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| To an independent filmmaker in Hanoi, Vietnam, President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia is a “wise leader.” In Rio de Janeiro, a former restaurant owner said he was convinced that Ukraine had hired actors to fake war injuries. And a 27-year-old doctor living near Nairobi in Kenya questioned how Americans could be outraged over the Russian invasion when “for so long, they had a monopoly over anarchy.” |
| 在越南河内一名独立电影人眼里，俄罗斯总统普京是一位“英明领导人”。里约热内卢一名曾经营餐馆的老板说，他确信乌克兰雇了演员来假扮战争中受伤的人。一名住在肯尼亚内罗毕附近的27岁医生质问美国人怎么会对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰感到愤怒，而“长期以来，无法无天一直是他们的专利品”。 |
| Most of the world has loudly and unequivocally condemned Mr. Putin for sparking a war with Ukraine. But in countries where governments have remained neutral, tacitly supported Russia or encouraged the dissemination of false or sanitized accounts of the war, citizens are voicing a much more complicated and forgiving narrative of Mr. Putin’s invasion. |
| 世界上大多数国家已在大声地、毫不含糊地谴责普京对乌克兰发动的战争。但在那些政府保持中立、暗中支持俄罗斯、鼓励传播虚假或经过美化的战争报道的国家，民众对普京的入侵正在表现出一种更为复杂和宽容的看法。 |
| Interviews with dozens of people in those countries — from Vietnam to Afghanistan to South Africa to China — reveal that while many are disturbed by the war and the loss of innocent lives, some are sympathetic to Russia’s justifications for its invasion of Ukraine, and do not accept the good versus evil scenario presented by the United States and Europe. |
| 我们在这些国家——从越南到阿富汗、从南非到中国——对数十人的采访显示，尽管许多人对战争和无辜生命的损失感到不安，但一些人对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的理由表示同情，他们不接受美国和欧洲将其作为善恶之战的描述。 |
| Their views are shaped by factors such as their countries’ deep and historic ties to Russia and the history of interventions and atrocities perpetrated by some Western countries — as well as disinformation and censorship that in some places is propagated by the state. |
| 几个因素影响了这些人的观点，比如他们的国家与俄罗斯的深厚历史纽带、某些西方国家的干预和暴行历史，还有一些地方存在由国家传播的虚假信息以及对信息的审查。 |
| Many found resonance in the argument that Ukraine’s effort to join NATO compromised Russia’s security. Some held on to a nostalgia for the old Soviet Union. Still others could not side with a West that they viewed as hypocritical. These attitudes have helped prime the pump for the flourishing of conspiracy theories about the war. |
| 他们中有许多人认同乌克兰加入北约的努力损害了俄罗斯安全的说法。有些人对以前的苏联念念不忘。还有些人觉得自己不能支持一个在他们看来虚伪的西方。这些态度助长了有关战争的阴谋论盛行。 |
| “The U.S. invaded Iraq and no one made the same noise as people are doing against Putin,” said Eni Aquino, 52, a sports commentator from Goiânia in midwestern Brazil. |
| “美国入侵伊拉克时，没人发出同样的声音，像人们现在反对普京那样，”现年52岁的埃尼·阿基诺说，他是巴西中西部戈亚尼亚市的一名体育评论员。 |
| Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, has strong ties to Mr. Putin and flew to Moscow right before the invasion, but has taken a position of neutrality on the war. Polls show wide approval for this stance. |
| 巴西总统博尔索纳罗与普京关系密切，曾在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰前不久访问莫斯科，但博尔索纳罗对战争持中立立场。民意调查显示，人们普遍支持这一立场。 |
| Arthur Maia Caetano, 68, said that since shutting down his restaurant in Rio de Janeiro because of the pandemic, he has been using his time to read Russian news websites and bulletins from the 70 or so groups that he follows on the social messaging app Telegram. |
| 现年68岁的亚瑟·马亚·卡埃塔诺说，由于疫情，他关闭了他在里约热内卢的餐馆，之后一直在把时间用在阅读俄罗斯新闻网站，以及他在社交通讯应用Telegram上关注的大约70个群里的简报上。 |
| “When I started to look carefully at war, I saw that the first to die is the truth,” Mr. Caetano said, citing unfounded claims circulating online, such as that Ukraine has hired actors to pretend they were injured and that it maintains biological weapons laboratories funded by the United States. |
| “当我开始仔细审阅有关战争的报道时，我发现，第一个罹难者是真相，”卡埃塔诺说，他给的例子包括网上流传的毫无根据的说法，比如乌克兰雇演员假扮伤者，乌克兰拥有美国资助的生物武器实验室。 |
| In China, state media has done much to bolster false stories about what is unfolding in Ukraine. |
| 中国的官方媒体为传播有关乌克兰战争的虚假报道做了大量工作。 |
| Outlets have republished official Russian propaganda without verification, including false reports that Ukraine had been using civilians as human shields and that President Volodymyr Zelensky had left Kyiv. |
| 中国官媒在未经证实的情况下转载俄罗斯的官方宣传，包括有关乌克兰用平民作人盾、总统泽连斯基已逃离基辅的虚假报道。 |
| While Chinese officials have not explicitly endorsed the Kremlin’s actions, they have framed the invasion as a rational decision by Russia to resist aggression from the West, and specifically from the United States. |
| 虽然中国官员并未明确支持克里姆林宫的行动，但他们把这次入侵描述为俄罗斯为抵御西方（尤其是美国）挑衅作出的理性决定。 |
| Zhang Han, 37, has been an avid consumer of that messaging. Mr. Zhang, a programmer at a technology company in the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen, said he was initially shocked by Mr. Putin’s actions. But he said he also empathized with the Russian leader’s desire to absorb Ukraine and pointed to China’s ambition to unify with Taiwan, the self-governed island that Beijing has long claimed as its own. |
| 现年37岁的张涵（音）热衷于接受这种说法。张先生是中国南方城市深圳一家科技公司的程序员，他说，普京的做法最初让他感到震惊。但他说自己也同情俄罗斯领导人收复乌克兰的愿望，并提到中国有统一台湾的夙愿。台湾是一个自治的岛屿，中国政府长期以来将台湾宣称为自己的领土。 |
| “Of course, I pity the situation of Ukrainians and hope that the war can end soon,” he said. “But that’s the mind-set of a big country.” |
| “当然，我同情乌克兰人的处境也希望战争快结束，”他说。“但这就是大国思维。” |
| In Vietnam, state authorities have also attempted to control the narrative about the war. Two editors for a Vietnamese online magazine and a state broadcaster said they were issued directives on reporting on the war that included reducing the extent and frequency of coverage, and banning the word “invasion.” Both asked to remain anonymous for fear of government reprisals. |
| 在越南，国家当局也试图控制有关战争的叙事。越南一家网络杂志的编辑和一家国有广播公司的编辑说，他们收到了如何报道这场战争的指令，包括减少报道的内容和频率，禁止使用“入侵”一词。由于担心受政府报复，这两人都要求不具名。 |
| Vuong Quoc Hung, a 36-year-old stockbroker from Hanoi, said he grew up watching documentaries and films on national television about the Soviet Red Army heroes who battled Nazi Germany during World War II. That made him fall in love with Russia, he said. |
| 来自河内的36岁股票经纪人王国雄（音）说，他是看着国有电视台播放的关于“二战”期间抗击纳粹德国的苏联红军英雄的纪录片和电影长大的。他说，这些影片让他爱上了俄罗斯。 |
| “So when Russia attacks Ukraine, people like me will sympathize with Russia, assuming that it is purely Russian self-defense,” he said. |
| “所以，当俄罗斯向乌克兰发动攻击时，像我这样的人会同情俄罗斯，假定这纯粹是俄罗斯的自卫，”他说。 |
| The difficult balance for some, though, is that innocent Ukrainian lives are being lost. That toll is impossible to justify, some said, even if they think that Russia had the right to attack in self-defense. |
| 但对一些人来说，让他们难以平衡的是无辜的乌克兰人正在死去。一些人说，这些伤亡不可能有正当理由，即使他们认为俄罗斯有权出于自卫发动攻击。 |
| Although Tran Trung Hieu, a 28-year-old independent filmmaker in Hanoi, firmly opposes the atrocities of war, he said his faith in Mr. Putin was unshaken. |
| 现年28岁的河内独立电影人陈正秀（音）对战争暴行表示坚决反对，但他说，自己仍对普京坚信无疑。 |
| “I’m quite sure that a wise leader like President Putin must have given a lot of thought before sending troops into Ukraine,” said Mr. Hieu, who was born in Russia. |
| “我相当能肯定，像普京总统这样的英明领导人，在出兵乌克兰前一定经过了深思熟虑，”在俄罗斯出生的陈正秀说。 |
| He added that he was “a big fan of ‘Uncle Putin,’ because he always takes drastic actions.” |
| 他补充说，他是“‘普京大叔’的超级粉丝，因为普京总采取果断措施”。 |
| In India, the affinity for Russia is about much more than friendship. India relies on Russia for about half of its arms supplies, and has not spoken out against Russia. Some in India are critical of the United States for fighting wars overseas. |
| 在印度，对俄罗斯的喜爱远不止友谊。印度大约一半的武器供应来自俄罗斯，该国一直没有公开反对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰。一些印度人对美国在海外的战争持批评态度。 |
| “Wherever they’ve gone, they’ve left it in a mess,” said Naresh Chand, a retired lieutenant general in the Indian Army who trained in Russia and Ukraine. |
| “美国人在他们去过的地方总是留下一个烂摊子，”曾在俄罗斯和乌克兰接受训练的印度陆军退役中将纳雷什·昌德说。 |
| The devastation of American military intervention remains fresh and painful in Afghanistan, leaving many Afghans angry at the United States and NATO for their failures, and the crushing economic and humanitarian disasters that followed the fall of the Western-backed government last year. |
| 美国对阿富汗的军事干预刚刚结束，所造成的破坏仍令人心痛，这让许多阿富汗人对美国和北约的失败，以及西方支持的阿富汗政府去年倒台后带来的毁灭性经济和人道主义灾难感到愤怒。 |
| Nazir Hussani, 34, said he thinks the West will only widen the scope of the war in Ukraine by sending weapons there. And, he said, he doesn’t trust the Americans because of their history in Afghanistan, which they invaded in 2001. |
| 现年34岁的纳齐尔·胡萨尼说，他认为西方向乌克兰输送武器只会导致战争扩大。他还说，由于美国2001年入侵阿富汗的历史，他不相信美国人。 |
| “I know they don’t want to share the truth with the media and people,” he said. |
| “我知道他们不想与媒体和民众分享真相，”他说。 |
| To some, the West’s position on Ukraine’s war reeks of hypocrisy. |
| 在一些人眼里，西方在乌克兰战争上的立场非常虚伪。 |
| Dr. Lucky Muange, who lives in Kiambu County, several miles north of Nairobi, said NATO and Western nations had little right to vilify Mr. Putin when they have in the past invaded and occupied poor countries, or interfered to topple their governments. |
| 家在内罗毕以北几英里的基阿姆布县的拉基·穆安格博士说，北约和西方国家过去曾入侵和占领贫穷国家，或干预推翻这些国家的政府，北约和西方没有多少权利诋毁普京。 |
| “So now they are shocked when Russia is the one doing it?” he said. |
| “所以现在当俄罗斯那样做时，他们感到震惊？”他问道。 |
| Since the start of the war, the South African government has been adamant about remaining neutral, and repeatedly called for peace. But officials have also gone out of their way to highlight the country’s longstanding friendship with Russia. |
| 自俄乌战争开始以来，南非政府一直坚持保持中立，并一再呼吁和平。但南非官员们也不遗余力地强调该国与俄罗斯的长久友谊。 |
| The Soviet Union was the first major world power to provide direct support for the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. Countries like the United States supported South Africa’s white, racist regime until the 1980s. |
| 苏联是第一个为南非反种族隔离斗争提供直接支持的世界大国。直到20世纪80年代，美国等国支持的都是南非的白人种族主义政权。 |
| The African National Congress, which was in the forefront of the anti-apartheid movement, is South Africa’s governing party. The latest edition of its weekly newsletter includes an article with the headline, “Situation in Ukraine is about denazification of the country by Russia.” The article perpetuates the false claim, promoted by the Russian government, that in 2014 Ukraine’s government “was replaced by ultra-nationals and neo Nazis who were backed by the U.S. and the E.U.” |
| 南非的执政党非洲人国民大会是反种族隔离运动的先锋。该党的最近一期时事通讯中有一篇题为《乌克兰局势事关俄罗斯对该国去纳粹化》的文章。这篇文章延续了俄罗斯政府的虚假说法，即乌克兰政府在2014年“被美国和欧盟支持的极端分子和新纳粹接管”。 |
| Siyabonga Ntuli, a 28-year-old software developer in Johannesburg, said that Mr. Putin’s claims about Nazis in Ukraine were false propaganda meant to justify the invasion. Still, Mr. Ntuli said, he believed that Mr. Putin did have good reason to go to war with Ukraine, because NATO’s eastward expansion threatened Russia. |
| 现年28岁的约翰内斯堡软件开发人员西亚邦加·恩图利说，普京关于乌克兰纳粹的说法是虚假宣传，是为入侵提供理由。尽管如此，恩图里说，他认为普京确实有好理由与乌克兰开战，因为北约东扩威胁了俄罗斯。 |
| “It’s a shame that Ukraine is going to end up picking up the bill for it,” he said. “But I think that NATO knew it. I think they wanted to test his resolve.” |
| “很可惜，乌克兰最终要为此埋单，”他说。“但我认为北约知道这点。我认为他们想试探普京的决心。” |
| Mr. Ntuli was chatting with three friends on a sunny afternoon in Gandhi Square in downtown Johannesburg, where they regularly meet to discuss life and current events. |
| 一个阳光明媚的下午，恩图利与三位朋友在约翰内斯堡市中心的甘地广场聊天。他们经常在这里聚会，讨论生活和时事。 |
| Zamani Msimango, also 28 and a software developer, likened the current situation to the Cuban missile crisis of 1962, when the United States threatened to invade Cuba after the Soviet Union placed nuclear-armed missiles there. |
| 同是28岁的软件开发人员扎马尼·姆西芒戈将当前的局势比作1962年的古巴导弹危机，当时苏联在古巴部署了携带核弹头的导弹后，美国曾威胁要入侵古巴。 |
| “But somehow now they act like they don’t understand, when they themselves are pushing closer and closer to Russia, what that’s going to lead to,” Mr. Msimango said. |
| “但现在不知为何，他们的做法好像是不明白他们自己向俄罗斯步步逼近时会导致什么后果，”姆西芒戈说。 |
| Thandiswa Bonani, a 40-year-old fashion designer in Johannesburg, said she believed that Mr. Zelensky, the Ukrainian president, was “manipulating other countries to feel sorry for him.” |
| 现年40岁的坦迪斯瓦·博纳尼是约翰内斯堡的一名时装设计师，她说，她认为乌克兰总统泽连斯基是在“操纵其他国家对他的同情”。 |
| “Putin, he didn’t just invade Ukraine,” she said. “There’s something there. I might not be able to put it in words, but there is something there.” |
| “普京不会无缘无故入侵乌克兰，”博纳尼说。“那里面有点什么原因。我可能无法用语言来表达，但我确实觉得那里面有点什么。” |
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