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| The pilot of the China Eastern Airlines flight that crashed in southern China with 132 people aboard was an industry veteran with more than 6,000 hours of flying time. His co-pilot was even more experienced, having flown since the early days of China’s post-Mao era, training on everything from Soviet-model biplanes to newer Boeing models. |
| 一架载有132人的中国东方航空公司航班在中国广西省坠毁，其飞行员是拥有超过6000小时飞行时间的行业资深人士。副驾驶经验更加丰富，从改革开放之初就开始飞行，受训经历涵盖苏式双翼机到新型波音等各种型号的飞机。 |
| Together, the men operating Flight 5735 had more than 39,000 hours of flying experience, the equivalent of four and a half years nonstop in the cockpit, adding to the mystery of why the plane plunged from a cruising altitude of 29,000 feet into a wooded mountainside on Monday. |
| 东航5735航班的驾驶人员加在一起拥有超过3.9万小时的飞行经验，相当于在驾驶舱内呆了四年半的时间，这给周一的空难——飞机从8869米的巡航高度坠入林木繁茂的山坡——增添了神秘色彩。 |
| How they piloted the Boeing 737 will be closely examined as investigators seek to explain what is probably China’s worst air disaster in more than a decade. Experts have said it is unlikely that anyone survived the crash. |
| 这可能是中国十多年来最严重的空难，调查人员在试图寻找答案的过程中将密切关注所有飞机操控细节。专家已表示，不太可能有人在这次空难中生还。 |
| On Thursday, rescuers said they had found engine components, part of a wing and other “important debris” as they searched the mountainside in a rural part of the Guangxi region for a fourth day. |
| 周四，救援人员表示，搜寻工作进行到第四天时，在位于广西山区的空难地点发现了发动机部件、机翼残件和其他“重要的残骸”。 |
| A four-foot-long piece of debris suspected to be from the plane was found more than six miles from the main crash site, said Zheng Xi, the commander in chief of the Guangxi Fire Rescue Corps. As a result, search teams will widen the area they are combing, he added. |
| 广西消防救援总队总队长郑希说，在距主要坠机地点十多公里的地方发现了一块疑似来自飞机的1.3米长碎片。他还表示，搜救队将扩大搜寻区域。 |
| At the main crash site, a state broadcaster showed the workers digging with shovels around a large piece of wreckage that the reporter described as a wing, which bore part of the China Eastern logo and was perched on a steep, barren slope fringed by dense thickets of now-flattened bamboo. Heavy rains had left the roads slick and inundated the earth with muddy pools. |
| 一家官方电视台的报道画面显示，在主要空难地点，工作人员正在用铁锹在一大块残骸周围挖掘，记者说那是机翼残骸，带有部分东航标识，那是一片陡峭的荒坡，周围茂密的竹林已被压平。大雨导致道路湿滑，四处可见泥泞的水坑。 |
| A day earlier, the workers had found a black box, believed to be the cockpit voice recorder, which could provide investigators with crucial details. Officials said it was damaged but that its memory unit was relatively intact. The plane’s second black box, which records flight data, has yet to be recovered. |
| 一天前，工作人员已找到一部黑匣子，据信是驾驶舱话音记录器，它可以为调查人员提供关键细节。官员说它已受损，但其内存单元相对完整。飞机上记录飞行数据的第二个黑匣子尚未找到。 |
| China Eastern officials have described the crew as having no health problems or faults on their records. Their past performance was “very good,” Sun Shiying, the chairman of China Eastern Airlines’ Yunnan branch, said on Wednesday. When reached by phone, an airline representative declined to answer further questions about the crew. |
| 东航官员称，机组飞行员没有健康问题或过失记录。中国东方航空公司云南分公司董事长孙世英周三表示，他们过去的表现“良好”。当通过电话联系时，航空公司代表拒绝回答有关机组人员的进一步问题。 |
| China Eastern did not identify the crew by name, but the state-owned Ta Kung Pao newspaper and Phoenix Magazine in Hong Kong identified the pilot as Yang Hongda and the first co-pilot as Zhang Zhengping. |
| 东航没有公开机组成员的姓名，但香港的《大公报》和《凤凰周刊》（均为政府所有媒体）指出，机长为杨鸿达，第一副驾驶为张正平。 |
| Mr. Zhang, who was born in 1963, was one of China’s most experienced pilots, having taken up flying as a teenager in Yunnan Province in the early 1980s, according to a 2018 profile by CAAC News, the Civil Aviation Administration of China’s newspaper. He was selected from among thousands who applied to aviation school. There, he trained on a copy of a Soviet-model biplane. Later, after joining China Yunnan Airlines, he flew Antonov An-24s, a turboprop model once common in Chinese commercial aviation, according to the article. |
| 根据中国民用航空局报纸《中国民航报》2018年的一篇报道，张正平出生于1963年，是中国最有经验的飞行员之一。1980年代初，他在十几岁的时候在云南省开始了飞行工作。他在数千名参与选拔者当中脱颖而出，进入一所航空学校。在那里，他驾驶一架苏式双翼机进行训练。文章称，后来，在加入云南航空公司后，他驾驶了安东诺夫安-24，这是一种曾经在中国商业航空中很常见的双发螺旋桨客机。 |
| After China Yunnan purchased its first Boeing models, Mr. Zhang traveled to Seattle in 1988 to train on the Boeing 737-300, the newspaper said. He later learned to fly the Boeing 767, a wide-body aircraft. Over his career as a commercial pilot with China Yunnan, which later merged with China Eastern, Mr. Zhang flew four different models of aircraft and accumulated 31,769 hours of flight experience. |
| 该报称，在云南航空购买了第一批波音机型后，张正平于1988年前往西雅图接受波音737-300的培训。后来他学会了驾驶宽体飞机波音767。在云南航空担任商业飞行员期间，张正平驾驶了四种不同型号的飞机，积累了31769小时的飞行经验。云南航空后来与东方航空合并。 |
| “At China Eastern Airlines Yunnan company, he is one of the few veteran pilots, a mentor to young captains, and a witness to the rapid growth of Yunnan’s aviation industry since the era of reform and opening up began 40 years ago,” the newspaper said, referring to the market reforms begun in China after the Mao era. |
| 报道称：“在东航云南公司，他是屈指可数的老牌飞行员之一，是年轻机长们的师傅，更是云南航空业改革开放40年以来飞速成长的亲历者和见证人。”指的是毛时代以后中国开始的市场化改革。 |
| The airline commonly paired young pilots with older pilots, and Mr. Zhang had mentored more than 100, CAAC News said. Mr. Yang was one of them. |
| 《中国民航报》称，该航空公司通常将年轻飞行员与年长飞行员配对，张正平曾指导过100多名飞行员。杨鸿达就是其中之一。 |
| Mr. Yang, the son of a China Eastern pilot, had steadily progressed up the ranks at the airline, Phoenix Magazine said. He had begun flying 737s in 2018, the airline said. He was 32 and had a daughter who had just celebrated her first birthday, the newspaper Southern Weekly, based in the city of Guangzhou, reported. |
| 《凤凰周刊》称，杨鸿达是一名东航飞行员的儿子，他在航空公司的职位稳步上升。该航空公司表示，他于2018年开始驾驶波音737。据广州市的《南方周末》报道，他今年32岁，女儿刚刚过完一岁生日。 |
| In addition to Mr. Zhang and Mr. Yang, a second co-pilot with 556 hours of experience was also on the flight. The three had valid health certificates and met all other requirements to fly, the airline said. Their “family conditions were stable,” Mr. Sun said. |
| 除了张正平和杨鸿达之外，飞机上还有一位副驾驶，拥有556小时的飞行经验。该航空公司表示，这三人健康证都在有效期内，并符合所有其他飞行要求。孙世英说，他们的“家庭情况和睦”。 |
| Experts said that investigating the crash, which involved a sudden dive from cruising altitude in good weather, would require a close look at both the aircraft and the pilots, including the possibility that the plane was deliberately brought down. But they stressed that the cause was far from determined. |
| 专家表示，调查这起事故——在天气良好的情况下从巡航高度突然俯冲——对飞机和飞行员都需要进行仔细研究，包括飞机被故意撞毁的可能性。但他们强调，事故原因还远未确定。 |
| “Certainly an intentional downing is always a part of any investigation, and especially with this particular flight profile,” said Hassan Shahidi, chief executive of the Flight Safety Foundation, a nonprofit organization created after World War II to promote aviation safety. But he cautioned that it was “premature to jump onto any possibilities.” |
| “当然，任何调查都会考虑到故意撞毁，尤其是对于这一特定情况，”飞行安全基金会的首席执行官哈桑·沙希迪说，该基金会是“二战”后为促进航空安全而成立的非营利组织。但他警告，现在“妄谈任何可能性都为时过早”。 |
| Steven C. Marks, a Miami lawyer who specializes in lawsuits against Boeing and Airbus that allege equipment failures, said he was skeptical that a pilot had intentionally caused the crash, particularly given the likelihood that others would have intervened. |
| 迈阿密律师史蒂文·马克斯专门处理指控波音和空中客车公司设备故障的诉讼，他说他对于飞行员故意造成坠机事故表示怀疑，尤其是考虑到其他人可能会进行干预。 |
| “If the captain were intending to commit suicide, they’d have to overcome the other flight crew members,” Mr. Marks said. |
| “如果机长打算自杀，他们必须先制服其他机师，”马克斯说。 |
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