps, a branch of the Azov movement, both of which are aligned with paramilitary units in Ukraine. They were just two of dozens of organizations running military training for civilians throughout Ukraine during the eight-year war with Russian-backed separatists. |
| 战前，斯瓦罗格偶尔会参加“右区”和亚速运动的分支“国民军团”的周末训练，这两个组织都在与乌克兰准军事部队合作。在与俄罗斯支持的分裂分子的八年战争中，有几十个组织在乌克兰各地为平民进行军事训练，这只是其中的两个。 |
| Svarog said he was among the trainees in these public programs. Behind the scenes, Ukraine’s Special Operations Forces were forming a more structured, and secret, program that included instruction on sabotage, explosives and stashing weapon caches in anticipation of Russia’s attack. |
| 斯瓦罗格说，他是这些公共项目的受训者之一。在幕后，乌克兰特种作战部队正在组建一个更有组织、更秘密的项目，包括指导为应对俄罗斯的袭击而进行的破坏、爆炸以及藏匿武器。 |
| After the invasion, Svarog said, he was directed to a storage shed outside Melitopol, where he found slabs of high explosives, detonators, Kalashnikov rifles, a grenade launcher and two pistols equipped with silencers. |
| 斯瓦罗格说，入侵后，他被指示前往梅利托波尔城外的一个仓库，在那里他发现了大量炸药、雷管、卡拉什尼科夫步枪、一个榴弹发射器和两支配有消音器的手枪。 |
| Melitopol, the southern Ukrainian town where Svarog operates, has since emerged as a center of the resistance. He recounted the careful casing of targets, followed by attacks. |
| 斯瓦罗格所在的乌克兰南部城市梅利托波尔自此成为了抵抗运动的中心。他讲述了对目标人物进行细致的侦察，以及随后的袭击。 |
| By Saturday, partisans had struck with explosives seven days in a row, according to the town’s exiled mayor, Ivan Fedorov, who boasted of the achievement to Ukrainian media as part of the more public embrace of partisan operations by officials. |
| 据已经逃亡的市长伊万·费多罗夫说，截至周六，游击队已经连续七天进行爆炸袭击。费多罗夫向乌克兰媒体夸耀这一成就，称这是官员们更公开地支持游击队行动的一部分。 |
| The attacks have been going on for several months. This spring, Svarog said, he and several members of the cell in Melitopol sneaked through the town at night to booby-trap a car in the parking lot of a Russian-controlled police station. |
| 这些袭击已经持续了好几个月。斯瓦罗格说，今年春天，他和梅利托波尔的几个小组成员在夜里潜入市区，在俄罗斯控制的警察局停车场里给一辆汽车安装诡雷。 |
| Carrying wire cutters, tape and fishing line, the fighters moved through courtyards and back alleys to avoid Russian checkpoints. |
| 他们带着剪线钳、胶带和钓鱼线，穿过院子和后巷，避开俄罗斯的检查站。 |
| They first cut an electrical wire, blacking out a streetlight, then dashed quickly into the darkness where they planted a bomb, wrapped in tape with the sticky side facing outward, into a wheel well. The fishing line was taped both to the inside of the wheel and to a detonator, rigging the bomb to explode when the wheel turned. |
| 他们先是切断了一根电线，熄灭了一盏路灯，然后迅速冲进黑暗中，将一枚用胶带包裹、粘性面朝外的炸弹安放在轮仓空隙处。用鱼线把引爆器绑在轮子内侧，这样，当轮子转动时，炸弹就会爆炸。 |
| “Anybody who would drive that car would be a traitor,” Svarog said. “Nobody there is keeping public order.” The bomb killed one police officer and wounded another. |
| “开那辆车的人都是叛徒，”斯瓦罗格说。“那里没有人在维持公共秩序。”炸弹造成一名警察死亡，另一名警察受伤。 |
| In a strike last week, he said, his cell booby-trapped the car of Oleg Shostak, a Ukrainian who had joined the Russian political party United Russia in Melitopol. The insurgents targeted him because they suspected him of tailoring propaganda to appeal to local residents. |
| 他说，在上周的一次袭击中，他的小组在奥列格·肖斯塔克的车上设了诡雷。肖斯塔克是乌克兰人，在梅利托波尔加入了俄罗斯政党统一俄罗斯党。抵抗力量将他定为目标，是因为他们怀疑他在根据当地居民的特点制作有吸引力的宣传材料。 |
| Svarog, who said he did not take part in this particular mission, said his team placed a bomb under the driver’s seat, rigged to explode when the engine started. |
| 斯瓦罗格说他没有参加这次特别任务，他说他的团队在驾驶员座位下放置了一枚炸弹，在引擎启动时引爆。 |
| Mr. Shostak was wounded in the explosion but survived, said Mr. Fedorov, the exiled mayor. The attack was separately reported by Ukrainian authorities and described by displaced people leaving Melitopol through a checkpoint to Ukrainian territory on Sunday. |
| 流亡的市长费多罗夫称，肖斯塔克在爆炸中受伤，但活了下来。乌克兰当局另行报告了这起袭击事件，周日通过检查站离开梅利托波尔、迁往乌克兰控制区的人也描述了这次袭击。 |
| Whether targeted people survive or die in the attacks, partisans say, is less important than the signal sent with each strike: You are never safe. |
| 游击队员说，比起目标人物在袭击中的生死，更重要的是每次袭击所发出的信号：你永远都不安全。 |
| Under a Ukrainian law passed by Parliament last year, the military’s Special Operations Forces are authorized to train, arm and pay secret combatants fighting on Ukrainian territory in time of war. In the law, they are called “community volunteers.” |
| 根据乌克兰议会去年通过的一项法律，军方的特种作战部队有权在战争期间训练、武装在乌克兰领土上作战的秘密作战人员，并为其支付费用。在法律上，他们被称为“社区志愿者”。 |
| The partisans say they are civilians and the legal basis for their activity is therefore regulated under the Ukrainian law, not the laws of war that prohibit, for example, a soldier from targeting a civilian official. |
| 这些游击队员表示，他们是平民，因此，他们的活动依据的是乌克兰法律，而不是禁止士兵针对文职官员等人员采取行动的战争法。 |
| But under international law civilians become combatants when they start taking part in hostilities. The partisans work for the government, even the military, and whether the murky area they inhabit does in fact fall under international law — and whether their activities violate those rules — is a matter for debate. |
| 但根据国际法，当平民开始参与敌对行动时，他们就成为战斗人员。这些游击队员为政府甚至军方工作，他们所处的灰色地带是否实际上属于国际法范畴——以及他们的活动是否违反国际法——是有待商榷的。 |
| Not all their activities are violent. Separately, two partisans operating in occupied southeastern Ukraine described a branch of the underground called Yellow Ribbon, which posts leaflets and spray paints graffiti. |
| 并非所有活动都是暴力的。在被占领的乌克兰东南部活动的两名游击队成员另外描述了一个名为“黄丝带”的地下组织分支，该机构张贴传单并喷绘涂鸦。 |
| The bases on Ukrainian territory where operatives are trained are moved constantly to avoid discovery, according to a senior Ukrainian military official. The official spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive military information. |
| 一名乌克兰高级军官表示，为避免被发现，乌克兰境内训练特工的基地一直在转移。由于讨论的是敏感的军事信息，这名官员要求匿名。 |
| Each operative has a different a role to play, the official said: scouting a target, gathering intelligence on a target’s movements, and carrying out an attack. Individual cells are kept separate and do not know one another, lest a detained partisan reveal identities under interrogation. |
| 他说每名特工都有不同的任务：侦察目标，收集关于目标行动的情报，以及实施袭击。每个小组都是独立的，互不认识，以免被逮捕的游击队员在审讯中暴露他人身份。 |
| Two entities within the military are responsible for overseeing operations behind enemy lines, the official said: the military intelligence service, known as HUR, and Ukraine’s Special Operations Forces. An interagency task force oversees operations of both the intelligence agency and Special Operations Forces branches of the underground, what is known as the Resistance Movement, or Rukh Oporu in Ukrainian. |
| 这名官员表示，军方内部有两个实体负责监督敌后行动：军事情报部门（简称HUR）和乌克兰特种作战部队。一个跨部门的特别小组负责监督情报机构和特种作战部队的地下分支行动，该小组被称为“抵抗运动”，乌克兰语是Rukh Oporu。 |
| The official described a poisoning in the Zaporizhzhia region that killed around 15 Russian soldiers and the sabotage of a grain elevator, in the Kherson region, that prevented Russian forces from stealing 60,000 tons of grain. Neither operation could be independently verified. |
| 这名官员还描述了扎波里日亚地区一起导致约15名俄罗斯士兵死亡的投毒事件，以及在科尔森地区破坏一个谷仓的事件，该事件阻止了俄罗斯军队盗窃6万吨谷物。这两项行动都无法得到独立消息来源的证实。 |
| Partisans were also behind an explosion on Saturday that disabled a railroad bridge connecting Melitopol to Crimea, halting the supply of military equipment coming into the Zaporizhzhia region. |
| 周六，一处连接梅利托波尔和克里米亚的铁路桥发生爆炸，导致通往扎波里日亚地区的军事装备供应中断，这也是游击队所为。 |
| The partisans are searching for those they consider traitors, too. |
| 游击队还在寻找他们认为是叛徒的人。 |
| The Ukrainian underground in occupied territory considers police officers, municipal and regional government employees and teachers who agree to work under the Russian educational curriculum as collaborators, according to Svarog and another partisan using the nickname Viking. They said they did not see doctors, firefighters and employees of utility companies as traitors. |
| 据斯瓦罗格和另一名绰号“维京人”的游击队员称，敌占区的乌克兰地下组织将警察、市政和地区政府雇员和同意采用俄罗斯教纲的教师视为通敌者。他们说，他们没有将医生、消防员和公用事业公司的员工视为叛徒。 |
| Teachers are a focus now, with schools scheduled to open in September. |
| 教师是现在的焦点，因为学校计划在9月开学。 |
| “The Russians want to teach by their program, not the truth,” Viking said. “A child is vulnerable to propaganda and if raised in this program, will become an idiot like the Russians,” he said. “A teacher who agrees to teach by the Russian program is a collaborator.” |
| “俄罗斯人想教授他们的教学大纲，而不是真相，”维京人说。“一个孩子很容易受到宣传的影响，如果在这种教育中长大，就会变成像俄罗斯人一样的白痴，”他说。“同意按照俄罗斯教纲授课的老师就是通敌者。” |
| Partisans will not attack teachers, he said, but have sought to humiliate them through leaflets they often post on utility poles with dark warnings for collaborators, as part of their psychological operations. |
| 他说，游击队不会攻击教师，但会试图通过在电线杆上张贴向通敌者发出黑色警告的传单来羞辱他们，作为他们心理战的一部分。 |
| One went up recently, he said, with the names and photographs of principals planning to open schools in September. |
| 他说，最近贴的一张上面有计划在9月开学的校长的姓名和照片。 |
| It said: “For collaborating with the Russians, there will be payback.” |
| 传单上写道：“与俄罗斯人合作，将会遭到报复。” |
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