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| The crash of a Boeing jet in China on Monday is the latest crisis for the American plane manufacturer, raising the prospect of renewed regulatory scrutiny and confronting the company with another catastrophe involving its planes. |
| 周一，一架波音飞机在中国坠毁，这是这家美国飞机制造商面临的最新危机，它增加了重新进行监管审查的可能性，并使该公司再次卷入一起空难。 |
| It could be weeks or even months before investigators identify what caused the Boeing 737-800 NG operated by China Eastern Airlines to plunge from the sky with more than 130 people aboard. But the outcome of the investigation could weigh heavily on Boeing, which recently overcame years of troubles involving a newer variant of the single-aisle 737, the Max, and has had long delays in producing and delivering the twin-aisle 787 Dreamliner. |
| 中国东方航空公司运营的这架波音737-800新世代飞机载有130多人，调查人员可能需要数周甚至数月的时间才能确定飞机坠毁的原因。但调查结果可能会给波音公司带来很大的影响。因为单通道737系列新机型Max的事故以及双通道787梦想客机生产和交付上的长期延迟，波音刚刚经历了艰难的几年。 |
| “I think it’s going to be very important to see what actually happened with this particular incident because there’s a credibility concern,” said Rob Spingarn, a managing director at Melius Research, a financial analysis firm. “I think the investment community will pause to some extent on Boeing until that information is out.” |
| “我认为了解这一具体事件的实际情况非常重要，因为涉及到信誉问题，”金融分析公司梅利乌斯研究公司的常务董事罗布·斯宾加恩表示。“我认为投资界将在一定程度上暂停对波音的投资活动，直到信息公布。” |
| Thousands of 737-800 NG planes have safely traversed the globe in recent decades, and many industry analysts and experts were disinclined to conclude that Monday’s crash indicated any fundamental design flaw. But Boeing’s stock fell 3.6 percent nonetheless. Shares of China Eastern ended 6.5 percent lower in trading in Hong Kong. |
| 最近几十年来，数千架737-800新世代飞机在全球安全穿梭，许多行业分析师和专家倾向于认为，周一的坠机事故并非表明存在任何根本性设计缺陷。但波音的股价仍然下跌了3.6%。东航的股票在香港收盘时下跌6.5%。 |
| An icon of the aviation age, Boeing is the largest manufacturing exporter in the United States, a blue chip stock and a major employer. It is also one of the federal government’s biggest contractors. |
| 作为航空时代的标志，波音是美国最大的制造业出口商、蓝筹股和重要雇主。它也是联邦政府最大的承包商之一。 |
| Last year was its best for sales since 2018, with net orders of 535 planes. But it has endured repeated setbacks, including a $3.5 billion charge in the final three months of 2021 from the Dreamliner delays, driving the company to a $4.2 billion loss for the quarter. |
| 去年是2018年以来波音销量最好的一年，净订单量为535架。但它一再遭遇挫折，包括2021年最后三个月因梦想客机交付延误而产生的35亿美元费用，导致该公司该季度出现42亿美元亏损。 |
| In addition to its difficulties with the Max and the Dreamliner, two flagship planes, Boeing has had to contend with an industry slowdown resulting from the coronavirus pandemic. With air travel recovering only slowly to 2019 levels, airlines have cut back plans to buy new planes. |
| 除了737 Max和787梦想客机这两个旗舰机型遇到困难外，波音还不得不应对新冠疫情导致的行业放缓。航空旅行仅仅缓慢恢复到2019年的水平，航空公司已经削减了购买新飞机的计划。 |
| Boeing’s recent problems began with the Max, which was widely criticized after one of the planes crashed in Indonesia in late 2018 and a second crashed in Ethiopia in March 2019. All 346 people aboard the planes were killed, and the Max was grounded worldwide after the second crash. |
| 波音公司近几年的困境始于737 Max机型，2018年一架该机型客机在印度尼西亚坠毁，另一架于2019年3月在埃塞俄比亚坠毁，此后这一机型广受诟病。两架飞机上的346人全部遇难，第二次空难发生后，737 Max在全球范围内停飞。 |
| Those disasters brought regulatory rebukes, several lawsuits, and billions of dollars in fines, settlements and lost orders. The United States approved the Max for flight again in late 2020, requiring Boeing to make certain changes to the plane. That prompted similar approval from other countries, but regulators in China granted approval only in early December. |
| 空难导致了监管机构的批评、数起诉讼以及数十亿美元的罚款、停飞和订单损失。美国在2020年底批准737 Max复飞，要求波音对飞机进行某些改动。其他国家也随之做出类似批准，但中国监管机构直到去年12月初才发布737 Max适航指令。 |
| Industry analysts had expected the plane to resume flying there in the coming months. But its return could become intertwined with the investigation into the crash of the 737-800 NG, analysts said, with Chinese government officials hesitant to bring back the Max as they investigate a crash involving its predecessor. |
| 行业分析师曾预计这一机型将在未来几个月在中国复飞。但分析人士表示，该机型的回归可能会与737-800新世代坠机事件的调查交织在一起，涉事机型为737 Max的前身，中国官员在调查事故时可能会犹豫是否让737 Max复飞。 |
| The Max crashes were directly tied to flight-control software known as MCAS, which the Max is the only commercial airliner to use. That system was introduced to the Max to account for changes made when the plane was upgraded from the NG, or Next Generation, line. |
| 737 Max坠机事件与称为机动特性增强系统的飞行控制软件直接相关，Max是唯一使用该系统的商用客机。737 Max飞机在从“新世代”产品线升级时引入该系统，以适应升级时产生的改动。 |
| On Monday, Boeing said that it was in touch with China Eastern Airlines and with the National Transportation Safety Board, the agency leading U.S. efforts in assisting China’s investigation into the crash. |
| 周一，波音公司表示，它正在与中国东方航空公司和美国国家运输安全委员会联系，后者是责协助中国对坠机事件进行调查的美方机构。 |
| The safety board said that it had appointed a senior investigator as the representative to the investigation and that Boeing, the manufacturer of the plane’s engines and the Federal Aviation Administration would contribute technical expertise. Boeing also said that its technical experts were “prepared to assist” China’s aviation authority, the Civil Aviation Administration of China. |
| 安全委员会表示，已任命一名高级调查员作为调查代表，波音公司、飞机发动机制造商和美国联邦航空管理局将提供技术专长。波音公司还表示，其技术专家已“准备好协助”中国民用航空局。 |
| The Boeing 737-800 NG is a workhorse of the skies. Boeing delivered nearly 5,000 of the planes between 1998 and 2020, far more than any of the other commercial planes it sells, according to Boeing data. Along with the Max, it holds special appeal for airlines because of its passenger capacity and travel range. Single-aisle planes are typically used for domestic flights, though some airlines use them for shorter international trips. |
| 波音737-800新世代是航空界的主力机型。根据波音的数据，该公司在1998年至2020年间交付了近5000架该机型，远远超过其销售的任何其他商用飞机。与737 Max一样，该机型因载客量和飞行距离的缘故，对航空公司具有特别大的吸引力。单通道飞机通常用于国内航线，尽管一些航司也将它们用于较短的国际航班。 |
| For Boeing and its 737 family, China is an important market. Of the 25,000 passenger planes in service worldwide, about 17 percent are Boeing 737-800 NGs, according to Cirium, an aviation data firm. China is home to nearly 1,200, followed by Europe, with nearly 1,000, and the United States, with nearly 800. In the United States, American Airlines has 265 in service, while Southwest Airlines has 205, United Airlines has 136 and Delta Air Lines has 77, according to Cirium. |
| 对于波音及其737系列来说，中国是一个重要的市场。航空数据公司Cirium的数据显示，在全球投入使用的2.5万架客机中，约有17%是波音737-800新世代。中国有近1200架，其次是欧洲，有近1000架，美国有近800架。据Cirium，在美国，美国航空有265架在役，西南航空有205架，联合航空有136架，达美航空有有77架。 |
| China is also the second-largest market for Boeing planes, after the United States. Last year, the company forecast that the number of commercial planes in China would double by 2040, with airlines there needing 8,700 new aircraft by then, valued at about $1.47 trillion. |
| 中国也是波音飞机的第二大市场，仅次于美国。去年，该公司预测，到2040年，中国的商用飞机数量将翻一番，届时中国航司将需要8700架新飞机，价值约1.47万亿美元。 |
| The country is perhaps even more crucial for Boeing’s leading rival, Airbus. Last year, Airbus delivered 142 commercial aircraft to China, its largest single-country market, representing a quarter of its production. |
| 中国对于波音的主要竞争对手空中客车来说或许更为重要。去年，空客向中国——该公司最大的单一国家市场——交付了142架商用飞机，占其产量的四分之一。 |
| Airbus has a mammoth assembly line in Tianjin, China, producing A320 single-aisle planes and A330 wide-body passenger jets. It also has relationships with Chinese airlines and helicopter operators, and many components in Airbus jets are made by Chinese companies. The value of industrial cooperation between Airbus and China was $900 million in 2018, up from $500 million in 2015, according to Airbus. |
| 空客公司在中国天津拥有一条庞大的装配线，生产A320单通道飞机和A330宽体客机。它还与中国的航司和直升机运营商建立了联系，空客飞机的许多部件都是由中国企业生产。据空客称，它与中国的产业合作规模从2015年的5亿美元上升至2018年的9亿美元。 |
| But as important as China is, Boeing’s relationship with the country can be complicated. When tensions rise between China and the United States — as they did during former President Donald J. Trump’s trade war — Boeing can find itself at a disadvantage. |
| 中国市场固然很重要，但波音与中国的关系可能很复杂。当中美之间的紧张局势升级时——波音可能会发现自己处于不利地位，就像在前总统特朗普的贸易战期间时那样。 |
| “As someone once said, they’ve always been the designated hostage in any kind of U.S.-China geopolitical standoff,” said Richard Aboulafia, a managing director at AeroDynamic Advisory, an aviation consulting firm. |
| 航空咨询公司Aero Dynamic Advisory的董事总经理理查德·阿布拉菲亚说：“正如有人曾经说过的那样，美中地缘政治只要发生对峙，它就总是沦为筹码。” |
| In addition, as China’s economy cools, so, too, could its expanding travel sector, testing Boeing’s reliance on the country. |
| 此外，随着中国经济降温，其不断扩大的旅游业也会降温，这考验着波音对中国的依赖。 |
| And then there is the Comac C919, China’s homegrown competitor to the 737. The plane is set to debut this year and poses a long-term threat to Boeing and Airbus in China. But analysts widely expect it could be years before China refines the plane, begins large-scale production and supports its domestic growth with readily available parts and maintenance. |
| 此外还有737的竞争对手，中国本土设计的中国商飞C919。这架飞机将于今年首次亮相，对波音和空客在中国构成长期威胁。但分析师普遍预计，中国可能还需要数年时间，才能完善优化、开始大规模生产并通过随时可以取得的零部件和维修支持其国内增长。 |
| “All of these things take time to develop,” said Mr. Spingarn of Melius Research. “That’s why you don’t have more aircraft manufacturers.” |
| “所有这些发展都需要时间，”梅利乌斯研究公司的斯宾加恩说。“这就是为什么飞机制造商那么少的缘故。” |
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