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| One month after President Vladimir V. Putin ordered his military forces to invade Ukraine, Russia has triggered a humanitarian catastrophe unseen in Europe since the end of World War II while achieving almost none of its military objectives. |
| 在普京总统命俄军入侵乌克兰一个月后，俄罗斯引发了自“二战”以来欧洲所未见的人道灾难，同时也几乎没有实现任何军事目标。 |
| Ukraine’s major cities remain under government control, including the capital, Kyiv. Moscow had hoped to quickly topple the government of President Volodymyr Zelensky, which Mr. Putin said was controlled by “Nazis,” but the Ukrainian leader has not only survived but continues to inspire resistance at home. |
| 包括首都基辅在内的乌克兰主要城市仍处于政府的控制之下。莫斯科一度希望迅速推翻泽连斯基总统的政权——普京称其被“纳粹”掌控，但这位乌克兰领导人不仅挺了过来，还继续在国内鼓舞民众奋起抵抗。 |
| But the toll on civilians grows by the hour. Half the nation’s 7.5 million children have been forced from their homes. |
| 但平民死亡人数时刻都在增加。全国750万儿童中，半数已经被迫离开家园。 |
| Millions more civilians are stranded in cities and towns being bombarded daily by Russian forces. Across eastern and southern Ukraine, peaceful villages are in ruins, Russian forces have destroyed critical infrastructure, leaving vast swaths of the country without power, heat and water. Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians now sleep in basements, subway stations and bomb shelters hoping they will be alive to see the dawn. |
| 还有被困在城镇的数以百万计平民，每天都要遭受俄军的轰炸。在乌克兰东部和南部，平静的村庄已成废墟，俄军摧毁了关键基础设施，导致该国大片地区断电断水，也没有暖气。成千上万的乌克兰人现在睡在地下室、地铁站和防空洞里，希望能看到第二天的黎明。 |
| The war is far from over and military analysts suggest it could turn into a grueling war of attrition, where Russia will have the advantage of vastly superior weapons and an army that is many times larger than that of its smaller neighbor. |
| 这场战争远未到结束的时候，军事专家认为，它可能会变成一场艰苦的消耗战，拥有比这个小邻国先进得多的武器，军队规模也大上数倍的俄罗斯会更有优势。 |
| Here is a look back at the first month of the war: |
| 以下是对战争首月情况的回顾： |
| Week One |
| 第一周 |
| Feb. 24 to March 3 |
| 2月24日至3月3日 |
| Explosions began thundering across Ukraine before 5 a.m. on Feb. 24, minutes after President Putin declared the start of a “special military operation” to “demilitarize” Ukraine. |
| 2月24日未过凌晨5点之时，普京总统刚宣布将开始一项旨在将乌克兰“去军事化”的“特别军事行动”，乌克兰各地就响起了爆炸声。 |
| Russian troops attacked from Belarus, pushing south though the highly radioactive Chernobyl exclusion zone, as they advanced toward Kyiv. In the south, Russian tanks and soldiers blazed out of staging positions in Crimea, which Russia annexed in 2014. Those forces were joined by naval infantry who came ashore in amphibious assaults, and Russia moved quickly to secure territory along the coasts of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. |
| 俄军从白俄罗斯发起进攻，向南推进，穿过存在严重辐射的切尔诺贝利禁区，向基辅挺进。在南部，俄军坦克和士兵从2014年被俄罗斯吞并的克里米亚集结地出发。除此之外，海军步兵通过协同作战登陆，迅速采取夺取黑海和亚速海沿岸区域。 |
| Kherson became the first major Ukrainian city to fall. Russian troops also gained ground to the east as they moved on Mariupol. There were fears that the vital southern port city could soon be encircled by Russian forces. |
| 赫尔松成为首个沦陷的乌克兰大城市。随着俄军向马里乌波尔推进，他们在东部战线也取得进展。一些人担心这个关键的南部港口城市可能很快会被俄军包围。 |
| In the east, the Russian military used the breakaway regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, controlled by Russian-back forces, as a springboard to launch devastating assaults, including against Ukraine’s second largest city, Kharkiv. |
| 在东部，俄军将由俄罗斯支持势力控制的分离地区顿涅茨克和卢甘斯克作为跳板，对包括乌克兰第二大城市哈尔科夫在内的地区发起凶狠的攻击。 |
| In just seven days, one million people fled the country, according to the United Nations. Millions more sought safety in the western reaches of Ukraine. |
| 据联合国统计，短短七天之内就有100万人逃离乌克兰。还有数以百万计的民众在乌克兰西部地区寻求安全庇护。 |
| A vast network of Ukrainian volunteers emerged to help those stranded in the cities under assault. Martial law was declared, forbidding men between the ages of 18 and 60 from leaving the country, and tens of thousands of Ukrainians picked up weapons for the first time as they joined territorial defense units. |
| 一个庞大的乌克兰志愿者网络出现，帮助那些被困在遇袭城市中的民众。乌克兰宣布戒严令，禁止18岁到60岁的男性离开该国。成千上万的乌克兰人加入国土防御部队，人生中第一次拿起了武器。 |
| Alcohol was banned and restaurants around the country emptied their glass bottles so they could be used for Molotov cocktails. |
| 酒精禁止出售，全国各地的餐馆都倒空了玻璃瓶，准备制作燃烧弹。 |
| President Biden warned in a defiant State of the Union address that Mr. Putin “has no idea what’s coming.” Western allies, moving swiftly and largely in unison, imposed a sweeping package of sanctions that left the Russian economy reeling. |
| 拜登总统在措辞强硬的国情咨文演讲中警告称，普京“根本不知道自己将面对什么后果”。西方盟国采取了基本一致的迅速行动，对俄罗斯实施了一揽子全面制裁，使其经济陷入困境。 |
| Russian artillery and rocket fire was increasingly aimed at civilian infrastructure, cutting off essentials like electricity, medicine, water and heat. In Kyiv alone, 15,000 people started sleeping in the subways. |
| 俄军的炮火越来越多地瞄准民用基础设施，切断了电力、药品、饮水和暖气等必需物资。仅在基辅，就有1.5万民众开始在地铁里过夜。 |
| “We’ve hardly slept for seven nights,” President Zelensky said after one week of war. But he added, “Today you, Ukrainians, are a symbol of invincibility.” |
| “这七晚我们几乎夜夜难眠，”泽连斯基总统在战争进行一周后表示。但他还说，“今天的乌克兰人，你们是不可战胜的象征。” |
| Week Two |
| 第二周 |
| March 3-10 |
| 3月3日至10日 |
| As Russia continued to bombard cities across Ukraine, the war began to exact an increasing toll beyond the battlefield and inside Russia itself. |
| 随着俄罗斯继续轰炸乌克兰各城市，这场战争在战场之外以及对俄罗斯国内制造的代价也越来越高。 |
| President Biden banned Russian oil imports, roiling energy markets. Businesses, including McDonald’s and Coca-Cola, closed operations in Russia, quickly turning the country into an international pariah. |
| 拜登总统禁止了俄罗斯石油的进口，能源市场出现动荡。麦当劳、可口可乐等企业停止了在俄罗斯的业务，很快，俄罗斯就变成了被国际排斥孤立的国家。 |
| Still, top U.S. intelligence officials told Congress that Mr. Putin showed no signs of changing course. Faced with military setbacks and a determined Ukrainian resistance, Russia stepped up its attacks on civilians. |
| 不过，美国高级情报官员向国会表示，普京并没有改变方针的迹象。面对军事挫败和乌克兰的坚决抵抗，俄罗斯对平民的袭击更甚。 |
| Kyiv, a modern European metropolis, was rapidly transformed into a fortress city. The barricades in the southern port city of Odessa were raised. And the western city of Lviv prepared for a long struggle. |
| 本是现代化欧洲大都市的基辅迅速变成一座军事堡垒。南部港口城市敖德萨到处都是路障。西部城市利沃夫已准备进行长期作战。 |
| In Mariupol, now encircled by Russian forces, hundreds of thousands of people remained trapped without water, electricity and other basic services. The bombing of a maternity ward in the city became a global symbol of the savage war. |
| 在此时已被俄军包围的马里乌波尔仍有成千上万民众被困，没有水电，也得不到其他基本服务。该市妇幼医院被轰炸，成为这场野蛮战争的一个震惊全球的象征。 |
| The United Nations reported that more than two million Ukrainians — half of them children — had fled the country. |
| 联合国报告称，超过200万乌克兰人——其中一半是儿童——逃离了该国。 |
| But as Russian forces suffered heavy losses, it was becoming clear that the Kremlin’s military planners, not to mention Mr. Putin himself, had dramatically miscalculated, not only about the grit of Ukrainian resistance but also the calamitous economic consequences for Russia. |
| 但随着俄军损失惨重，克里姆林宫的军师们——更不用说还有普京本人——显然严重误判了乌克兰人的抵抗意志，以及战争给俄罗斯带来的灾难性经济后果。 |
| Mr. Zelensky vowed to never to give in to Russia’s tanks, troops or artillery shells. |
| 泽连斯基誓称永远不会屈服于俄罗斯的坦克、部队或炮弹。 |
| “We will fight till the end, at sea, in the air,” Mr. Zelensky said in a video address to Britain’s Parliament. . “We will fight in the forests, in the fields, on the shores, in the streets.” |
| “我们将战斗到底，不论是在海上，还是在空中，”泽连斯基在向英国议会发表的视频讲话中表示。“我们将在森林里、田野里、海岸边和街道上战斗下去。” |
| Week 3 |
| 第三周 |
| March 10-17 |
| 3月10日至17日 |
| Russian forces, battered by a determined Ukrainian resistance, stepped up their aerial bombardment across Ukraine, targeting locations far from the front lines while continuing to pummel cities already devastated by fighting. |
| 面对乌克兰人的坚决抵抗，受挫的俄军加强了对乌克兰全境的空袭，瞄准了远离前线的地点，同时还继续打击已被战火摧毁的城市。 |
| The renewed Russian push came as the war took a decidedly darker turn, with hundreds of thousands of people now living in primeval conditions in besieged cities as Russian forces tried to batter the country into submission. |
| 俄军再次发起攻势之时，战局已明显变得更加黑暗。俄军想用武力使这个国家屈服，导致被围城市中的数十万民众如今生活在极其恶劣的条件下。 |
| The situation was catastrophic in Mariupol, where the number of dead grew daily. Bodies were buried in trenches and backyards. A theater believed to shelter for as many as 1,300 people was destroyed by a Russian missile despite being clearly marked as a refuge for children. It is not known how many people died in that one attack and there was no reliable estimate for the number killed in the city. |
| 马里乌波尔的情况极其惨重，死亡人数每天都在增加。战壕和后院里埋着尸体。尽管被明确标记为儿童避难所，一处据信有多达1300人避难的剧院被俄罗斯导弹摧毁。目前尚不清楚有多少人在那次袭击中死亡，整座城市也没有可靠的死亡人数估计。 |
| Other cities under assault by Russian troops reported increasingly barbaric attacks. Dozens of schools, hospitals and residential buildings across the country were destroyed, according to international observers including the United Nations. |
| 其他遭受俄军袭击的城市也报告了越来越多的野蛮攻击。据包括联合国在内的国际观察组织表示，乌克兰全国有数十所学校、医院和住宅楼被毁。 |
| Vicious fighting in the cities around Kyiv inflicted heavy losses on both armies. |
| 基辅周边城市发生的恶战使双方军队都损失惨重。 |
| With Russia’s forces struggling on the battlefield, Mr. Putin called pro-Western Russians “scum and traitors” who needed to be removed from society. He described the war in Ukraine as part of an existential clash with the United States and set the stage for an ever fiercer crackdown on dissent at home and even more aggression abroad. |
| 随着俄军在战场上陷入困顿，普京把亲西方的俄罗斯人称为“渣滓”和需要从社会中清除的“叛徒”。他称乌克兰战争是俄美存亡较量的一部分，为在国内更严酷地镇压异见以及对外更加咄咄逼人的策略奠定了基础。 |
| Week 4 |
| 第四周 |
| March 17-24 |
| 3月17日至24日 |
| As the first month of the war drew to a close, with Russian forces still unable to seize major cities, there was an emerging consensus in the West that the conflict had reached a bloody stalemate. |
| 第一个月的战争接近尾声，但俄军仍未能占领主要城市，而西方逐渐形成共识，认为这场冲突已经陷入了血腥的僵持。 |
| Russia continued to make some gains in the eastern part of the country and it continued to hold territory in the south around Kherson. But with its ground forces meeting stiff Ukrainian resistance, Russia increasingly turned to long-range missiles to target Ukrainian military and civilian infrastructure. |
| 俄罗斯继续在乌克兰东部取得一些进展，并仍控制着赫尔松周边南部地区的领土。但由于地面部队遭遇了乌克兰的顽强抵抗，俄罗斯更多转向使用远程导弹，打击乌克兰的军事和民用设施。 |
| In a war of attrition, military analysts said, Russia sought to break down the Ukrainian military while crushing the public’s spirit with relentless assaults. |
| 军事专家分析称，在消耗战中，俄罗斯会试图通过无情袭击来击垮乌克兰军队，打击乌克兰国民的士气。 |
| Firing rockets and bombs from the land, the air and from warships in the Sea of Azov, Russian forces broadened their bombardment of the besieged Ukrainian city of Mariupol. Its soldiers forcibly deported thousands of residents, according to city officials and witnesses. |
| 俄军从陆地、空中和亚速海的军舰上发射火炮，扩大了对被围城市马里乌波尔的轰炸。据市政府官员和目击者表示，俄军士兵还强行驱逐了数以千计的居民。 |
| An art school, where about 400 residents were hiding, was destroyed. The number of casualties was not known. Across Ukraine, half of the nation’s children had been forced to flee their homes. |
| 一所约有400名居民躲藏的艺术学校被摧毁。伤亡人数尚不清楚。整个乌克兰约有一半儿童被迫逃离家园。 |
| Ukrainian forces mounted ever more aggressive counter offensives on multiple fronts, including around Kyiv, where the more heavily armed Russians were still unable so far to gain a decisive advantage. |
| 乌克兰军队在多条战线上发起了愈发强势的反击，包括基辅周边，装备更精良的俄军迄今为止还没能在那里获得决定性的优势。 |
| The Russians continued to suffer heavy losses. The Pentagon estimated that in three weeks of fighting, 7,000 Russian soldiers had been killed — greater than the number of American troops killed over 20 years in Iraq and Afghanistan. |
| 俄军继续遭受惨重损失。五角大楼估计，在三周的战斗中，有7000名俄罗斯士兵阵亡，比20年来在伊拉克和阿富汗阵亡的美国士兵总数还要多。 |
| There was rising concern among Western leaders that Mr. Putin might turn to unconventional weapons in an attempt to regain momentum, an issue hanging over a summit and meetings held between President Biden and allied nations on Thursday. |
| 西方领导人愈发担心的是，普京可能转而使用非常规武器，以求夺回优势，这是拜登总统与盟国在周四的峰会及一系列会晤上讨论的一个悬而未决的问题。 |
| Ahead of the meetings, Mr. Zelensky renewed his calls for the West to supply his country with weapons to fight the Russians. |
| 会晤开始前，泽连斯基再次呼吁西方为乌克兰提供武器，以对抗俄军。 |
| “Life can be defended only when united,” he said. “Freedom must be armed.” |
| “唯有团结才能保卫生命，”他说。“自由必须得到武装。” |
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